Re: Manufactured from extraterrestrial materials?
Geoff@CalibanMW.com (Geoff Price)
Fri, 11 Jul 1997 13:06:28 -0700
In article , Sherilyn
wrote:
> In article <868510338.28642@dejanews.com>, Mike Broussard
> writes
> >In article ,
> > Sherilyn wrote:
> >>
> ...
> > do you have any evidence?
> ...
> >
> >You mean you haven't heard the recent announcement that a chemist has
> >analyzed some material and found it to be of extra-terrestrial origin and
> >was definitely manufactured?
> >
> >See this web page for the chemist's presentation:
> >
> >http://www-chem.ucsd.edu/~ruvernon/Odds.n.ends/Analysis/talk
> >
> ...
> Thanks, this news apparently didn't make it across the Atlantic. Now
> this looks more like it. I had heard of Derrel Sims and the alleged
> artifacts, but missed this announcement. This guy seems to know what
> he's doing, he has the right kind of track record, and though IMO it's a
> little unorthodox to make an announcement of conclusions before peer
> reviewed publication, I can't really blame him.
>
> I'd like to see more tests done on this alleged alien implant,
> particularly replications, but also any tests that might shed light on
> who has the capability to manufacture such an artifact--we must see if
> we can rule out hoax (an ever-present specter in such cases, as history
> shows). If this is for real, we ought to be able to find identical
> chemical characteristics in other alleged implants.
It's not an implant, rather an alleged fragment of fabled Roswell saucer
debris, slipped to Sims. I haven't heard yet what the specific claimed
chain of possession is or whether any claims are being advanced to bolster
the credibility of the object's Roswell origin. Nevertheless, the ratio
testing is plainly interesting.
Since you invited sci.chem, I know some of us out here would be delighted
to hear a little bit about (or be pointed to info about) the issues
involved in artificially constructing metal fragments with
"non-terrestrial" isotopic ratios. What would be the parameters of a
sophisticated hoax here?
Mike Broussard's page at:
http://www.1stnet.com/~mikeb/roswell/roswell.html
gives a nice summary of the case and links to more info.
--
Geoff Price
Geoff@CalibanMW.com
Re: Which Vegetable is the Smartest: was Re: Abandon meat production!
wpenrose@interaccess.com (William R. Penrose)
Fri, 11 Jul 1997 08:40:37
In article <33c55976.276714469@news.wam.umd.edu> rsrodger@wam.umd.edu (Rob Rodgers) writes:
>Cactus is a bottom feeder. No, the braniac of the vegetative kingdom
>is obviously the rutabaga. This foul tasting, gritty tuber contains
>few nutrients and, like human beings, can grow and survive pretty much
>anywhere, and somehow it has domesticated a mammalian species to
>service it's every need.
This brings things full circle. Obviously the best and most morally
acceptable form of nutrition are human beings themselves. (For the menu, of
course, it's "long pig".)
Bill "To Serve Man" Penrose
************************************************************
Bill Penrose, President, Custom Sensor Solutions, Inc.
526 West Franklin Avenue, Naperville IL 60540, USA
630-548-3548, fax 630-369-9618, email wpenrose@interaccess.com
************************************************************
Purveyors of contract R&D; and gas sensor-based product
development to this and nearby galaxies.
************************************************************
Re: Which Vegetable is the Smartest: was Re: Abandon meat production!
"Mark J. Mihalasky"
11 Jul 1997 17:05:45 GMT
They are Made Out of Meat
Bisson, Terry, 1991
OMNI Magazine, April
Imagine if you will... the leader of the fifth invader force
speaking to the commander in chief...
Leader: "They're made out of meat."
Chief: "Meat?"
"Meat. They're made out of meat."
"Meat?"
"There's no doubt about it. We picked several from
different parts of the planet, took them aboard our recon
vessels, probed them all the way through. They're
completely meat."
"That's impossible. What about the radio signals? The
messages to the stars."
"They use the radio waves to talk, but the signals don't
come from them. The signals come from machines."
"So who made the machines? That's who we want to contact."
"They made the machines. That's what I'm trying to tell
you. Meat made the machines."
"That's ridiculous. How can meat make a machine? You're
asking me to believe in sentient meat."
"I'm not asking you, I'm telling you. These creatures are
the only sentient race in the sector and they're made out of
meat."
"Maybe they're like the Orfolei. You know, a carbon-based
intelligence that goes through a meat stage."
"Nope. They're born meat and they die meat. We studied
them for several of their life spans, which didn't take too
long. Do you have any idea of the life span of meat?"
"Spare me. Okay, maybe they're only part meat. You know,
like the Weddilei. A meat head with an electron plasma
brain inside."
"Nope. We thought of that, since they do have meat heads
like the Weddilei. But I told you, we probed them. They're
meat all the way through."
"No brain?"
"Oh, there is a brain all right. It's just that the brain
is made out of meat!"
"So... what does the thinking?"
"You're not understanding, are you? The brain does the
thinking. The meat."
"Thinking meat! You're asking me to believe in thinking
meat!"
"Yes, thinking meat! Conscious meat! Loving meat.
Dreaming meat. The meat is the whole deal! Are you getting
the picture?"
"Omigod. You're serious then. They're made out of meat."
"Finally, Yes. They are indeed made out of meat. And
they've been trying to get in touch with us for almost a
hundred of their years."
"So what does the meat have in mind?"
"First it wants to talk to us. Then I imagine it wants to
explore the universe, contact other sentients, swap ideas
and information. The usual."
"We're supposed to talk to meat?"
"That's the idea. That's the message they're sending out by
radio. 'Hello. Anyone out there? Anyone home?' That sort
of thing."
"They actually do talk, then. They use words, ideas,
concepts?"
"Oh, yes. Except they do it with meat."
"I thought you just told me they used radio."
"They do, but what do you think is on the radio? Meat
sounds. You know how when you slap or flap meat it makes a
noise? They talk by flapping their meat at each other.
They can even sing by squirting air through their meat."
"Omigod. Singing meat. This is altogether too much. So
what do you advise?"
"Officially or unofficially?"
"Both."
"Officially, we are required to contact, welcome, and log in
any and all sentient races or multibeings in the quadrant,
without prejudice, fear, or favor. Unofficially, I advise
that we erase the records and forget the whole thing."
"I was hoping you would say that."
"It seems harsh, but there is a limit. Do we really want to
make contact with meat?"
"I agree one hundred percent. What's there to say?"
`Hello, meat. How's it going?' But will this work? How
many planets are we dealing with here?"
"Just one. They can travel to other planets in special meat
containers, but they can't live on them. And being meat,
they only travel through C space. Which limits them to the
speed of light and makes the possibility of their ever
making contact pretty slim. Infinitesimal, in fact."
"So we just pretend there's no one home in the universe."
"That's it."
"Cruel. But you said it yourself, who wants to meet meat?
And the ones who have been aboard our vessels, the ones you
have probed? You're sure they won't remember?"
"They'll be considered crackpots if they do. We went into
their heads and smoothed out their meat so that we're just a
dream to them."
"A dream to meat! How strangely appropriate, that we should
be meat's dream."
"And we can mark this sector unoccupied."
"Good. Agreed, officially and unofficially. Case closed.
Any others? Anyone interesting on that side of the galaxy?"
"Yes, a rather shy but sweet hydrogen core cluster
intelligence in a class nine star in G445 zone. Was in
contact two galactic rotations ago, wants to be friendly
again."
"They always come around."
"And why not? Imagine how unbearably, how unutterably cold
the universe would be if one were all alone."
Re: World's first Fusion Generator; world's first Electric Motor
jac@ibms48.scri.fsu.edu (Jim Carr)
11 Jul 1997 14:07:04 GMT
"Stan Staten" writes:
>
>IF this is so great, why don't you use your real name?
>
>Archimedes Plutonium wrote ...
My apologies to those of you who know the history, but Archie has
posted mainly in the physics and math groups until recently.
Archimedes Plutonium is his legal name. He is an employee (at the
Hanover Inn) of Dartmouth University. His legal name used to be
Ludwig Plutonium, under which he had a letter to the editor published
in Scientific American in April of (1995?). AFAIK, his original
name was Ludwig von Ludwig. You can learn more from his website,
and even more from experts on net legends.
He even has his own newsgroup, which is where I have set followups.
--
James A. Carr | Commercial e-mail is _NOT_
http://www.scri.fsu.edu/~jac/ | desired to this or any address
Supercomputer Computations Res. Inst. | that resolves to my account
Florida State, Tallahassee FL 32306 | for any reason at any time.
Re: Hydrogen as a automotive fuel
John McCarthy
11 Jul 1997 11:19:03 -0700
hatunen@shell. (David Hatunen) writes:
>
>In article <5q5b6n$5q8$1@nntp.Stanford.EDU>,
>Rick Ottolini wrote:
>>In article John McCarthy writes:
>>>4. However, liquid hydrogen can give the performance of present cars.
>>>It will require tanks three times the size of present gas tanks plus
>>>the additional size determined by the insulation. This is workable,
>>>because the hydrogen is so light that the tanks can be on top. There
>>>are problems making the system safe, but safety greater than that
>>>provided by gasoline powered cars can almost certainly be achieved.
>>
>>I believe there is an alternative way of storing hydrogen that is more compact
>>and less volatile than pure hydrogen. It is called metal hydrates(?) where
>>the hydrogen is obsorbed into some metalic matrix. I recall another Stanford
>>prof researching that idea.
>
>Metal hydrides. And they all generally rely on the use of large amounts of
>heavy metals such as nickel. This introduces potential problems with heavy
>metal pollution, and an economic problem of supply and demand: there ain't
>enough nickel in the world to be used extensively for fuel tanks in personal
>automobiles. This means the nickel will quickly become very expensive. And
>nickel is not found in the USA, a fact that should be of interest to those
>concerned about our dependency on foreign sources and our balance of
>payments.
World production of nickel is 500,000 tonnes per year. If 50 kg of
nickel were used per car, the 500,000 tonnes would give 10 million
cars per year, probably less than a quarter of world production.
Presumably production could be increased if the demand existed. I
don't take the fact that nickel isn't mined in the U.S. seriously.
Every country depends on the world market for something.
My worry about hydrides is the weight. If each nickel atom holds
three hydrogen atoms, then the weight of the nickel is 20 times the
weight of the hydrogen. This gives 1,000 pounds for reasonable range,
which might be bearable.
Remember that many of the exotic fuel systems proposed are based on
accepting lower performance and range cars. Civilization could live
with that, but civilization won't live with it if present performance
and range are achievable, which liquid hydrogen can do.
--
John McCarthy, Computer Science Department, Stanford, CA 94305
http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/progress/
He who refuses to do arithmetic is doomed to talk nonsense.
Re: Hydrogen as a automotive fuel
Fred McGalliard
Fri, 11 Jul 1997 19:27:37 GMT
David Hatunen wrote:
> I don't expect there's enough nickel (or lead) in the world to
> maintain
> anything near our current mobile lifestyle.
Dear David. As I recall, the earth is a large nickel iron asteroid with
a thin foam of interesting rocks and minerals, and, oh, by the way just
the teensiest sheen of water over 2/3 of the surface. I think there is
way more lead than we would need for this purpose, but lead acid
batteries are really not very suitable anyway.
As for the weight of hydrogen, it has a great energy per pound
performance, much better than gasoline. But it is awfully light. Why
don't we just mix it with a little carbon at the source, heat it and
make, well, really, gasoline?
Re: Hydrogen as a automotive fuel
John McCarthy
11 Jul 1997 11:38:26 -0700
ghg@shay.ecn.purdue.edu (George Goble) writes:
>
>In article <5q4c25$g6u$1@news.wco.com>, David Hatunen wrote:
>>In article ,
>>John McCarthy wrote:
>>
>>[...]
>>
>>>3. Various schemes for storing hydrogen in a car have been proposed.
>>>Compressed hydrogen gas or metal hydrides or hydrogen adsorbed on
>>>metal will work but can't provide the range of present cars. If you
>>>imagine the competition to be cars powered by lead-acid batteries or
>>>flywheels, these schemes are in the running.
>>
>
>I have seen a scheme for H2 storage that involved carbon whiskers.
>It has a patent applied for. Metal hydrides only store 1-5% H2
>by weight.. This whiskers claimed to hold 75% their weight of H2,
>which is far denser than liquid H2. There were estimates
>of 5000 mile ranges from a tank of whiskers, and you change
>the gas when you change the oil.
>
>see http://www.ttcorp.com/nha/thl/feb97.htm
>--ghg
The carbon whisker scheme will be great if it really works. The date
on the article was 1997 February. If it doesn't become major news by
1998 February, it is probably a mistake.
--
John McCarthy, Computer Science Department, Stanford, CA 94305
http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/progress/
He who refuses to do arithmetic is doomed to talk nonsense.
ChemExpo News for the week of July 14, 1997
Jkarlovitch@turnaround.com (Jeff Karlovitch)
Fri, 11 Jul 1997 17:40:04 -0500
ChemExpo News for the week of July 14, 1997
Visit ChemExpo (http://www.chemexpo.com, the chemical industry's most
up-to-date source of news and information for the chemical industry.
This week's highlights include:
* UK Chemicals Hit by Strong Pound
Growth of the UK chemical industry is
slowing because of a sharp appreciation
in the worth of the pound. This development
presages problems that could develop for
the European industry when European Union's
single-currency scheme goes into effect.
* Chirex Acquires Glaxo Plant
In a deal that reflects Glaxo's recent sale
of a cGMP facility in the US, the company has
agreed to sell a pharmaceutical plant in Scotland
to Chirex while contracting for up to $450
million of pharmaceutical intermediates from
the Wellesley, Mass.-based manufacturer.
Other Current Developments:
* Batch chemical makers hope for easier regulatory climate.
* JLM Industries plans offer of stock on Nasdaq exchange.
* Lysine production capacity scheduled for construction.
* Huntsman aims at amines in Europe.
* Air regulation is targeted in the House. US Rep.
* Eastman slates a custom chemical plant.
* Sasol moves in US mining explosives market.
This Weeks Chemical Profile
* ACRYLONITRILE
Full text articles are available at http://www.chemexpo.com. There is no cost
to access this information. All information (c) 1997 Schnell Publishing and
ChemExpo.
ChemExpo Tip: Check the show floor to search a ChemExpo's database of more
than 20,000 products and 2,000 companies.
Re: Which Vegetable is the Smartest: was Re: Abandon meat production!
"Steve Spence"
Fri, 11 Jul 1997 17:28:09 -0400
that analogy would only fly if you were talking about incest.
--
Steve Spence
sspence@sequeltech.com
Http://www.sequeltech.com
SteveSpence@worldnet.att.net
Http://www.areaairduct.com/spence
MSMVP, MSDN, ClubIE
BetaID# 254651
____________________________________
Ivan wrote in article <5q5keg$ivv$1@juliana.sprynet.com>...
>wpenrose@interaccess.com (William R. Penrose) writes: > In article
<5q3jdf$j9t@mtinsc03.worldnet.att.net> "Steve Spence"
writes:
>
>> Not true. Have you ever grown a carrot from a slice, or planted a potato
and
>> had it grow? They're *alive*! And therefore conscious.
>
>The exact same logic about "how far should one go"
>applies to our treatment of each other as to animals.
>Saying, "I go only so far in helping animals. But, I'm going
>to create new ones, confine them their whole lives, and slaughter
>them, just because I want to eat hamburgers"
>is exactly analogous to rapists saying that 90% of the time they
>are polite and cordial to women, but that they can only go so far
>in sacrificing themselves for women: they won't rape women 5 times
>a year, but they will rape them 3 times a year.
>At least, I DO feel sorry for rapists in jail: at least they get
>punished: in fact, way OVER punished, with extremist jail sentences.
>Whereas, meateaters like Penrose are loose and should be locked up.
>
>
>And, yes, this IS math-and-science-related:
>any time one tries to quantify
>variables like numbers of death, duration of suffering, etc...
>
>
>
>
>
Re: Salary info exchanges
Dannyb@freemail.nl (Danny)
Fri, 11 Jul 1997 14:12:33 GMT
In article <868369710.27@dejanews.com>, jfcarney@msn.com wrote:
|I have been told that certain large chemical companies regularly exchange
|information concerning salary levels paid to non-union chemical employees.
| This information is then used to set "competitive" salary levels.
|Please send me any information you have concerning this practice. The
|more detail the better. Any information about the use or gathering this
|information will be appreciated.
|
I don't know if you're interested, but in the Netherlands the three big
(multinationally operating) chemical companies appear to have made a deal for
starting salaries for employees with a M.Sc. or a Ph.D. degree. I'm not
completely sure, and doubt whether it is even permitted with respect to the
European laws, but I have heard this from several reliable sources.
It appears that with the tight market for good chemical engineers, graduates
apply at several companies and get offers from more than one company. In this
way, they got better salaries than the industry was prepared to pay.
Regards,
Danny
Re: Changes to our CO2 emissions levels
lparker@curly.cc.emory.edu (Lloyd R. Parker)
11 Jul 1997 10:49:32 -0400
B. Alan Guthrie (zcbag@cnfd.pgh.wec.com) wrote:
: The South African device was based on High-Enriched Uranium (aka HEU),
: not plutonium. The plutonium for the alleged North Korean device did
: not come from a power reactor.
Then what did it come from?
: I do not know what sort of devices
: Israel may have, but, since Israel does not have power reactors, I
: think it unlikely that the stuff came from a power reactor.
The first Israeli material came from, as I understand it, a US power
reactor. Now they have their own reactor. But if you can get
fissionable plutonium from a reactor, you can get it from a power reactor.
:
: The cynic might answer that President Ford suspended the
: reprocessing of commercial nuclear fuel for partisan political
: advantage (yep, it was Ford who did the deed in late October,
: 1976, not Jimm' Carter as is frequently alleged).
The cynic might accuse you of partisan politics.
Re: Solar-powered vehicles on the market yet?
B.Hamilton@irl.cri.nz (Bruce Hamilton)
Fri, 11 Jul 1997 18:14:08 GMT
"Richard K. Downer" wrote:
>Rick Ottolini wrote:
>> Commericially I'd be little concerned.
>> The GM electric impacts are not selling(leasing) well,
>> and they are pretty good vehicles if you've seen them.
>
>The EV1 is a perfect example of GM's implementation of a good idea. It
>was doomed when they decided to lease them instead of sell them. They
>were afraid that people like me (who live out of the SoCal area) would
>buy them. Well, duh! Doesn't that indicate that there's a larger market
>for EVs than just SoCal?
This has been done to death in sci.energy many times.
SoCal offers major incentives to EVs, also GM wanted
it in areas where the batteries would perform ( warm ),
where the support service and training costs could be
localised.
The leasing was the best way to minimise GM exposure
to long term liabilities. They can collect up all the
vehicles and close down the support should they fail.
Note that GM spent a lot of money on preliminary
evaluations and many respondents in the target group
said they would lease if one was available. In fact,
they haven't - so don't be surprised if GM pulls the
plug.
The deferring of the EV mandate is clear evidence that
many of the promises of the EV proponents about technology
forcing were false. EVs will remain a niche player ( and
thus not a useful solution to pollution ) until their
battery problem is solved. If California had not demanded
ZEV, then GM could have invested the money in the Ultralite
ICV prototype instead of the Impact prototype. The Ultralite
carried 5 people, had superior performance to the Impact,
met all crash and safety standards, and provided double the
mpg of existing ICVs.
Adopting more of the Ultralite technology into ICVs would have
reduced the emissions from larger fleets of ICVs, and yielded
more air quality improvements than the few EVs could ever provide.
The Japanese ( Honda ) were the first to demonstrate that ICVs
could comply with ULEV, and yet still provide the performance,
carry capacity and driveability that motorists wanted. They have
also invested heavily in the revised ZEV options - which permit
some emissions ( permitting fuel cells and hybrids ), and so
will be in a position to cater for the market. GM has now to
catch up on those options as well. The fault was not GM's, it
was a demented mandate driven by the false promises of EV
proponents.
[ Followups set to sci.energy, some groups deleted ]
Bruce Hamilton
Re: Hydrogen as a automotive fuel
John McCarthy
11 Jul 1997 14:28:10 -0700
Fred McGalliard writes:
>
>John McCarthy wrote:
>Stuff about liquid hydrogen cars.
>No way Hosey! Even if I have to build a reformer into the fuel cell, I
>am not sitting under a hundred pounds of liquid hydrogen. That stuff is
>cold.
>
Gee. A hundred pounds of hydrogen would get Fred McGalliard 1,000
miles of range.
--
John McCarthy, Computer Science Department, Stanford, CA 94305
http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/progress/
He who refuses to do arithmetic is doomed to talk nonsense.
Re: a chemistry question
Frank_Hollis-1@sbphrd.com.see-sig (Triple Quadrophenic)
11 Jul 1997 09:26:28 GMT
In article <868499260.19950@dejanews.com>, tjliu@hepxvt.ps.uci.edu
(tjliu@hepxvt.ps.uci.edu) dusted off the quill, prised open the inkwell
and wrote...
Re: Ban on Mercury in Holland
Bob Funchess
Fri, 11 Jul 1997 20:25:37 GMT
Eric Lucas wrote:
> Na vapor lamps have been in wide use in the US for about 20 years now,
> and I think they're great. The have the advantage of producing a
> pleasant, yellow-tan light. Not only is this easier on the eyes, it
> makes it easier to see clearly.
There are at least two kinds of sodium vapor lamps. One of them makes a
couple of blips in the spectrum and leaves the rest of it largely
untouched. The other type pretty much trashes the entire yellow-orange
region of the visible spectrum.
For obvious reasons, astronomers greatly prefer the first type. Since I
live a few dozen miles from Mount Palomar, there are a lot of this kind
around. They do peculiar things to colors (it's difficult to tell a red
car from a gray car, for example).
Bob F.
--
Dr. Robert B. Funchess bobf@msi.com
Senior Scientist, Scientific Support Voice (619) 458-9990 x738
Molecular Simulations Inc. FAX (619) 458-0431
9685 Scranton Road
San Diego, CA 92121-3752 http://www.msi.com/
-disclaimer-
unless stated otherwise, everything in the above message is personal opinion
and nothing in it is an official statement of molecular simulations inc.
Re: Nuclear Fule (Re: Changes to our CO2 emissions levels)
Fred McGalliard
Fri, 11 Jul 1997 20:18:42 GMT
Lloyd R. Parker wrote:
> Michael Pelletier (mikep@comshare.com) wrote:
> : And higher construction costs can be offset by the fact that you
> : need only a truckload of fuel every year, instead of dozens of rail
> : cars every day. Some of the lowest-cost generating plants in the
> : world are nuclear.
>
> Gee, in this country, it's the other way around.
Get a clue man. This country, the USA, has regulated, planned,
legeslated, proffiterred, and sued the nuclear power industry into the
ground. US power plants are under designed, over built, over regulated,
and over sold. While I am never sure how much of what I pick up is just
propaganda, I think that the US power plants are generally not as
efficient or as clean as several popular designs in Europe, mainly
because we have such restrictive regulations in place.
> Gee, at least oil can't cause cancer in anybody who breathes it. A
> gram
> of oil in the air isn't sufficient to kill millions of people. Oil
> can't
> be diverted to make nuclear weapons. And oil wastes aren't going to
> be
> toxic to people for billions of years.
Oil and it's byproducts certainly kill enough people directly in LA and
environs? A gram(of plutonium)? Come on. We set off hundreds of above
ground plutonium weapons over about a 20 year period, and the worst side
effects were, as I recall, Co60 absorbed into the reindeer milk and some
few humans in northern Europe. I don't think that this, or the Pu, are
normally allowed to escape from the reactor, and certainly are not
vaporized over LA. So why the scare term. I would worry more about a few
hundred thousand years if I could survive the smog in LA this summer.
Re: Nuclear Fule (Re: Changes to our CO2 emissions levels)
hatunen@shell. (David Hatunen)
11 Jul 1997 22:07:06 GMT
In article ,
William R. Penrose wrote:
>In article <5q5jap$p8t$12@news.wco.com> hatunen@shell. (David Hatunen) writes:
>
>>There was a recent explosion at the oil refinery at Martinez near here. A
>>worker was killed. He, alone, constitutes a greater process-related death
>>toll [*] than that of all the commercial nuclear power plants in the USA
>>since the beginning.
>
>Actually, I think there was *one* death, in the plant near Detroit (Monroe?)
>that had the runaway in the 70's. See the book "We Almost Lost Detroit",
>author forgotten. Still a pretty amazing safety record.
I don't recall a death there; you could be right. It was the original Fermi
plant, now sometimes called Fermi One, adn it was a sodium cooled breeder
reactor. It was owned by Deteroid Edison, but had massive government support
as a means of testing the breeder for commmerical use; it was marginally a
commercial reactor. I don't believe it had produced any electricity priro to
the accident.
--
********** DAVE HATUNEN (hatunen@netcom.com) **********
* Daly City California: *
* where San Francisco meets The Peninsula *
* and the San Andreas Fault meets the Sea *
Re: Global Worries? See: http://www.giss.nasa.gov/Data/GISTEMP/
khorsell@ee.latrobe.edu.au (Kym Horsell)
11 Jul 1997 19:13:18 +1000
In article <5pr4da$i05@larry.cc.emory.edu>,
Lloyd R. Parker wrote:
>We know from measurements that CO2 blocks the escape of ir radiation and
>leads to warming of the air below. It is therefore logical to postulate
>that increasing the CO2 in the atmosphere all over the earth will lead to
>global warming. The unknowns are the capacity for absorption of the CO2
>by biomass and the oceans, and eventually, whether increased snow cover
>will reflect back enough sunlight to offset the warming.
If this degenerates into the (expected) "that is a supposition, not
Science", you might like to refer back to the Surgeon Genl's
report on smoking. I understand (a certain person) accepts there is
a prima facie link between smoking and cancer. The SG's Report --
widely regarded to be "using dem dam-ned statISTICS again, and
dats just LIES!" -- shows how to establish (for scientific purposes,
rather than anything closer to "really" ;-) a causal link.
There are 5 criteria: roughly that pro- and retro-spective studies
show the link, and that the relationship between the indep and dependent
variable relate in the Mills-ian critieria -- e.g. changes over time
of the INDEP variable cause the dependent var to change over TIME;
changes over position or demographic in the independent var are
associated with changes in the dependent var; and that
idea that changes in the indep var are reasonably consistently found
to be related to changes in the dep var LATER in time (the obvious --
and according to some fallacy -- the ONLY criteria for causation ;-).
It seems to be the case there is evidence for CO2 and global temps
to meet all 5 points.
But then, for the above "tactic" to be effective, consistency might be
a requirement.
--
R. Kym Horsell
KHorsell@EE.Latrobe.EDU.AU kym@CS.Binghamton.EDU
http://WWW.EE.LaTrobe.EDU.AU/~khorsell http://CS.Binghamton.EDU/~kym
Re: Changes to our CO2 emissions levels
lparker@curly.cc.emory.edu (Lloyd R. Parker)
11 Jul 1997 10:29:26 -0400
Gareth Thomas (gareth@clara.net) wrote:
: On 10 Jul 1997 10:47:56 -0400, lparker@curly.cc.emory.edu (Lloyd R.
: Parker) wrote:
:
:
: >True, but ash doesn't have the potential to kill people for a billion years.
:
: Also true, but in real terms - not potential - ash kills more people
: per year than plutonium; as do carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide;
: nitrate dioxide (is that its proper name?)
Now, let's release 1 g of Pu and 1 g of ash, 1 g of CO2, and 1 g of SO2
into the atmosphere and compare them.
:
: This is a pretty weak argument. Who says they are a joke -
: Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth - like their opinion can be trusted.
: The safeguards system has been up and running for over 40 years. You
: will not find a single instance of fissionable material being
: diverted.
:
Sure we do. India. Pakistan. South Africa. North Korea. Brazil
(until a new government abandoned their program). Iraq.
Re: Hydrogen as a automotive fuel
hatunen@shell. (David Hatunen)
11 Jul 1997 21:03:18 GMT
In article ,
John McCarthy wrote:
>hatunen@shell. (David Hatunen) writes:
> >Metal hydrides. And they all generally rely on the use of large amounts of
> >heavy metals such as nickel. This introduces potential problems with heavy
> >metal pollution, and an economic problem of supply and demand: there ain't
> >enough nickel in the world to be used extensively for fuel tanks in personal
> >automobiles. This means the nickel will quickly become very expensive. And
> >nickel is not found in the USA, a fact that should be of interest to those
> >concerned about our dependency on foreign sources and our balance of
> >payments.
>
>World production of nickel is 500,000 tonnes per year. If 50 kg of
>nickel were used per car, the 500,000 tonnes would give 10 million
>cars per year, probably less than a quarter of world production.
>Presumably production could be increased if the demand existed. I
>don't take the fact that nickel isn't mined in the U.S. seriously.
>Every country depends on the world market for something.
Find out what happens when you increase the demand for a commodity by 25%
>My worry about hydrides is the weight. If each nickel atom holds
>three hydrogen atoms, then the weight of the nickel is 20 times the
>weight of the hydrogen. This gives 1,000 pounds for reasonable range,
>which might be bearable.
Uh. I'm confused. Didn't you just posit 50 kg of nickel per tank? Now you're
suggesting some 450 kg per tank?
>Remember that many of the exotic fuel systems proposed are based on
>accepting lower performance and range cars. Civilization could live
>with that, but civilization won't live with it if present performance
>and range are achievable, which liquid hydrogen can do.
Which goes right back to my doubts about maintaining our current mobile life
styles.
--
********** DAVE HATUNEN (hatunen@netcom.com) **********
* Daly City California: *
* where San Francisco meets The Peninsula *
* and the San Andreas Fault meets the Sea *
Re: Changes to our CO2 emissions levels
"Dave"
11 Jul 97 22:34:46 GMT
> > We depend upon a web of life for our survival. Eliminating a few
> > species from the web weakens the web, but does not collapse it.
>
> Lon. I think the minimum web necessary for human survival is so
> parsinamonious that I can hardly imagine that we will reach that point
> without deliberate action. I think the web is beautiful and has great
> untapped riches, and frankly I do not want my children living in an ugly
> and empoverished ecosystem. Overstated, this case just makes us sound
> like silly doomsayers, eh? I think we should speak carefully so our
> words have more weight.
>
I think it's a complicated question. If you overstate the case you invite
disproof and play right into the hands of those, like oil companies, car
companies, timber companies, etc. who say the only choice is between
things as they are and a drastically changed lifestyle, when in many cases
dramatic environmental improvements could be made without huge disruptions
to most people. On the other hand it's not appropriate to treat a desire
for the continued existence of wilderness areas, relatively intact
ecosystems and biodiversity as esthetic preferences or a choice of
entertainments. It also should not be overlooked that in many instances
"ecological values" have great economic value as well, to society as a
whole if not to a specific industry or pressure group.
Re: Trees don't make Oxygen , ocean does
dhogaza@pacifier.com (Don Baccus)
11 Jul 1997 13:24:47 GMT
In article ,
Rick Troendle wrote:
>On 8 Jul 1997, Lloyd R. Parker wrote:
>:I have -- it's government control of the means of production and
>:distribution. Nazi Germany was quite capitalistic -- Speer, for example,
>:owned a huge armament industry. Of course, you use socialism to mean
>:whatever you don't like.......
>Talk about the pot calling the kettle black. You are right Speer owned a
>huge armament industry
Speer didn't own a huge armament industry, he was an architect who caught
Hitler's interest and later became the Minister who directed production.
However, the armaments and various other industries were privately
owned. Production targets were centralized during the war - just like
they were here in the United States.
>Okay, the government of Nazi Germany did not bother to
>offically take over the industry of Germany, but like your definition
>says: govenment control of means and production.
The government only partially controlled industry, and did so less effectively
than the US government controlled the output of US industry, which is one
reason why we won the war.
>You really believe that
>Hilter and the nazi's did not control the means and production in Germany.
>Please.
OK. Speer complained during and after the war that the German economy was
not fully mobilized (i.e. controlled), unlike that of Britain and the US.
In other words, too large a segment of industry was left out of the war
industries in order to maintain a flow of consumer goods. As the war went
on, Speer succeeded in increasing mobilization but was continuously faced
by opposition that the citizens of the Third Reich deserved better. Among
other things, this resulted in relatively few women working in heavy industry
to free male workers for military service.
As dictatorships go, Hitler's Germany was remarkably inefficient.
--
- Don Baccus, Portland OR
Nature photos, on-line guides, at http://donb.photo.net
ChemExpo News for the week of July 14, 1997
Jkarlovitch@turnaround.com (Jeff Karlovitch)
Fri, 11 Jul 1997 17:32:28 -0500
ChemExpo News for the week of July 14, 1997
Visit ChemExpo (http://www.chemexpo.com, the chemical industry's most
up-to-date source of news and information for the chemical industry.
This week's highlights include:
* UK Chemicals Hit by Strong Pound
Growth of the UK chemical industry is
slowing because of a sharp appreciation
in the worth of the pound. This development
presages problems that could develop for
the European industry when European Union's
single-currency scheme goes into effect.
* Chirex Acquires Glaxo Plant
In a deal that reflects Glaxo's recent sale
of a cGMP facility in the US, the company has
agreed to sell a pharmaceutical plant in Scotland
to Chirex while contracting for up to $450
million of pharmaceutical intermediates from
the Wellesley, Mass.-based manufacturer.
Other Current Developments:
* Batch chemical makers hope for easier regulatory climate.
* JLM Industries plans offer of stock on Nasdaq exchange.
* Lysine production capacity scheduled for construction.
* Huntsman aims at amines in Europe.
* Air regulation is targeted in the House. US Rep.
* Eastman slates a custom chemical plant.
* Sasol moves in US mining explosives market.
This Weeks Chemical Profile
* ACRYLONITRILE
Full text articles are available at http://www.chemexpo.com. There is no cost
to access this information. All information (c) 1997 Schnell Publishing and
ChemExpo.
ChemExpo Tip: Check the show floor to search a ChemExpo's database of more
than 20,000 products and 2,000 companies.
Re: CR-39 plastic source?
Uncle Al
Fri, 11 Jul 1997 08:12:13 -0700
Will Kriegsman wrote:
>
> In one of the labs in Holt's Visualizing Matter text, they refer to using
> CR-39 plastic strips to produce alpha traks from airborne radon. There
> are plenty of references to it on the internet, but we can't find a source
> to buy it from. The one listed in the Holt book has also been difficult
> to get a hold of. Does anyone know of a good source for this material?
>
> Apparently, it's used in personal dosimeters. According to the lab, it is
> easily developed in 6.25M NaOH solution and produces little black marks
> that can be observed under a low power microscope. The plastic is also
> used in making glasses and sunglasses.
The monomer is available from Aldrich but it is something of a pain to polymerize
properly (diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate is a standard initiator. The stuff
explodes at room temp).
A very large CR-39 fabricator is Optical Radiation Corporation in Azusa, CA.
Look it up in http://www.thomasregister.com/ or in the Chemcyclopedia
(http://www.search.com/)
--
Alan "Uncle Al" Schwartz
UncleAl0@ix.netcom.com ("zero" before @)
uncleal@uvic.ca (to 30 July, cAsE-sensitive!)
http://www.ultra.net.au/~wisby/uncleal.htm
(Toxic URL! Unsafe for children, Democrats, and most mammals)
"Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?" The Net!
Re: Global Worries: Abandon meat production!
"Steve Spence"
Fri, 11 Jul 1997 18:29:54 -0400
If you didn't snip everything, you would see I was refering to this comment
">Oh, and by the way, it's poor imagination that can believe that meat
gives
>people more energy. At best, you can hope that meat provides you with large
>quantities of energy in the form of fat around your waist. As for energy
>you can actually use, meat is a very poor source.
>
"
--
Steve Spence
sspence@sequeltech.com
Http://www.sequeltech.com
SteveSpence@worldnet.att.net
Http://www.areaairduct.com/spence
MSMVP, MSDN, ClubIE
BetaID# 254651
____________________________________
Toe wrote in article ...
>
>In article <5q5iu0$sib@mtinsc02.worldnet.att.net>, "Steve Spence"
> wrote:
>
>> Are you including fish & chicken? I doubt your knowledge on the subject!
>
>To what do you refer? Death is death.
>
>
>
> Toe! ("`-/")_.-'"``-._
> \ . . `; -._ )-;-,_`)
> (v_,)' _ )`-.\ ``-'
> _.- _..-_/ / ((.'
> ((,.-' ((,/
>epastore@erols.com
>
>
Re: smallest chiral organic molecule
Eric Lucas
Fri, 11 Jul 1997 18:28:11 -0400
That is irrelevant. I, and everyone else that knows what they're
talking about, knows that tetrahedral carbon does not undergo inversion
in the absence of some sort of appropriate catalysis (radical or
superacid for unactivated sites, base for sites activated by an adjacent
conjugative electron-withdrawing group.) Read the damn Gladysz paper on
chiral methyl groups.
As a piece of related evidence of which I *do* have firsthand
experience: take the NMR spectrum of the ethyl ester of a chiral acid
(for example, diethyl tartrate.) Look at the O-CH2-Me resonances.
Notice I said resonance*s*. If that methylene carbon were inverting as
you say it should, those two protons would be equilibrated and show only
one resonance. As it is, they are *not* equilibrating, and you see two
doublets of quartets for the diastereotopic O-CH2-Me protons.
Eric Lucas
Richard Mateles wrote:
>
> So, ahve you had any optically active compound?
>
> Eric Lucas wrote in article
> <33C5799B.665D@ix.netcom.com>...
> > Richard Mateles wrote:
> > >
> > > They can, and do, exchange places! Have you ever collected any
> D-CHDFT? Or
> > > L-CHDFT?
> >
> >
> > And by exactly what mechanism do you propose they change places? You'd
> > do well to know what the hell you're talking about before you tell
> > someone else they're wrong. See a paper in the early 80s by John
> > Gladysz on the synthesis and properties of chiral acetic acid,
> > HDTC-CO2H.
> >
> > Eric Lucas
> >
Re: naming the elements ; Archimedes Plutonium files 102-103
Archimedes.Plutonium@dartmouth.edu (Archimedes Plutonium)
11 Jul 1997 19:14:01 GMT
In article <33C5E96E.7D13@pacbell.net> Ed Price
writes:
>Arky:
>
> Thus far, I have been generally heckling and
>putting you down, though perhaps somewhat
>sarcastic, in my reply posts. However, your recent
>tactics are becoming very annoying and so I will
>not do the mature thing and not reply to your posts.
> So, Arky, can you please guide me in the stock market
>like the time you bought Syntex for 13 a share and a
>month later sold it at 24 a share. At the time I was
>in debt and living hand-to-mouth in a shopping cart
>in San Francisco.
No, Ed Price, I need fools like you to exploit. How else can I bypass
the cancellors and get my science work archived. I appreciate a little
fool
like you Ed, for you are there to exploit.
file 102
The Definitive Naming of all of the Chemical
Elements and Isotopes, elements 1-50
Naming all the isotopes
by Archimedes Plutonium
1 of 4 files
Note that I have just started to post these naming lists. I had posted
many various versions to
Internet sci.chem starting 1993 but never completed and with drastic
changes. There I tried to do the
naming with famous people in physics, math, engineering, biology,
chemistry. I have abandoned
that scheme and replaced it with a purely life taxonomy scheme. My idea
is basically to name all the
isotopes. Keeping the old names up to plutonium and adding a new symbol
that of the percent sign
"%" so as to immediately recognize an isotope or element from all other
words in languages. The
elements are stable isotopes and they have the same name except they
have the percentage of
relative cosmic abundance.
Starting with 5@2, the naming follows taxonomy or the Linnaeus
classification of life using
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species and subspecies. I
may have difficulty with all
the branchings. Apparently there is no www site which gives a taxonomy
listing of life and would
aid my project. So in summary I plan to overlap taxonomy with the
isotopes for names.
The naming of all the chemical elements and isotopes has been a long
and tedious project for me,
but it has helped me arriving at Hyasys= strong nuclear force theory.
Thus, I do not really care how
much time I have spent on this project for it has already paid-off in
helping me on strong nuclear
force theory. And somehow I speculate that the linking of life
classification with the naming of the
isotopes may lead to some futher theoretical fruit.
1@0 neutron
1@1 hydrogen100%ium
2@1 deuter%ium
3@1 trit%ium
3@2 solaris%ium
4@2 hel100%ium
5@2
6@2
7@2
8@2
9@2
Note: it was not coincidence that the Greek word for sun Hel' is the
same as the word Hel' of PLuto, i.e. plutonium.
5@3
6@3 lith7.5%ium
7@3 lith92.5%ium
8@3
9@3
10@3
11@3
kingdom%m prokaryotae%m
phylum%m schizophyta%m
cyanophyta%m
protista%m
protozoa%m class%m mastigophora%m trichonympha%m trypanosoma%m
sarcodina%m
ciliophora%m parameciu%m stentor%m sporozoa%m plasmodiu%m
euglenophyta%m
chrysophyta%m bacillariophyceae%m
chrysophyceae%m
pyrrophyta%m dinophyceae%m
xanthophyta%m
chlorophyta%m
phaeophyta%m
rhodophyta%m
gymnomycota%m myxomycetes%m acrasiomycetes%m
protostelidomycetes%m
fungi%m eukarotic%m oomycetes%m zygomycetes%m ascomycetes%m
basidiomycetes%m imperfecti%m penicilli%um
plantae%m photosynthesis%m
bryophyta%m hepaticae%m antherocerotae%m musci%m
tracheophyta%m subphylu%m lycophytina%m sphenophytina%m equiset%um
pterophytina%m filicineae%m coniferinae%m cycadinae%m ginkgoinae%m
angiospermae%m dicotyledonae%m monocotyledonae%m
abelmoschus%m acer%m acerginnala%m acerglabr%m acermaplesyrup%m
acerrubr%m acersacchar%m acersucchor%m actinidia%m aegilops%m
alectryon%m allium%m alliumcepa%m alliumodor%m alliumsativ%m
alliumtuberos%m amaranthus%m amelanchier%m ampelopras%m
anacardbrazil%m anacardhybrid%m anacardiu%m anacardmoccid%m ananas%m
ananascomosus%m aneth%m angelic%m annoma%m annona%m anthemis%m
anthriscus%m apiumgraveol%m arachis%m arachisargentina%m
arachisargentinz%m arachisbolivia%m arachisboliviax%m
arachishybrid%m arachishypog%m arachisjumbo%m arachismalaysia%m
arachisred%m arachisspanish%m arachisvalencia%m arachisvirginia%m
arbutus%m arctumlappa%m armoracia%m armoraciarust%m artemisiadrac%m
artocarpus%m asimina%m asiminpawpaw%m asimintrilob%m asparagus%m
asparagushybrid%m asparagusoffic%m atriplex%m avena%m avenasativa%m
averrhoa%m avocado%m avocadobravo%m bambusa%m bambusabamboo%m
bambusabeechey%m bambusaglaucesc%m bambusaoldhami%m batabeet%m
bertholettexcels%m bertholettia%m beta%m betavulgaris%m betula%m
betulalenta%m borago%m boragooffic%m brassica%m brassicaalba%m
brassicablack%m brassicabotryt%m brassicacampestr%m brassicajunc%m
brassicanapus%m brassicaoleacep%m brassicaolebotr%m brassicaolecap%m
brassicahybrid%m brassicaolegem%m brassicaolegon%m
brassicaoleracea%m brassicarappek%m brassicarapras%m brassicmeditera%m
brassicmediteran%m camellia%m camelliasinens%m capparis%m
capparispinos%m capsicum%m capsicumbell%m capsicumcherr%m
capsicumjalapen%m
carica%m caricapapaya%m carissa%m carissaflora%m carum%m carumcarv%m
carya%m caryaillinois%m caryalacinios%m caryamisisipi%m caryaovata%m
casimiroedulis%m castanea%m castaneadent%m castaneamoll%m
castaneasativ%m
ceratoniacarob%m ceratoniasiliq%m chamaemal%m cicer%m cicerarietin%m
cicerbean%m cichorendiv%m cichorintyb%m citrullus%m citrullushybrid%m
citrulluslanat%m citrullusmelon%m citrus%m citrusarizon%m
citrusaurant%m
citrusclementin%m citruseustis%m citrusfortun%m citrusgrapefruit%m
citrushybrid%m citrusjuice%m citruslemon%m citruslime%m citruslimon%m
citrusmandarin%m citrusmargarit%m citrusmaxim%m citrusmedica%m
citrusmediteran%m citrusmediteranx%m citrusmitis%m
citrusnavel%m citrusneindia%m citrusorange%m citrusparadis%m
citruspomelo%m citrusreticul%m citrusruby%m citrusschina%m
citrusshaddock%m citrussinenis%m citrustangelo%m citrustangerin%m
citrustemple%m citrusvalenc%m coccolobaunif%m cocos%m cocosnucifera%m
coriandr%m corylus%m corylusameric%m corylusavellan%m
corylusbarcelon%m
coryluseurop%m corylushazelnuss%m corylusmaxim%m corylusoregon%m
corylusroyal%m corylusturkey%m coryluswashingt%m crataegusazarol%m
crocussativus%m cucumis%m cucumismelo%m cucumissativus%m cucurbita%m
cucurbitamelo%m cucurbitapepo%m cumincymin%m curcumadomest%m
cydoniaoblong%m cynara%m cynaracardunc%m cynarascolym%m cyphomandra%m
daucus%m
daucusasia%m
daucuscarot%m
daucusmediteran%m
diospyros%m
diospyroskak%m
diospyrosvirginia%m
dolichos%m
dolichoslablab%m
eleocharisdulc%m
eriobotryajapon%m
eugenia%m
eugenuniflora%m
fagopyr%m
fagopyresculent%m
fagusbeechnut%m
faguseurop%m
fagusgrandiflora%m
fagususa%m
feijoasellow%m
ficus%m
ficuscaric%m
foenicul%m
foeniculazor%m
foeniculvulgar%m
fortunellmargar%m
fragaralexand%m
fragaralpin%m
fragarananassa%m
fragarbaron%m
fragarberries%m
fragarflorens%m
fragargarden%m
fragarguardian%m
fragarhybrid%m
fragaria%m
fragarparis%m
fragarrugen%m
fragarsemper%m
fragarsequoia%m
fragarshasta%m
fragarsolemacher%m
fragarsunrise%m
fragarsurecrop%m
fragaryellow%m
fraisedesbois%m
galumodorat%m
gaulther%m
gaultherprocumb%m
gautheriashallon%m
gleditsia%m
glycine%m
glycinemax%m
glycinesoybean%m
glycyrrhiza%m
glycyrrhizglab%m
helianthann%m
helianthus%m
helianthustuber%m
hibiscus%m
hordeumagriocrit%m
hordeumdistich%m
hordeumegypt%m
hordeumegypt%m
hordeumspontane%m
hordeumswiss%m
hordeumvulgar%m
humuluslupul%m
ipomoea%m
ipomoeax%m
ipomoeabatata%m
ipomoeabatatax%m
juglans%m
juglansambassador%m
juglansappalach%m
juglansblack%m
juglanscarpath%m
juglansciner%m
juglanshansen%m
juglanshinds%m
ruthen18.6%m
juglansjove%m
juglansjupiter%m
juglansmisisip%m
juglanspersia%m
juglansregia%m
juglanswalnut%m
juniperus%m
juniperusberry%m
lactuca%m
lactucasativ%m
laurus%m
laurusnobil%m
lens%m
lensx%m
lensculinar%m
levisticoffic%m
litch%m
litchichina%m
lotus%m
lotustetragonolo%m
lycopersace%m
lycopersbigboy%m
lycopersesculent%m
lycopershybrid%m
lycopersicon%m
lycoperslycopers%m
lycoperspatio%m
lycoperspixie%m
lycopersred%m
lycopersyellow%m
malus%m
malusdelicious%m
malusdolgo%m
malusgranny%m
malusgravenst%m
malushybrid%m
malusjonathan%m
malusliberty%m
malusmcintosh%m
malusnorthspy%m
maluspippin%m
maluspriscilla%m
malusrome%m
malusstarkred%m
malustranscend%m
mangifera%m
mangiferamango%m
mangiferindic%m
mangiferpaisley%m
manihot%m
manihotbrazil%m
manihotesculent%m
marrubum%m
marrubumvulgar%m
matricarchamomil%m
matricarrecutita%m
melissaofficin%m
mentha%m
menthapeppermint%m
menthaspearmint%m
mespilusgermanic%m
momordcharant%m
momordfoogwa%m
momordica%m
monardadidyma%m
morus%m
morusalba%m
morusblack%m
musa%m
musabanana%m
musaplantain%m
musasapient%m
musasia%m
nasturtumoffic%m
nelumbonucifer%m
nepetacatar%m
nopalea%m
nopaleacochen%m
nopaleadeject%m
nopalpricklycact%m
ocimum%m
ocimumbasil%m
ocimumminim%m
olea%m
oleaeuropa%m
oleagreece%m
oleamission%m
oleaolive%m
opuntfigindia%m
opunthumifus%m
opuntia%m
opuntiaengelmann%m
opuntphaeacanth%m
opuntpricklycact%m
origanmarjoram%m
origanum%m
origanvulgar%m
oryza%m
oryzachina%m
oryzaindia%m
oryzaindochina%m
oryzarice%m
oryzasativ%m
pachymexipotato%m
pachyrhiztuberos%m
pachyrhizus%m
passiflora%m
pastinaca%m
pastinacsativ%m
pelargoniu%m
persea%m
perseaamerica%m
perseaavocado%m
perseaguatemal%m
perseamexican%m
petroselcrisp%m
petroselin%m
petroselneapolit%m
phaseolus%m
phaseolusx%m
phaseolusbean%m
phaseolushumil%m
phaseoluslimen%m
phaseolusvulgar%m
phoenix%m
phoenixdactylfer%m
phylloaurosulcat%m
phyllospubescens%m
phyllostacbamboo%m
phyllostacedulis%m
phyllostachaurea%m phyllostachdulcis%m
phyllostachvirid%m
phyllostachys%m
physalis%m
physalixocarp%m
physalpruinosa%m
pimpinellanise%m
pinus%m
pinusx%m
pinuscembra%m
pinuscembroid%m
pinusedulis%m
pinusengelmann%m
pinusitalian%m
pinuskoraiensis%m
pinusmexican%m
pinusmonophylla%m
pinuspinea%m
pinuspinon%m
pinussabinian%m
pistacia%m
pistacianut%m
pistaciavera%m
pisum%m
pisummacrocarpon%m
pisumpea%m
animalia%m ingesti%um
porifera%m
coelenterata%m hydrozoa%m hydra%m obelia%m scyphozoa%m aurelia%m
anthozoa%m
ctenophora%m
platyhelminthes%m turbellaria%m trematoda%m cestoidea%m
rhynchocoela%m
nematoda%m
acanthocephala%m
chaetognatha%m
nematomorpha%m
rotifera%m
gastrotricha%m
bryozoa%m
brachiopoda%m
phoronidea%m
annelida%m archiannelida%m polychaeta%m oligochaeta%m hirudinea%m
mollusca%m amphineura%m pelecypoda%m scaphopoda%m gastropoda%m
cephalopoda%m nautilus%m
arthropoda%m merostomata%m crustacea%m arachnida%m onychophora%m
insecta%m chilopoda%m diplopoda%m
echinodermata%m crinoidea%m asteroidae%m ophiuroidea%m echinoidea%m
holothuroidea%m
hemichordata%m
chordata%m tunicata%m cephalochordata%m branchiostoma%m
vertebrata%m agnatha%m chondrichthyes%m osteichthyes%m amphibia%m
reptilia%m aves%m mammalia%m prototheria%m metatheria%m eutheria%m
insectivora%m
edentata%m
rodentia%m
artiodactyla%m
perissodactyla%m
proboscidea%m
lagomorpha%m
sirenia%m
carnivora%m
cetacea%m
chiroptera%m
primates%m
6@4
7@4
8@4
9@4 beryll100%ium
10@4
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7@5
8@5
9@5
10@5 boron19.9%ium
11@5 boron80.1%ium
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8@6
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12@6 carbon98.9%ium
13@6 carbon1.1%ium
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12@7
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14@7 nitrogen99.6%ium
15@7 nitrogen.3%ium
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12@8
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16@8 oxygen99.7%ium
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18@8 oxygen.2%ium
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15@9
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19@9 fluorine100%ium
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16@10
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18@10
19@10
20@10 neon90.4%ium
21@10 neon.2%ium
22@10 neon9.2%ium
23@10
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19@11
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23@11 sodium100%ium
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24@12 magnes78.9%ium
25@12 magnes10%ium
26@12 magnes11%ium
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22@13
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27@13 alumin100%ium
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35@13
36@13
22@14
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28@14 silicon92.2%ium
29@14 silicon4.6%ium
30@14 silicon3.1%ium
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35@14
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31@15 phosphorus100%ium
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29@16
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32@16 sulfur95%ium
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31@17
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35@17 chlorine75.7%ium
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37@17 chlorine24.2%ium
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31@18
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36@18 argon.3%ium
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40@18 argon99.6%ium
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39@19 potass93.2%ium
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45@21 scand100%ium
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46@22 titan8%ium
47@22 titan7.3%ium
48@22 titan73.8%ium
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50@23 vanad.2%ium
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50@24 chrom4.3%ium
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55@25 manganese100%ium
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54@26 iron5.9%ium
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56@26 iron91.7%ium
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59@27 cobalt100%ium
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58@28 nickel68%ium
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69@31 gall60.1%ium
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70@32 german21.2%ium
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79@35 bromine50.6%ium
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78@36 krypton.3%ium
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82@36 krypton11.6%ium
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86@36 krypton17.3%ium
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85@37 rubid72.1%ium
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84@38 stront.5%ium
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86@38 stront9.8%ium
87@38 stront7.0%ium
88@38 stront82.5%ium
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89@39 yttri100%ium
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90@40 zircon51.4%ium
91@40 zircon11.2%ium
92@40 zircon17.1%ium
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94@40 zircon17.3%ium
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96@40 zircon2.8%ium
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93@41 niob100%ium
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92@42 molybden14.8%ium
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94@42 molybden9.2%ium
95@42 molybden15.9%ium
96@42 molybden16.6%ium
97@42 molybden9.5%ium
98@42 molybden24.1%ium
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100@42 molybden9.6%ium
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98@43 technet100%ium
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96@44 ruthen5.5%ium
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98@44 ruthen1.8%ium
99@44 ruthen12.7%ium
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101@44 ruthen17.1%ium
102@44 ruthen31.6%ium
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103@45 rhod100%ium
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102@46 pallad1%ium
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107@47 silver51.8%ium
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106@48 cadmi.8%ium
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file 103
The Definitive Naming of all of the Chemical
Elements and Isotopes, elements 51-100
by Archimedes Plutonium
2 of 4 files
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146@60 neodymi17.1%ium
147@60
148@60 neodymi5.7%ium
149@60
150@60 neodymi5.6%ium
151@60
152@60
153@60
154@60
155@60
156@60
130@61
132@61
133@61
134@61
135@61
136@61
137@61
138@61
139@61
140@61
141@61
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144@61
145@61 prometh100%ium
146@61
147@61
148@61
149@61
150@61
151@61
152@61
153@61
154@61
155@61
156@61
157@61
158@61
131@62
133@62
134@62
135@62
136@62
137@62
138@62
139@62
140@62
141@62
142@62
143@62
144@62 samar3.1%ium
145@62
146@62
147@62 samar15%ium
148@62 samar11.3%ium
149@62 samar13.8%ium
150@62 samar7.4%ium
151@62
152@62 samar26.7%ium
153@62
154@62 samar22.7%ium
155@62
156@62
157@62
158@62
159@62
160@62
134@63
135@63
136@63
137@63
138@63
139@63
140@63
141@63
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144@63
145@63
146@63
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148@63
149@63
150@63
151@63 europ47.8%ium
152@63
153@63 europ52.2%ium
154@63
155@63
156@63
157@63
158@63
159@63
160@63
161@63
162@63
137@64
139@64
140@64
141@64
142@64
143@64
144@64
145@64
146@64
147@64
148@64
149@64
150@64
151@64
152@64 gadolin.2%ium
153@64
154@64 gadolin2.1%ium
155@64 gadolin14.8%ium
156@64 gadolin20.4%ium
157@64 gadolin15.6%ium
158@64 gadolin24.8%ium
159@64
160@64 gadolin21.8%ium
161@64
162@64
163@64
164@64
140@65
141@65
142@65
143@65
144@65
145@65
146@65
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148@65
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154@65
155@65
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157@65
158@65
159@65 terb100%ium
160@65
161@65
162@65
163@65
164@65
165@65
141@66
142@66
143@66
144@66
145@66
146@66
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148@66
149@66
150@66
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152@66
153@66
154@66
155@66
156@66
157@66
158@66 dyspros.1%ium
159@66
160@66 dyspros2.3%ium
161@66 dyspros18.9%ium
162@66 dyspros25.5%ium
163@66 dyspros24.9%ium
164@66 dyspros28.2%ium
165@66
166@66
167@66
168@66
169@66
144@67
145@67
146@67
147@67
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149@67
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154@67
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159@67
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163@67
164@67
165@67 holm100%ium
166@67
167@67
168@67
169@67
170@67
171@67
172@67
147@68
148@68
149@68
150@68
151@68
152@68
153@68
154@68
155@68
156@68
157@68
158@68
159@68
160@68
161@68
162@68 erb.1%ium
163@68
164@68 erb1.6%ium
165@68
166@68 erb33.6%ium
167@68 erb22.9%ium
168@68 erb26.8%ium
169@68
170@68 erb14.9%ium
171@68
172@68
173@68
174@68
147@69
148@69
149@69
150@69
151@69
152@69
153@69
154@69
155@69
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158@69
159@69
160@69
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162@69
163@69
164@69
165@69
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167@69
168@69
169@69 thul100%ium
170@69
171@69
172@69
173@69
174@69
175@69
176@69
151@70
152@70
153@70
154@70
155@70
156@70
157@70
158@70
159@70
160@70
161@70
162@70
163@70
164@70
165@70
166@70
167@70
168@70 ytterb.1%ium
169@70
170@70 ytterb3%ium
171@70 ytterb14.3%ium
172@70 ytterb21.9%ium
173@70 ytterb16.1%ium
174@70 ytterb31.8%ium
175@70
176@70 ytterb12.7%ium
177@70
178@70
179@70
180@70
151@71
153@71
154@71
155@71
156@71
157@71
158@71
159@71
160@71
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166@71
167@71
168@71
169@71
170@71
171@71
172@71
173@71
174@71
175@71 lutet97.4%ium
176@71 lutet2.5%ium
177@71
178@71
179@71
180@71
181@71
182@71
183@71
154@72
155@72
156@72
157@72
158@72
159@72
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161@72
162@72
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164@72
165@72
166@72
167@72
168@72
169@72
170@72
171@72
172@72
173@72
174@72 hafni.1%ium
175@72
176@72 hafni5.2%ium
177@72 hafni18.6%ium
178@72 hafni27.2%ium
179@72 hafni13.6%ium
180@72 hafni35.1%ium
181@72
182@72
183@72
184@72
156@73
157@73
158@73
159@73
160@73
161@73
162@73
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176@73
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180@73
181@73 tantalum100%ium
182@73
183@73
184@73
185@73
186@73
158@74
159@74
160@74
161@74
162@74
163@74
164@74
165@74
166@74
167@74
168@74
169@74
170@74
171@74
172@74
173@74
174@74
175@74
176@74
177@74
178@74
179@74
180@74 tungsten.1%ium
181@74
182@74 tungsten26.3%ium
183@74 tungsten14.2%ium
184@74 tungsten30.7%ium
185@74
186@74 tungsten28.6%ium
187@74
188@74
189@74
190@74
161@75
162@75
163@75
164@75
165@75
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168@75
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179@75
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183@75
184@75
185@75 rhen37.4%ium
186@75
187@75 rhen62.6%ium
188@75
189@75
190@75
191@75
192@75
162@76
163@76
164@76
165@76
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185@76
186@76 osmi1.5%ium
187@76 osmi1.6%ium
188@76 osmi13.3%ium
189@76 osmi16.1%ium
190@76 osmi26.4%ium
191@76
192@76 osmi41%ium
193@76
194@76
195@76
196@76
166@77
167@77
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169@77
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190@77
191@77 irid37.3%ium
192@77
193@77 irid62.7%ium
194@77
195@77
196@77
197@77
198@77
168@78
169@78
170@78
171@78
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183@78
184@78
185@78
186@78
187@78
188@78
189@78
190@78
191@78
192@78 platin.7%ium
193@78
194@78 platin32.9%ium
195@78 platin33.8%ium
196@78 platin25.3%ium
197@78
198@78 platin7.2%ium
199@78
200@78
201@78
173@79
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197@79 gold100%ium
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196@80 mercury.1%ium
197@80
198@80 mercury9.9%ium
199@80 mercury16.8%ium
200@80 mercury23.1%ium
201@80 mercury13.1%ium
202@80 mercury29.8%ium
203@80
204@80 mercury6.8%ium
205@80
206@80
207@80
179@81
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182@81
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203@81 thall29.5%ium
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205@81 thall70.4%ium
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182@82
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184@82
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204@82 lead1.4%ium
205@82
206@82 lead24.1%ium
207@82 lead22.1%ium
208@82 lead52.4%ium
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212@82
213@82
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187@83
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209@83 bismuth100%ium
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192@84
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209@84 polon100%ium
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218@84
196@85
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210@85 astatine100%ium
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222@86 radon100%ium
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223@87 franc100%ium
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206@88
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226@88 rad100%ium
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209@89
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227@89 actin100%ium
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232@90 thor100%ium
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215@91
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222@91
223@91
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231@91 protoactin100%ium
232@91
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236@91
237@91
238@91
222@92
223@92
224@92
225@92
226@92
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234@92
235@92 uran.7%ium
236@92
237@92
238@92 uran99.2%ium
239@92
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242@92
226@93
227@93
228@93
229@93
230@93
231@93
232@93
233@93
234@93
235@93
236@93
237@93 neptun100%ium
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240@93
241@93
242@93
230@94 atomuniverse%m
231@94 atomtotality%m
232@94 atomeng%m
233@94 atomsci%m
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238@94 pluton.1%ium
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244@94 pluton.9%ium
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246@94 atomelec%m
232@95
233@95
234@95
237@95
238@95
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240@95
241@95 hades%ium
242@95
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242@96 dis%ium
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245@97 persephone%ium
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239@98
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248@98 proserpina%ium
249@98
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250@99 ceres%ium
251@99
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256@99
242@100
243@100
244@100
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246@100
247@100
248@100
249@100
250@100
251@100
252@100 demeter%ium
253@100
254@100
255@100
256@100
257@100
258@100
259@100
pisumsativ%m
poterumsangu%m
prunus%m
prunusapricos%m
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ziziphusjujuba%m
