Newsgroup sci.environment 105861

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Subject: Re: Major problem with climate predictions -- From: jwas@ix.netcom.com(jw)
Subject: Re: The Gax Tax (Again!) -- From: James Michael
Subject: Re: Aviation Fuels - was Re: electric vehicles -- From: Jason
Subject: Headwaters Ancient Forest Logging to Begin 10/8 -- From: whs@uclink4.berkeley.edu (Will Satterthwaite)
Subject: Re: "Wildlife are a resource" (was Re: Mike V's MTB fetish ....?????) -- From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Subject: Re: Asbestos in Car brakes -- From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Subject: Re: Center for Environmental Research -- From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Subject: Re: CFCs and ozone (was: Freon R12 is Safe) -- From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Subject: Re: Julian Simon to speak at Stanford Oct. 17 -- From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Subject: Re: Major problem with climate predictions -- From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Subject: Re: Major problem with climate predictions -- From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Subject: Re: Major problem with climate predictions -- From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Subject: Re: Major problem with climate predictions -- From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Subject: Re: Major problem with climate predictions -- From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Subject: Re: Major problem with climate predictions -- From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Subject: Re: Major problem with climate predictions -- From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Subject: Re: Major problem with climate predictions -- From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Subject: Re: Major problem with climate predictions -- From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Subject: Re: time sensative request -- From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Subject: Re: More on Tragedy of the Commons -- From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Subject: Re: oil seepage from tanks -- From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Subject: Re: Residential woodsmoke -- From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Subject: Re: time sensative request -- From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)

Articles

Subject: Re: Major problem with climate predictions
From: jwas@ix.netcom.com(jw)
Date: 8 Oct 1996 05:19:24 GMT
In <532ki9$7u8_006@leeds.ac.uk> CDS4AW@leeds.ac.uk (A. Whitworth)
writes: 
>
>>Yes, that is exactly what I am saying.  As I recall the 
>global high
>>temperature of 136 degrees in Death Valley has been standing 
>for
>>decades.  Was matched once a few years ago.  Now, where were 
>those
>>extremes you mentioned?  Be sure to include in your data the
>>mini-ice-age of the mid-19th century, oh and the one that 
>occured some
>>300 years ago, lasting for decades.  Gee, haven't seen 
>anything like
>>those *natural* occurances in this century, now have we?
>
>Try living in Britain, mate. Our weather is starting to get 
>completely f***ed. 
Was there ever an age when people were not saying that?
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Subject: Re: The Gax Tax (Again!)
From: James Michael
Date: 8 Oct 1996 05:09:43 GMT
This posting was incorrectly attributed to me; I'm responsible for none 
of it.  Thank you.
Jim Michael
jmichael@cts.com
mwgoodman@igc.apc.org (Mark W. Goodman) wrote:
>In article <535smt$pc9@Mars.mcs.com>, synergy@MCS.COM (synergy) wrote:
>
>> James Michael  writes:
>> 
>> >jim blair  wrote:
>> >>The Gas Tax Again!
>> >[stuff deleted]
>> 
>> >>The current gas tax collects approximately one billion dollars per year, 
>> >>for
>> >>each penny per gallon of tax. That means that rather than discussing a 
>> >>CUT
>> >>of 4.3 cents, we should be discussing a 20 cent per gallon INCREASE just
>> >>to pay for road repair. And it adds evidence to my claim that the US
>> >>provides a massive subsidy to cars and trucks. See the web page for 
>> >>details.
>> 
>> Wrong!  The correct thing to do is to stop subsidizing all mass transit
>> scams and use the money saved to pay for road construction and maintenance.
>> Then, once the transit scams have been eliminated or privatized, the gas
>> tax should be eliminated and replaced with a user fee system that measures
>> each motor vehicles' use of roads in a given area and then factors
>> in each vehicles weight to arrive at a fair usage fee.  We have the
>> technology to do this on a very cost effective basis right now, but
>> the LOOT-scum train-brains would fight such a fair proposal tooth and
>> nail, because they know that transit can't compete with roads if
>> neither are subsidized.
>> 
>Wrong yourself.  I assume that you are failing to take into account the
>"external costs" of driving versus public transit.  These are costs like
>health costs of air pollution and economic costs of climate change, which
>driving imposes on the rest of society rather than on the person doing the
>driving.  These costs are much higher for cars on roads than for mass
>transit.  This is what makes mass transit subsidies and punitive gas taxes
>economically rational, and makes the simple-minded libertarian argument
>fall apart, once again.
>> 
>> -- 
>> 
>> Annoy a Fascist: Just Say NO! to gun control.
>> 
>> "Much is made of the 'haves' and 'have-nots'; little is said of the
>> 'dos' and 'do-nots.'" 
>>         -- Thomas Sowell.
>> 
>> "Government doesn't work."
>>         -- Harry Browne, Libertarian Presidential Candidate
>> 
>
>-- 
>Mark W. Goodman
>mwgoodman@igc.apc.prg
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Subject: Re: Aviation Fuels - was Re: electric vehicles
From: Jason
Date: 8 Oct 1996 05:27:10 GMT
     BTW Bruce 
     EtOH is ethanol
     MeOH is methanol
     H     
      \
       C=O is formaldehyde
      /  
     H
     But a very interesting post!
     Did you know jet fuel at first was very cheap because it 
was a fraction nobody wanted.
     Now, many different grades of jet fuel are used.  Partly 
because they are required by design.  However, the advantagve 
is this allows alot of other hydrocarbons to be used in certain 
grades to bulk up the volume and alter the grade properties.   
     Additional grades also help to use up unwanted fractions 
by mixing.
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Subject: Headwaters Ancient Forest Logging to Begin 10/8
From: whs@uclink4.berkeley.edu (Will Satterthwaite)
Date: Mon, 07 Oct 1996 22:39:41 -0700
Forwarding the following from EPIC
-will (NOT an EPIC spokesperson)
   EMERGENCY ACTION ALERT   €   EMERGENCY ACTION ALERT
EPIC € The Environmental Protection Information Center 
PO Box 397, Garberville CA 95542
(707) 923-2931 € fax (707) 923-4210 € 
http://www.humnat.org/epic/ € epic@igc.apc.org
October 7, 1996
LOGGING IN HEADWATERS' ANCIENT GROVES STARTS TUESDAY
The Pacific Lumber Company notified the California Department of 
Forestry (CDF) today that they intend to begin salvage logging operations 
in the ancient groves of Headwaters Forest beginning Tuesday, October 8.  
Despite the agreement announced September 28, four of Headwaters' six 
ancient groves remain vulnerable to salvage logging.
Under an exemption to the California Forest Practice Rules, timber 
companies can "salvage" trees without submitting their plans to the usual 
level of agency and public review.  Restrictions imposed by a federal judge 
on salvage logging in Headwaters specify that only downed trees may be 
removed from the ancient groves.  However, standing trees may be cut 
provided that Pacific Lumber consults with the agencies on a tree-by-tree 
basis.  In either case, salvage operations will dramatically alter the 
ancient forest ecosystem.  These four pristine groves will suffer damage 
from downed logs being dragged by cables across the forest floor, trashing 
the sensitive understory and possibly damaging standing trees.
The California Board of Forestry meets Tuesday in Mt. Shasta to reconsider 
emergency rules which would prohibit exemption logging in coastal ancient 
forests, including Headwaters.  Also, government officials such as 
California Resources Secretary Doug Wheeler, Deputy Secretary of the 
Interior John Garamendi and Senator Dianne Feinstein have it in their 
power to institute a moratorium on logging in endangered species habitat 
while the Habitat Conservation Plan mandated by the September 28 
agreement is developed.  All of these public officials need to know that 
salvage logging in Headwaters Forest cannot go on, and that the public will 
hold them accountable for their inaction!
PLEASE MAKE THE FOLLOWING CALLS TODAY!  Tell these officials to take 
IMMEDIATE action to protect the ancient groves of Headwaters Forest from 
salvage logging!
Board of Forestry:      (916) 653-8007  fax (916) 653-0989
Pete Wilson:    (916) 658-2793  fax (916) 445-4633
Doug Wheeler:   (916) 653-5656  fax (916) 653-8102
Dianne Feinstein:       (202) 224-3841  fax (202) 228-3954
John Garamendi: (202) 208-6291  fax (202) 208-3048
Return to Top
Subject: Re: "Wildlife are a resource" (was Re: Mike V's MTB fetish ....?????)
From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Date: 8 Oct 1996 00:59:42 -0400
Mike Vandeman  wrote:
: Wildlife are independent organisms with minds of their own, not "resources"
: for the benefit of humans or their children. The reason the Earth is losing
: about 100 species per day is stupid anthropocentric attitudes like this one.
Over the years I have been told by several conservative Libertarians
that the only good animal was a dead animal.
I guess that just about sums up their philosophy of death.
-- 
<---->
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Subject: Re: Asbestos in Car brakes
From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Date: 8 Oct 1996 00:59:44 -0400
(charliew) wrote concerning asbestos:
: If reasonable precautions are taken, it should be obvious
: even to a "layman", that there is no excessive risk here.
: This is all the more apparent when one realizes that asbestos
: is a naturally occurring mineral.
  What does asbestos being a naturally occurring mineral have to do with
anything?  Hydrogen sulphide is also naturally occurring, you appear to
be saying that naturally occurring materials are by their nature safe?
---
"His library burned down, both books were lost, and he hadn't finished
coloring one of them yet." - Jack Kemp talking about Bob Dole - June
1995
"All he want's is a tax deduction for hair spray" - Bob Dole talking
about Jack Kemp - June 1995
-- 
<---->
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Subject: Re: Center for Environmental Research
From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Date: 8 Oct 1996 00:59:46 -0400
(Stewart Rowe) wrote:
: You might want to hunt for an article in US News and World Report
: sometime in Jan-June this year. This article described the current
: widespread campaign against environmental education, and credited (!)
: the Heritage Foundation as the orchestrator
  The American Heritige Foundation has been funding right wing
organizatins here in Canada for at least a decade.
-- 
<---->
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Subject: Re: CFCs and ozone (was: Freon R12 is Safe)
From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Date: 8 Oct 1996 00:59:47 -0400
(Hugh Easton) wrote:
: If CFCs were the primary cause of ozone depletion then there would have
: been a rapid worsening of ozone losses in the 1970's, which would have
: continued, albeit at a slower rate, throughout the 1980's. There would
: have been very little change this decade.
  Mr. Easton.  I look forward to seeing your scientific analysis.  Is it
published?  If so, in what scientific journal?
: Most of the world's ozone is produced in the tropics. Clearly if the
: lower atmosphere is shifted upward into the ozone-producing regions of
: the stratosphere, there is a possibility that ozone production could 
: be adversely affected! Unfortunately, the scientific community as a 
: whole appears unwilling to consider this possibility.
  I take it then that you are not a member of the "scientific community".
I am curious to know to what community you belong...
-- 
<---->
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Subject: Re: Julian Simon to speak at Stanford Oct. 17
From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Date: 8 Oct 1996 00:59:50 -0400
John McCarthy wrote:
: Julian Simon of the University is the main collector and expounder of
: evidence that the doomsters are mistaken.
  Julian Simon is generally considered to be a crank by the scientific
community.
- Hoover Hypocrite ---------------------------------------------------
"The Biomass Alliance doubtless includes farm organizations. The image
that comes to mind is that of a large number of piglets squirming to get
at a teat of the sow." - John McCarthy in SCI.Energy
2 weeks later...
"My research has indeed been supported by the Government - almost
entirely by the Defense Department..." -  John McCarthy in SCI.Environment
My BMW 325i will comfortably go 300 miles on a tanfull before its
threatening light goes on. - John McCarthy 1996/01/12
-- 
<---->
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Subject: Re: Major problem with climate predictions
From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Date: 8 Oct 1996 00:59:51 -0400
jwas@ix.netcom.com(jw) wrote:
: Does basic physics oblige one to believe in failed
: models - in methods falsified by facts?
  No current model in science is by its nature and the nature of
science a "failed" model.  In science models are constantly being
refined and improved as new observations are made.
  To say that a current model has "failed" is to say that it no longer
has any predictive capacity and or no basis in reality.  Climate models
are no different than any other models in this respect, and it is self
evident to the scientists developing them that existing models have both
a basis in reality and a predictive capacity.
  Your claim of failure is therefore based on a personal motivation
rather than a scientific one.
  The question is, why Jwas seems incapable of distinguishing between
his own strange personal expectations and science.
---
I have always found conservatives to be confused.
-- 
<---->
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Subject: Re: Major problem with climate predictions
From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Date: 8 Oct 1996 00:59:53 -0400
jwas@ix.netcom.com(jw) wrote:
: Doing *anything* - without knowing whether
: it will do more harm than good - is hardly a good idea.
  If the problem is excess CO2 due to excessive production, then the
solution is certainly a reduction in production.
  One wonders how a mind can be so confused as to claim that an
untargeted "anything" approach is being proposed when in fact a very
targeted approach - reducing the rate of emissions of gas that is
causing the problem - is being propose.
: But why act while it is neither too warm nor too cool,
: and the direction of change is unknown?
: If it works, don't fix it.
  If it works, don't break it.  Current emission rates for CO2 are
unsustainable and damaging.  Why is Jwas proposing that the planet be
further damaged?
: Acting on the groundless advice of false prophets
: would indeed be playing  Russian roulette.
  On what basis does Jwas conclude that the bulk of the worlds climate
experts are "false prophets".  Does he have a scientific basis for such
statements?  Or is his goal strictly political?
-- 
<---->
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Subject: Re: Major problem with climate predictions
From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Date: 8 Oct 1996 00:59:55 -0400
(charliew) wrote:
: The theories are overwhelming.  We don't have the evidence to
: verify those theories yet.  Also, how long is "indefinitely",
: and how bad is "severe"?  You are attempting to do the same
: thing I have been accused of - you are building a straw man
: with your assertions.
  Charliew.. What evidence do you have that if you jump off a building
you will fall to the ground?
  Are you relying on experieance or theory?
-- 
<---->
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Subject: Re: Major problem with climate predictions
From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Date: 8 Oct 1996 00:59:56 -0400
(phil. Felton) wrote:
: Not so, there was indeed concern in the 70's about the observed cooling since
: the 40's.  I suggest you read H.H Lamb, "Climatic History and the Future",
: Ist Ed. 1977, second Ed. 1984.
  Inded there was, and these were the seed for the unscientific news
reports that followed.  The scientific community was not warning of
an impending ice age, and they were not warning that steps must be taken
to thwart it.  The time sales under consideration were considerably
longer than the decades or century time scale that are being used today.
  Try as they might, denialists will not succeed in portreying the
cooling trend casually reported in the 70's with the warnings being
issued today.  Such comparisons have no scientific basis, and are in
fact based on ignorance or deceit.
  I am still waiting for a reference to scientific literature from the
period that warns of an impending ice age.
---
"It was a Rembrant of science and art."  American Conservative Bo Gritz
referring to the Oklahoma City bombing that killed 160 Americans, many
children.
-- 
<---->
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Subject: Re: Major problem with climate predictions
From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Date: 8 Oct 1996 00:59:59 -0400
(charliew) wrote:
: 1) Will more CO2 and its associated warming lead to more
: clouds in the atmosphere?  Will clouds cause more radiation
: to be radiated back into space before it can be absorbed by
: the atmosphere or the ground?
  Warming will still have occurred. If not then there would be no basis
for forming new clouds.
: 2) Will the upper atmosphere heat up and radiate energy into
: space differently than it presently does?
  Warming will still have occurred. If not, then the upper atmosphere
would not have warmed.
: 3) Will plankton absorb more CO2 from the atmosphere as the
: CO2 concentration rises?
  Will plankton absorb more CO2 now then they did 100 years ago before
CO2 levels had risen to their current levels?  Yes, but the fact that
absorption has not in any way kept up with emissions, indicates that a
sudden increase should not be expected.
: 4) How do the oceans fit into the picture of global climate
: and increasing temperatures?
  Oceans are observed to be warming and warm water holds less dissolved
CO2 than cold water.
---
"It was a Rembrant of science and art."  American Conservative Bo Gritz
referring to the Oklahoma City bombing that killed 160 Americans, many
children.
-- 
<---->
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Subject: Re: Major problem with climate predictions
From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Date: 8 Oct 1996 01:00:00 -0400
: gdy52150@prairie.lakes.com wrote:
: > take the god damn time fool I want to see a peer reviewed cite to back
: > up your damn lies.
Dan Evens  wrote:
: Take your own advice. I've seen news articles claiming the oppositte of
: what you claim. You have provided no evidence whatsoever, peer reviewed
: or otherwise.
  Is Dan Evens actually asking for gdy52150 to prove that something was
not said?  I thought he would have had a better understanding of logic.
But I suppose not.
  Earlier Mr Evens stated that the "Iceman" wore "grass clothing", when
in fact, his clothing was leather.  Leather shoes, leather pants,
leather shirt, etc.
  Apparently he did die wearing a staw hat and he did have straw in his
shoes, but I don't consider this to be equivalent to "grass clothing".
  Strange minds indeed...
-- 
<---->
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Subject: Re: Major problem with climate predictions
From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Date: 8 Oct 1996 01:00:05 -0400
(charliew) wrote:
: You may want to take your own advice.  Liberalism as it is
: practiced today in the U.S. is leading to more and more
: interference by several levels of government.  To imply that
: liberal policies lead to less government is ridiculous.
  And which party wishes to restrict abortions and gay marriages?
Which one wants to increase military spending and baloon the deficit
with more "voo-doo" tax breaks for the wealthy?
  Why the conservatives of course.
  It's really going to be a laugh watching the reaction to Clinton's
re-election.
  I suppose more conservatives will try to murder him.  And more
americans will die as a result of conservative terrorists.
---
"It was a Rembrant of science and art."  American Conservative Bo Gritz
referring to the Oklahoma City bombing that killed 160 Americans, many
children.
-- 
<---->
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Subject: Re: Major problem with climate predictions
From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Date: 8 Oct 1996 01:00:08 -0400
jwas@ix.netcom.com(jw) wrote:
: If warming became excessive, it could always be
: reversed - e.g., by throwing enough opaque particles into 
: the upper atmosphere. "Global warming" alarmists
: ought to meet "nuclear winter" alarmists...
  I reject Jwas's current proposal that a nuclear war would be an
acceptable means of countering global warming.
  First it would represent a great loss of life, and secondly its
effects would be hard to control and limited in duration.
  I note that this is not the first time we have seen huge loss of life
proposed as an acceptable cost to be paid by some fragment of society.
  I wonder what race Jwas proposes to nuke?
---
  Conservatives never learn from history.
-- 
<---->
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Subject: Re: Major problem with climate predictions
From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Date: 8 Oct 1996 01:00:12 -0400
(Harold Brashears) wrote:
: ->I have looked at the global average temperature charts, and observed
: ->that the great majority of the temperature rise to which you refer
: ->occurred prior to the 194o's.  I am amused that you dismiss this as
: ->"unusually warm", since it occurred prior to the greenhouse gas
: ->introductions by human activity.
(James R. Olson, jr.) wrote:
: Interesting claim... there was no petrochemical burning going on
: before the '40s?
  In terms of rate of emission, total CO2 emission rates for 1940 were
approximately 1/6th of what they are today.
-- 
<---->
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Subject: Re: time sensative request
From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Date: 8 Oct 1996 01:00:18 -0400
In <530ub9$3hq@omnifest.uwm.edu>, csmith@omnifest.uwm.edu (Carol Smith) wrote:
: Dr. Michael Sanera, director of
: Environmental Education Research (assoc? org?)
: who speaks about
: "Environmental Myths Taught in the Classroom"
: at right wing educational events.
: Any interesting connections with other orgs?
: please e mail me directly.
: csmith@omnifest.uwm.edu
No listing on Sanera or the group as named.  However the following group
name comes close...
THE FUTURE OF ENVIRONMENTALISM AND ITS IMPACT ON THE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROFESSIONAL - April 96
----------------------------------------------------
- Jay H. Lehr, Ph.D. - Senior Scientist -
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION ENTERPRISES - Columbus, Ohio
The world has just witnessed an environmental backlash that lasted less
than two years. It all started in the United States when a newly elected
Republican congress was thought to be set on dismantling abusive
environmental regulations.  Some were sure they would succeed. Others,
who maintained a lower profile, were not.  They knew that the
environmental movement, for better or worse, had done too thorough a job
brainwashing the world's population. A change of heart by the population
of any country, least of all the United States, was simply not in the
cards.
Environmentalism, absent from the human psyche just three decades ago
will likely take its place among Maslow's table of strongest human
needs, as we close out man's most productive century.  Politicians
everywhere now realize that tangling with environmental issues with an
eye to economizing is taboo.  In fact, all efforts of the Republican
Congress to dismantle the nation's current environmental protection
program have ceased.
IS THE BATTLE IS OVER?
Yes, the battle is over.  This nation and the rest of the world will not
soon again be challenged to modify its environmental activism, no matter
how neurotic it may be at times. One can only be in awe of the
leadership of the environmental movement for laying so strong a
foundation that even logic, common sense, good science and economics
could not knock the building from its moorings.  Thus we can now all
live with it, and the comforting knowledge that environmental
professionals everywhere will continue to be a highly valued segment of
society.
Membership of the big environmental groups is on the rise again.
Unfortunately, these are the same groups who value kangaroo rats and
spotted owls over homo sapiens..
OUR STOLEN FUTURE
As environmental activists tout the new environmental tract "Our Stolen
Future", further support for my predictions will develop.
"OUR STOLEN FUTURE" documents declining sperm counts in man and some of
his friends in the animal kingdom.  It lays the blame at the feet of
industrial chemicals.  Some have described the book as "innuendo heaped
upon hypothesis piled upon theory", but fact or fiction, it will have a
major impact on society.
Remember that the 1960's pop environmental book, Rachel Carson's "Silent
Spring" is responsible for millions dying of malaria each year.  The
book lead to the outlawing of DDT, the chemical that had virtually
eliminated the disease before it was labeled a carcinogen by
environmental activists.  Despite the fact that DDT's carcinogenicity
was never proven, it remains virtually unavailable throughout the world.
It is likely that with no greater evidence "OUR STOLEN FUTURE" will
force the elimination of a few more industrial chemicals.  Our
professional future will then be enhanced as we are hired to eliminate
residuals of some newly convicted chemical in our environment.
A MATURE INDUSTRY
The view from within the environmental science community is not yet a
rosy one.  We have experienced a significant downsizing and jobs are not
plentiful.  We are still reducing the previous overpopulation of
environmental professionals. Ten years ago there were 5 jobs for every
individual who had reasonable credentials supporting a claim to the
title of environmental scientist or engineer. Today each of us must
fight for a single position and many are still disappearing into other
vocations. We are, however, on our way to being a stable, healthy
scientific community with no real threat of extinction.
AN ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMY
Our current economy is now founded on environmental protection. Although
the public in general may still suffer economic harm from unnecessary
regulations, Fortune 500 companies have painted themselves GREEN.
Industries have sprung up to combat radon and asbestos, to manufacture
freon substitutes, to scrub air and filter water, and to make chemicals
biodegrade to name just a few.  I suspect that a homicide committed in
defense of the earth's flora or fauna would receive a certain degree of
clemency in recognition of such high minded intent.
PREFERRED IGNORANCE
Today we are an environmental activist society - so you may as well lean
back and enjoy it.  Continue to speak the truth, advise reason, logic
and good science, but don't be disappointed when such  wisdom is
ignored.  With psychic hotlines a 300 million dollar industry today,
what can we expect?   Persevere anyway: teach good science wherever you
can.
Keep in mind when you do this that there is a certain entertainment
value in bad science.  With the complexity of the technical systems that
run our society increasing exponentially, people are turning off their
efforts to understand how things really work.  Examples include the
awesome capabilities of the Internet/World Wide Web, or our ability to
see more and newer galaxies outside our solar system, or sub atomic
quarks within molecules, or unravel billions of genes in our DNA.  We
are now working on a need to know basis, and face it, the public does
not believe they need to know.
All of this has created a subtle intellectual backlash that has driven
people to take comfort in absurd, silly concepts that require only faith
and no intelligence: inane tv talk shows, psychic hotlines, aliens,
creationist beliefs, even a plethora of sci=fi related TV shows
presented as unsolved mysteries with potentially strange truths to be
discovered. We did not see it coming, but perhaps we should have.
Nearly 20 years ago I joined an organization called the Committee for
the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP).  Its
magazine the SKEPTICAL INQUIRER ran articles debunking silly science.
For a while they were making headway with the scientifically illiterate
media.  No longer; they are now  being swamped by the forces of  what I
call Preferred Ignorance. I look forward to the day when people will
again become interested in reason rather than ritual.  In the mean time
we can only bear with them.  The frustration is real for us all.
ONE TRUE THREAT
There is one area of ignorance we can not take as lightly as my
prescription above.  This is the misinformation being spread among our
elementary school students. My own granddaughter insists that I recycle
my popsicle sticks. Her scientific reasoning powers are being stunted by
propaganda before they are ever developed.
The environmental education modules being accepted by our grade schools
as factual information on the environment are often scandalously
inaccurate.  They create fear where none should exist.  They frequently
turn child on parent where parents are not abiding by some environmental
mantra taught in the schools. (The Nazis used this technique effectively
prior to World War II in Germany.) We must make every effort to thwart
these on going efforts today. The simplest way for all environmental
professionals to help is to offer our services to teach a lesson at our
kid's schools.  Its fun, its doable and it can create the healthy
skepticism lacking in their present curriculums. We can't do a thing
about adult TV viewers buying into scientific silliness, but we must
make an effort to avoid our kids becoming mindless environmental
zealots.
THE LEGISLATIVE VIEW
Much of our environmental legislation continues to do a good job.  Much
of it is outdated and ineffective, some of it is onerous and
inappropriate.  Do not expect very much change to the current
legislative landscape.  When the current backlash to the perceived
gutting of legislation by Republicans dies down, we can expect some
rough edges to be filed down on a few environmental acts. Modest
improvements will benefit everyone.
CONTINUING OUR OWN EDUCATION
In the midst of prevailing scientific ignorance in society, we as
scientists and engineers have an even greater responsibility to keep
abreast of information that will allow us to do what is best for the
environment.  We can't afford to stand pat with what we learned in
academia or even on the job.  We must, to the extent possible, insure
access to continuing education throughout our careers. Happily, high
level education is available. Now that the public in general has
abdicated its application of reasoned intelligence, it is even more
vital that we scientists fulfill our obligation to guide society in
environmental matters.
Jay H. Lehr, Ph.D. Senoir Scientist Environmental Education Enterprises
2764 Sawbury Blvd Columbus, Ohio 43235-4580
Comments: Phone:  800-792-0005 Fax:   614-792-0006 E-Mail:
e3jklucky@aol.com
-- 
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Subject: Re: More on Tragedy of the Commons
From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Date: 8 Oct 1996 01:00:19 -0400
jim blair wrote:
: RE: TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS
: The essay deals mostly with population growth and the idea that there are
: problems which cannot be solved by technology alone.  The title refers to
: the "common" land which English villages held, to belong to no one but to
: be used by all. Enclosure of commons began in the 12th century but was
: not complete until the end of the 19th. During this entire time there
: was an ongoing conflict between those who wanted land to be owned by
: specific people and those who maintained that it must belong to all.
: The "tragedy" is that common ownership is an unstable situation.
: Each person has a short term interest in overusing the common land.
: Since it belongs to no one, no one has in interest in its long term
: preservation, only in its short term exploitation.
: Seen in this light, the essay is really about how socialism (or at least
: this EVERYTHING BELONGS TO EVERYONE version of socialism) cannot
: work. In England, when the commons were (finally) divided up into plots
: and sold to individual farmers, the problem described in the essay
: ceased.
  I am sorry, but your interpretation of Hardin's essay (your last
paragraph) is simply wrong.  Hardin makes no such claims and in fact he
has refuted such interpretations of his work.
I note that the interpretation of Hardin offered y Stavros N.
Karageorgis (UCLA - Sociology) precisely matches the following short
clarification from Hardin himself.
A Commons Error
---------------
- Garrett Hardin - May 1994 -
...
When, in 1968, i described "the tragedy of the commons," I used the word
"commons" as it had been used by my only predecessor, William Forster
Lloyd in 1833.  He and I meant any resource that was shared on a "help
yourself" basis, that is, an  commons.  Although neither
Lloyd nor I originally used that adjective, it is implicit in both of
our essays.
In the early stages of the exploitation of a natural resource, when
there is no real shortage, an unmanaged commons is the most economical
mode of distribution.  But human demands increase faster than resources,
so there comes a time when a help-yourself policy becomes contrary to
the interests of all.  TWO ALTERNATIVES ARE THEN AVAILABLE: PRIVATISM,
IN WHICH A RESOURCE BECOMES PRIVATE PROPERTY AND IS MANAGED BY ITS
OWNER, OR SOCIALISM, IN WHICH A MANAGER (OR BUREAUCRAT) IS INJECTED INTO
THE SYSTEM.  BOTH PRIVATISM AND SOCIALISM MAY FAIL OR SUCCEED, DEPENDING
ON MANY FACTORS.  But commonism - living the Marxist ideal of an
unmanaged commons - cannot possible succeed in a world of shortages.
When the needs asserted by individuals are given priority over
preserving the carrying capacity of the environment, tragedy is the
inescapable result.
The survival of the commons among the Turkana people does not contradict
what I have described because (in Monbiot's words) every significant
resource in their environment "is controlled by a committee of elders,
who decide who should be allowed to use them and for how long."  The
Turkana elders refused to make individual need paramount in the ethics
of distribution.  Group survival came first.
...
Garrett Hardin
Department of Biological Sciences
University of California, Santa Barbara
-- 
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Subject: Re: oil seepage from tanks
From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Date: 8 Oct 1996 01:00:22 -0400
(charliew) wrote:
: As usual, wrong again Scott.  The tanks that I deal with were
: built several decades ago.  If my employer was going to build
: a new tank today, I am certain that modern construction
: methods would be used.
  One wonders what tank construction methods have been "invented" in the
last few decades that were not available when the tanks in question were
constructed several decades ago.
  Perhaps Charliew is under the impression that steel is a recent
invention.
  Clearly what has changed is  the technology needed to build
tanks, but the regulatory requirements that tanks be constructed to
higher standards.
: If you had much insight, you would realize that
: I am claiming that a problem probably exists here - I am
: *not* claiming that the problem was intentionally caused.
  Charliew states the straw man that the problem was not intentionally
caused, when he has admitted that the problem has been intentionally
allowed.
---
"It was a Rembrant of science and art."  American Conservative Bo Gritz
referring to the Oklahoma City bombing that killed 160 Americans, many
children.
-- 
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Subject: Re: Residential woodsmoke
From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Date: 8 Oct 1996 01:00:25 -0400
(charliew) wrote:
: Use your head!  There are no effects from residential wood
: smoke.
  The 4000 who died in the england 45 years ago would undoubtedly
disagree with you.
London fog killed 4,000
-----------------------
-David Kendall-
  Never again, say air quality experts in Britain, never again will
4,000 citizens die from a London fog.
  That figure is the conservative estimate - some say 8,000 - of how
many Londoners coughed, choaded, turned blue with Cyanosis, and breathed
their last breath 40 years ago, in December 1952.
  Starting Dec. 4, a thick atmospheric fog rolled over London and the
Thames valley, then stopped dead.
  It was below freezing, dead calm.  The damp chill seeped into every
crevice, under doors and through ill-fitted windows.  People began
emptying their coal scuttles into thousands of fireplaces.
  Dark sulphurous smoke poured into the fog, staining it a putrid
mustard hue, brewing up a deadly gas that invaded the lungs of the
elderly, the bronchial, the asthmatic, and the weak hearted.
Air as thick as pea soup
  The pea-soupe thickened daily, held motionless by a lid of warm air
passing above - a thermal inversion.
  A dark oily film coated china appliances and linen.
  Ambulances inched through the streets with a guide on foot ahead
holding a blazing torch aloft.  Milk delivery stopped and infants went
hungry.
  Idling vehicles caught in traffic jams puffed more poison into the
soupy air.
  People lined up at hospitals.  Then, they began lining up at
undertakers.
  Prime Minister Winston Churchill assured the populace by radio that
the filthy air didn't contain radioactive particles from atomic
experiments.
  Visiting Canadian prime minister Louis St. Laurent escaped by driving
slowly to stay with Churchill outside London.
  After four days, a westerly wind ended the paralyzing dim-out, but the
damage had been done and the dying continued for weeks.
Thousands died later
  Thousands more apparently recovered only to have their death later
attributed to the killer fog.
  "That sort of smog couldn't happen again," Steve Bland of the air
quality division in England's department of the environent said last
week.  "It was domestic coal burning in open fires and cooking ranges,
making sulphur dioxide."
  It won't hapen again, said Bland, because those cheery, blazing
hearths were outlawed after the great yueltide disaster of 52.
  "The 4,000 deaths kicked government into action," Bland said.
  But it took four years before the Clean Air Act was made law, and even
more years while it was implemented.
  "We couldn't do it overnight."  Bland said.  Today 98% of London smoke
is controlled.
-- 
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Subject: Re: time sensative request
From: af329@james.freenet.hamilton.on.ca (Scott Nudds)
Date: 8 Oct 1996 01:00:27 -0400
In <530ub9$3hq@omnifest.uwm.edu>, csmith@omnifest.uwm.edu (Carol Smith) wrote:
: I need info on
: Dr. Michael Sanera, director of
: Environmental Education Research (assoc? org?)
Letter to the Editor
--------------------
   The following is the reply of Paul Rowland to Michael Sanera's letter
   to the Republic: 
   Michael Sanera's response to Linda Valdez's column in which Sanera
   attacks her for not spending time listening to him for two to three
   hours like other reporters did is as predictable as it is self
   serving. Likewise, his deifying of a few scientists who produce
   documents that support his point of view, despite the fact that the
   scientific community in several forums this past year have repudiated
   that view, continues to confuse issues of what constitutes scientific
   knowledge. Sanera's claim that the "most damning criticism of EE comes
   from the environmental community itself" is based on a poorly
   researched article based on a few poorly produced materials.
   His use of selected text and selected issues has served as a basis for
   his attacks on the Arizona Environmental Education Guidelines. Having
   defined balanced materials as those including his favorite studies and
   his point of view, he shouldn't be surprised that few such materials
   exist. He should look at college-level environmental sciences
   textbooks that are written by eminent scientists in the field -- even
   they would not pass Sanera's criteria for "objective and unbiased."
   Interestingly, the materials Mr. Sanera prepared for the Arizona
   Environmental Education Curriculum Review Committee (AEECRC) were
   biased in the way they presented views with which he disagrees. He has
   yet to solicit assistance in writing those viewpoints from
   environmental educators in the state.
   Environmental educators recognize that balance comes from the educated
   use of materials by trained teachers who have access to many different
   sources of materials. For example, at the environmental education
   resource centers in the state, one can find biased materials from the
   Arizona Beef Council, National Wildlife Association, Air and Waste
   Management Association, Keep America Beautiful, The Steel Recycling
   Association, The Plastics Council, and a variety of state and federal
   agencies. I would hate to see us eliminate any of these materials. Our
   goal is to train teachers in using all materials so students learn
   both fundamental principles but also skills for recognizing bias in
   presentations. Mr. Sanera would like to prevent the free flow of
   information into classrooms because he fears that his point of view
   will not make it there. In effect, he wants the state government,
   through the AEECRC, to do the job that the rest of us assume is our
   own job; to develop and promote our best understanding of the
   environment and our role in it.
   Paul Rowland
   Associate Professor
   Center for Excellence in Education
   Northern Arizona University
   Flagstaff, AZ
  Environmental Education Curriculum Review Committee
   One way in which the governor can influence future decisions about the
   environment is by appointing individuals, who will carry out his
   agenda to Boards and Commissions. Dr. Michael Sanera was recently
   appointed to the Advisory Council on Environmental Education . Mr.
   Sanera's views, which were presented to the Environmental Education
   Curriculum Review Committee, are not supported by documentation and
   out of sync with most of the educational establishment.
: Any interesting connections with other orgs?
   July 1994
   William Perry Pendly has just released his book "It Takes A Hero; The
   Grassroots Battle Against Environmental Oppression", a project of the
   Mountain States Legal Foundation. With introductions by Senator Larry
   Craig and Congressman Billy Tauzin, the book "documents ordinary
   people against the the multi-billion-dollar environmental movement."
   Familiar names like Kathleen Marquardt, Clark Collins, Cheryl Johnson
   and Chuck Cushman are profiled in the book, which also contains a
   directory of 1,000 "grassroots fighters against environmental
   oppression: The Hero Network." CLEAR has copies of It Takes A Hero.
   Please give us a call if you would like to borrow one
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Byron Palmer