PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIFORNIA 91109. TELEPHONE (818) 354-5011
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov
Contact: Mary A. Hardin at JPL (818) 354-0344
AGU Newsroom (415) 905-1007
Cheryl Dybas
National Science Foundation
Arlington, VA
(703) 306-1070
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
DECEMBER 17, 1996
1994 NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE HASN'T STOPPED, HILLS HAVE RISEN
   Earthquake researchers measuring the movement of the Earth's surface
with the Global Positioning System (GPS) have concluded that the Northridge
earthquake has continued in a "quiet" way and the Granada Hills have risen
about 16 centimeters (about 6 inches) since that first jolt in January 1994.
   Scientists from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory will present their
findings this week at the annual Fall meeting of the American Geophysical
Union in San Francisco.
   "The Northridge quake occurred on a thrust fault that did not break all
the way to the surface. However, the sedimentary layers of rock, in the top
five kilometers located just below the surface near the epicenter, have
continued to move in a fluid- like manner -- sort of like honey flowing off
a spoon -- since the earthquake," said Dr. Gregory Lyzenga, a JPL
geophysicist and professor at Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA. "The
amount of motion that happened because of this 'stealth' earthquake is
equivalent to the displacement that would accompany a magnitude 6.0
earthquake."
   Lyzenga and his JPL colleague Dr. Andrea Donnellan studied data from
about a dozen GPS receivers that continuously measure the constant, yet
nearly physically imperceptible, movements of earthquake faults throughout
Southern California. These temporary GPS sites were part of a preliminary
earthquake study that helped lead to a large effort called the Southern
California Integrated GPS Network (SCIGN). SCIGN uses an array of permanent
GPS receivers placed throughout the region.
   GPS uses data transmitted from a constellation of 24 Earth- orbiting
satellites that are jointly operated by the departments of Defense and
Transportation. The satellites are arranged so that several of them are
"visible" from any point on the surface of the Earth at any time. Scientists
at JPL can determine the position of a user with a GPS receiver to better
than 1 centimeter (0.4 inches) per day by correlating signals from the
satellites and knowing the satellite orbital locations very accurately.
   "It is not clear yet if this continued post-Northridge 'after-slip'
represents a loss of stress along a fault or if it is a transfer of stress
to other areas," Lyzenga said. "Our GPS processing techniques are now better
refined, making it easier to resolve vertical as well as horizontal
movements of the Earth's surface."
   What is clear is that the force of the after-slip has added about 16
centimeters (about 6 inches) to the Granada Hills since the earthquake.
Granada Hills is a foothill community just to the north of the city of
Northridge.
   "While similar post-seismic movements have been seen after earthquakes
in other regions, this observation is significant because it highlights the
difficulty of fully accounting for all of the strain that can potentially
lead to earthquakes. If we hope to make realistic assessments of earthquake
potential in different parts of the Los Angeles basin, we need to understand
the processes and amounts of quiet movement, as well as the more obvious
shifts that occur immediately during seismic events."
   In a related observation, researchers studying GPS measurements from a
single site located in the foothills behind the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in
Pasadena have seen the rate of motion at that site change significantly
since the Northridge quake.
   "This extra motion cannot be easily explained by means of additional
slip on the fault which ruptured during the Northridge earthquake,
suggesting the possibility of slip on a second fault closer to JPL," said
Dr. Michael Heflin, a JPL geophysicist. "The extra motion may represent a
significant release of strain energy which is occurring without earthquakes.
If such events turn out to be common, the overall earthquake hazard may need
to be re-evaluated."
   The on-going measurements of the new and growing SCIGN array will help
clarify the "earthquake budget", or the amount of strain accumulation that
has built up in Southern California. If the observations show that
significant strain energy is released quietly, then less total energy is
left to be released and we may experience fewer damaging earthquakes, Heflin
added.
   The GPS earthquake research is funded by NASA's Office of Mission to
Planet Earth, the United States Geological Survey and the Southern
California Earthquake Center (SCEC), a National Science Foundation Science
and Technology Center headquartered at the University of Southern
California.
                                    #####

I saw sketchy information on a meteorite impact in Honduras probably
late week ending 15 December, causing 165 foot crater and ancillary fire
damage (no kidding)...Have seen no other reports and I can't imagine it
has gone unnoticed excpet by popular press.  Has anybody in this seismic
group seen anything relative to this event?  Any info is greatly
appreciated!
-- 
Tom Whiteway
Lockheed Martin Electronics & Missiles
Fresno, California
email: whiteway@psnw.com

Tom Whiteway wrote:
> 
> I saw sketchy information on a meteorite impact in Honduras probably
> late week ending 15 December, causing 165 foot crater and ancillary fire
> damage (no kidding)...Have seen no other reports and I can't imagine it
> has gone unnoticed excpet by popular press.  Has anybody in this seismic
> group seen anything relative to this event?  Any info is greatly
> appreciated!
   I can't imagine something of this magnitude not being reported by the
media, not to mention affecting conditions on pretty much a global
level.
-- 
                                 Bill
 ------------------------------------
| If everything is possible,         |
| nothing is knowable.  Be skeptical.|
 ------------------------------------

Bill Oertell (woertell@ix.netcom.com) wrote the following:
> Tom Whiteway wrote:
> > 
> > I saw sketchy information on a meteorite impact in Honduras probably
> > late week ending 15 December, causing 165 foot crater and ancillary fire
> > damage (no kidding)...Have seen no other reports and I can't imagine it
> > has gone unnoticed excpet by popular press.  Has anybody in this seismic
> > group seen anything relative to this event?  Any info is greatly
> > appreciated!
>    I can't imagine something of this magnitude not being reported by the
> media, not to mention affecting conditions on pretty much a global
> level.
> -- 
There was a report on it in 'The Times' (London) yesterday. Supposedly it
happened up to 2 weeks ago, but took a while to get out due to the 
remoteness of the locale.
The impactor was speculated to be around a foot in size.
I'm expecting to see more about this in tomorrow's 'New Scientist'
--
Steve Traylen			Seismic Analyst
Home: 0181-568-2065		Western Atlas
Work: 0181-585-4224		London
ln10e@london.waii.com		stephen.traylen@waii.com
These Views Do Not Represent Those of Western Atlas.

Archive-name: sci/Satellite-Imagery-FAQ/Pointer
Satellite Imagery FAQ
=====================
Satellite Imagery for Earth Observation
   Last Modified: December 13th 1996:
   _The updates have been rather sporadic since September - sorry._
     * Removed apparently nonfunctional "Geoscience Journals" server;
       added some new references for journal information.
     * Chopped long and badly outdated contact list. Left in the
       reference to the original it was copied from.
     * Updated references for downloadable assessment software
       (Kappa/Entropy).
     * Various miscellaneous updates from the backlog, including Web
       references.
     * The Interactive FAQ software is now operational again at
       http://pobox.com/%7Esatfaq/ I'm looking to use it to
       'democratise' this document (i.e. encourage direct contributions
       which will automatically ingested), but my other FAQ - which is
       much shorter and simpler than this one - is leading the way in
       terms of contents.
NOTE: a server which was dead for several days appears to have killed
November's posting - sorry.   Also I've made some changes to the
posting scripts: apologies in advance if it screws up.
	============================================
The HTML version of this FAQ may be read at Web addresses, including:
http://www.geog.nott.ac.uk/remote/satfaq.html
http://atlas.esrin.esa.it:8000/lib/satfaq.html
and the "faqlib":
http://www.faqlib.com/
http://www.ba-karlsruhe.de/faqlib/
http://www.vol.it/mirror/faqlib/
It can also be retrieved by email from the SATFAQ autoresponder.
Send blank email to satfaq@pobox.com for details.
The plain text version is available:
  (1) on news.answers and other newsgroups (see below)
  (2) by anonymous ftp from rtfm.mit.edu and its mirror sites.
  (3) by email from the SATFAQ or RTFM autoresponders - see below.
The RTFM archive name is sci/Satellite-Imagery-FAQ, or it may be
found under the sci.* newsgroups listed below.  Note that, for
technical reasons, it is NOT archived under the group comp.infosystems.gis
To retrieve it from RTFM:
(1) By FTP:
        ftp rtfm.mit.edu
           cd /pub/usenet/news.answers/sci/Satellite-Imagery-FAQ
           get part1 (etc - up to part5)
(2) By email: send email to
          mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu
     with the following in the body of your message:
           send usenet/news.answers/sci/Satellite-Imagery-FAQ/part1
           (or part2, ..., part5)
The full document is posted to the following Usenet groups:
	comp.infosystems.gis
	sci.geo.meteorology
	sci.image.processing
	sci.geo.eos
	sci.answers
	news.answers
Posting to comp.infosystems.gis is as a single document, to ensure its
rejection by the GIS-L gateway and avoid flooding list subscribers mailboxes.
GIS-L subscribers should see this pointer, but not the FAQ itself!
Nick Kew
satfaq@pobox.com (autoresponder - send blank email for details)
disclaimer: I'm posting as a private individual - 
	    not representing my employer or Client.

I'm doing this good stuff as a Christmas present to everybody.  I'll
probably stop during the post-holiday depression. :)
****
Still Rising: The Earth hasn't been sitting still in the three years
since the Northridge earthquake. . . . JPL reported to the American
Geophysical Union on Tuesday that the foothills around Granada Hills
have risen 6 inches, the Associated Press said. That's in
addition to the 1 1/2 feet they lurched up during the January 1994
quake.
******
Mammoth Mountain and the nearby Long Valley area at the resort town of
Mammoth Lakes in the Eastern Sierra have had very few earthquakes in the
last six months, after occasional high seismicity that scientists
believe is volcanically related.
But in academic posters displayed here Tuesday, two scientists from the
Cascade Volcano Observatory in Vancouver, Wash., revealed that on Aug.
30-31, there was a seven-hour surge of carbon dioxide gas emission
levels--four times the normal level--at Horseshoe Lake, three miles from
Mammoth Lakes.
....Finally, Oregon's Newberry Crater, southeast of the town of Bend,
last erupted 1,300 years ago.
Now, geologist Larry Chitwood reported on another poster Tuesday,
measurements show that over a long period the floor of the crater has
been rising--about 14 feet in the last 1,300 years. This may show
inflation caused by lava underneath.
The scientist in charge of the Cascade Volcano Observatory, Dan
Dzurisin, has said Newberry is one of the volcanoes in the West most
likely to erupt fairly soon.
-- 
Harold W. Asmis        harold.w.asmis@hydro.on.ca
tel 416.592.7379  fax 416.592.5322
Standard Disclaimers Apply

MESA STATE COLLEGE
	Grand Junction, Colorado
                	              ANNOUNCEMENT OF POSITION VACANCY
POSITION TITLE:   	        Assistant or Associate Professor of Geology
		            	Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences
RESPONSIBILITIES:   	Primary responsibility is full-time teaching of
geology.  The                         successful candidate will be
expected to teach twelve semester                         hours of
geology each semester in a combination of lower
and                         upper division courses.  Candidates should
be qualified to teach                         courses in mineralogy,
petrology, structural geology and remote                        
sensing.  They should be experienced in teaching
introductory                         level general education courses in
the earth sciences.                          Candidates should have a
strong interest and experience in                         integrating
new technology into the curriculum especially in
the                         areas of remote sensing and engineering
geology.  Candidates                         should be qualified to
teach field procedures in the summer                         field
course.  Duties also include academic advising,
committee                         service, curriculum development and
departmental
                    	responsibilities as assigned.
EDUCATION:          	Earned doctorate in Geology by May, 1997, from a
regionally                             accredited institution.
APPOINTMENTS:  	        Nine-month full-time tenure-track position
beginning mid-August                         1997. Special contract for
six-week summer field camp                         biennially.
SALARY/BENEFITS:        Commensurate with education, experience and
rank, anticipated                           salary would be in the low
$30,000s.  Benefits include                         hospital/major
medical/dental package,
                    	term life/disability insurance, and retirement
plan.
THE COLLEGE:   	        Mesa State College is a state-supported
baccalaureate college of                         approximately 4,700
students with recent authority for a limited                        
Master's program. 
Further                                                     information
is available on the Mesa State College Web page at
                        www.mesastate.edu.  The department has
approximately 16 FTE                             faculty.  The college
has a major commitment to the liberal arts                         and
sciences and to the encouragement of scholarship.
APPLICATIONS:  	        To ensure consideration, complete applications
(letter of                               application, statement of
teaching philosophy, resume,                         transcript of
doctoral studies, and three letters of 
               		recommendation) should be on file by January 31,
1997.                          Candidates should solicit letters of
recommendation from their                          references; however,
the letters of recommendation should be                         sent
directly by the referees.  Application package and
                        letters of recommendation should be sent to:
                        Geology  Search
                        Department of Physical and Environmental
Sciences
                        Mesa State College
			P.O. Box 2647
                        Grand Junction, CO 81502
INQUIRIES:              Dr. Rex D. Cole, Search Committee Chair: (970)
248-1599;                         rcole@mesastate.edu
MESA STATE COLLEGE IS AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY/AFFIRMATIVE ACTION EMPLOYER. 
MESA STATE IS A DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE.  ALL EMPLOYEES OF THE COLLEGE MUST
AGREE TO ABIDE BY OUR DRUG-FREE POLICY AS A CONDITION OF EMPLOYMENT.

Hi evreyone                                                                 
My mane is Edgar Black. I am a student at the University of Illinois.       
I am looking for earthquake records for my research and I was               
wondering if there is a site on the net where I can download                
them.                                                                       
I also would like to know about the techinques used to                      
correct the records.                                                        
Is there public domain software to                                          
correct the records?                                                        
Thanks                                                                      
Edgar Black                                                                 
e-black1@uiuc.edu                                                           

We are interested in the field parameters and companies involved in this 
survey.  We are part of the department of Geophysics, University of 
Missouri-Rolla.  We have successfully imaged several thrust faults and 
associated systems in the New Madrid fault system (Benton Hills).  
Our results in this area have been published in several scientific 
journals.  Was this part of a large-scale 3D survey, or was it a 2D 
survey?  It is surprising to us that the survey in this area, provided 
with such a large budget, could not have been a success.  Was this part 
of a research project or was it contracted out of private industry 
through the federal government?  Please reply.
Thank You,
Jesse A. Baker    alexande@umr.edu
Michael L. Shoemaker
University of Missouri-Rolla
Department of Geology-Geophysics
Rolla, MO 65401   

In a previous article, baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke) says:
>1994 NORTHRIDGE EARTHQUAKE HASN'T STOPPED, HILLS HAVE RISEN

>   "The Northridge quake occurred on a thrust fault that did not break all
>the way to the surface. However, the sedimentary layers of rock, in the top
>five kilometers located just below the surface near the epicenter, have
>continued to move in a fluid- like manner -- sort of like honey flowing off
>a spoon -- since the earthquake," said Dr. Gregory Lyzenga, a JPL
>geophysicist and professor at Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA. "The
>amount of motion that happened because of this 'stealth' earthquake is
>equivalent to the displacement that would accompany a magnitude 6.0
>earthquake."
Is the motion that Dr. Lyzenga describes above the same thing as fault creep?
If not, what is/are the difference(s)?
Ignorantly yours,
CM
-- 
Clay Morgan
Meteorologist, NEXRAD Weather Service Forecast Office Jackson, MS
Technical Consultant, _Twister_ and _Escape From L.A._
..okay, not really...but I coulda been. :)