Newsgroup sci.geo.geology 32839

Directory

Subject: Re: Creation VS Evolution -- From: w.smith@ix.netcom.com(Bill Smith)
Subject: Re: Creation VS Evolution -- From: aplus@mauigateway.com (Marvin)
Subject: Re: Seeking rockhound newsgroup -- From: heinrich@intersurf.com (P. V. Heinrich)
Subject: Re: Seeking rockhound newsgroup -- From: heinrich@intersurf.com (P. V. Heinrich)
Subject: Re: The Ultimate Unity of Science and Religion. -- From: ericf@central.co.nz (Eric Flesch)
Subject: bollidal amusements -- From: ba137@lafn.org (Brian Hutchings)
Subject: Re: Determining the age of Ordovician sediments -- From: "Eric B. Powell"
Subject: Re: continuing discussion of new groups -- From: Richard Adams
Subject: Digital Elev. Data Catalogue (0/5) -- From: bruce@geovax.ed.ac.uk (Bruce Gittings)
Subject: Digital Elev. Data Catalogue (0/5) -- From: bruce@geovax.ed.ac.uk (Bruce Gittings)
Subject: Digital Elev. Data Catalogue (2/5) [LONG!] -- From: bruce@geovax.ed.ac.uk (Bruce Gittings)
Subject: Digital Elev. Data Catalogue (1/5) [LONG!] -- From: bruce@geovax.ed.ac.uk (Bruce Gittings)
Subject: Digital Elev. Data Catalogue (3/5) [LONG!] -- From: bruce@geovax.ed.ac.uk (Bruce Gittings)
Subject: Digital Elev. Data Catalogue (4/5) [LONG!] -- From: bruce@geovax.ed.ac.uk (Bruce Gittings)
Subject: Digital Elev. Data Catalogue (5/5) [LONG!] -- From: bruce@geovax.ed.ac.uk (Bruce Gittings)
Subject: Re: continuing discussion of new groups -- From: oseeler@mcn.org (Oliver Seeler)
Subject: Re: Are *all* Texas lakes man made? -- From: Mike Munsil <75561.1231@CompuServe.COM>
Subject: Re: Creation VS Evolution -- From: meron@cars3.uchicago.edu
Subject: Re: Creation VS Evolution -- From: meron@cars3.uchicago.edu
Subject: Re: glacier temperature profile -- From: khenders@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu (Keith A Henderson)
Subject: PRAYER 31/8, Which of these mean more to you-- email, Net, or -- From: Archimedes.Plutonium@dartmouth.edu (Archimedes Plutonium)
Subject: Re: Utter Futility of Arguing With Creationists -- From: tomitire@vegas.infi.net (Viejo)
Subject: Re: Gold Bearing Quartz Veins in Clay? -- From: Lars.Magnusson@abc.se (Lars Magnusson)
Subject: Re: Gold Bearing Quartz Veins in Clay? -- From: Lars.Magnusson@abc.se (Lars Magnusson)
Subject: Re: Creation VS Evolution -- From: yvond@microtec.net (Yvon Decelles)

Articles

Subject: Re: Creation VS Evolution
From: w.smith@ix.netcom.com(Bill Smith)
Date: 31 Aug 1996 18:33:06 GMT
In <322504B3.1374@ix.netcom.com> Judson McClendon
 writes: 
>
>Gavin Tabor wrote:
>> 
>> 1.The universe is comprehensible (this rules out miracles and other
>> 1-off events).
>> 2.The simplest explanation that covers the facts is the correct one
>> (Occam's razor)
>
>There is a third:
>
>3. The universe is explainable by naturalistic processes.
>
>This is the assumption which is the basis of this thread's existence.
>
It is the fundamental assumption of the scientific enterprise.  Without
this assumption the theory and practice of science itself is nothing
but folly, amusing enough to those who like that sort of thing, but of
no practical significance to anyone else.  The first assumption is not
necessary as it merely repeats in less precise terms, the basic terms
of the third.  Science doesn't start by ruling out the possibility of
miracles, but rather proceeds by assuming that everything that occurs
in the physical universe, however much they may look like miracles, can
be explained by physical processes.
This assumption has undergirded the whole scientific enterprise for at
least four hundred years and has produced some remarkable (miraculous?)
results.
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Subject: Re: Creation VS Evolution
From: aplus@mauigateway.com (Marvin)
Date: Fri, 30 Aug 1996 07:46:58 GMT
aklein@villagenet.com (Al Klein), #include 
><>> I've also
><>>heard that the odds of the big bang creating all the  prerequisites of a
><>>life sustaing planet is comparable to a print shop exploding and the
><>>debris forming a dictionary.
><>
><>Assuming that you exploded one print shop per second for 11 billion
><>years, the odds would be pretty good, wouldn't you say?
Actually if you look at probablility therory the odds are close to
zero (in any time frame not approaching infinity).  Given infinite
time anything is possible-BUT we know the universe has only been
around a finite amount of time.  Random causation as a creative force
is a joke- it doesn't work in nature, it doesn't work in science, it
doesn't even work in theory.  And it requires a lot more faith than
the simple and practical observation that creation demands a creator.
In Christ,
Marvin C.
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
Alternate E-Mail: Aplus1@juno.com
><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>
1 John 4:10  Herein is love, not that we 
loved God, but that he loved us, and sent
his Son to be the propitiation for our sins.
<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><><>
We've got to take it to extremes, 
standing on the edge, not living inbetween,
Walk with Christ for all to see, 
telling broken hearts that God can intervene,
We've got to take it-to extremes. (DeGarmo & Key)
<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><<><
Member ICCC
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Subject: Re: Seeking rockhound newsgroup
From: heinrich@intersurf.com (P. V. Heinrich)
Date: Sat, 31 Aug 1996 16:08:02 -0600
In article <1996Aug30.173627.474@ole.cdac.com>, 
grant@cdac.com (Grant Erwin) wrote:
Subject: Seeking rockhound newsgroup
grant@cdac.com (Grant Erwin) wrote:
>My two grade-school-aged children have recently become 
>interested in rock collecting and polishing. We acquired a 
>very ancient old tumbler which seems to work. I am looking 
>for a newsgroup where people talk about collecting agates 
>and polishing rocks and maybe where to buy and sell 
>equipment for this. Any leads?
>
>(Clearly sci.geo.geology is not it!)
There is a mailing listserver for rockhounds that
serves rockhounds and fossil collectors where 
topics as above are discussed.  It has an information 
page on the World Wide Web. 
It's address is:
http://www.rahul.net/infodyn/rockhounds/rockhounds.html 
To subscribe to this list send an e-mail with ³subscribe² 
in the subject line to "rockhounds-request@infodyn.com".
Please, DO NOT send your request to the main list 
"rockhounds@infodyn.com" as it is broadcast to the
entire list membership, none of whom can help you.
For more information, send a HELP message to 
rockhounds-request@infodyn.com with ³help² in the 
ubject line.
Also, there are people on that list interested in creating a
newsgroup solely for rockhounds.  Maybe you and your
kids can get together with them and create a newsgroup
for rockhounds.
Sincerely,
Paul V. Heinrich           All comments are the
heinrich@intersurf.com     personal opinion of the writer and
Baton Rouge, LA            do not constitute policy and/or
                           opinion of government or corporate
                           entities.  This includes my employer.
To persons uninstructed in natural history, their country 
or seaside stroll is a walk through a gallery filled with 
wonderful works of art, nine-tenths of which have their faces
turned to the wall.
- T. H. Huxley
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Subject: Re: Seeking rockhound newsgroup
From: heinrich@intersurf.com (P. V. Heinrich)
Date: Sat, 31 Aug 1996 16:08:02 -0600
In article <1996Aug30.173627.474@ole.cdac.com>, 
grant@cdac.com (Grant Erwin) wrote:
Subject: Seeking rockhound newsgroup
grant@cdac.com (Grant Erwin) wrote:
>My two grade-school-aged children have recently become 
>interested in rock collecting and polishing. We acquired a 
>very ancient old tumbler which seems to work. I am looking 
>for a newsgroup where people talk about collecting agates 
>and polishing rocks and maybe where to buy and sell 
>equipment for this. Any leads?
>
>(Clearly sci.geo.geology is not it!)
There is a mailing listserver for rockhounds that
serves rockhounds and fossil collectors where 
topics as above are discussed.  It has an information 
page on the World Wide Web. 
It's address is:
http://www.rahul.net/infodyn/rockhounds/rockhounds.html 
To subscribe to this list send an e-mail with ³subscribe² 
in the subject line to "rockhounds-request@infodyn.com".
Please, DO NOT send your request to the main list 
"rockhounds@infodyn.com" as it is broadcast to the
entire list membership, none of whom can help you.
For more information, send a HELP message to 
rockhounds-request@infodyn.com with ³help² in the 
ubject line.
Also, there are people on that list interested in creating a
newsgroup solely for rockhounds.  Maybe you and your
kids can get together with them and create a newsgroup
for rockhounds.
Sincerely,
Paul V. Heinrich           All comments are the
heinrich@intersurf.com     personal opinion of the writer and
Baton Rouge, LA            do not constitute policy and/or
                           opinion of government or corporate
                           entities.  This includes my employer.
To persons uninstructed in natural history, their country 
or seaside stroll is a walk through a gallery filled with 
wonderful works of art, nine-tenths of which have their faces
turned to the wall.
- T. H. Huxley
Return to Top
Subject: Re: The Ultimate Unity of Science and Religion.
From: ericf@central.co.nz (Eric Flesch)
Date: Sat, 31 Aug 1996 21:27:18 GMT
On 30 Aug 1996 02:51:20 GMT, "Jon E. Trevathan"
 wrote:
>Nonetheless, religion must ultimately conform to reason and be in
>accord with the ultimate conclusions of science as both must
>converge into one ultimate truth or realty.  For religion, reason
>and science are realities; therefore, these three, being realities,
>must eventually conform and be reconciled. 
God, what a rank optimist.  Or maybe, just a rank lawyer (looking at
your userid).
The only reconciliation between science and religion which the Church
is ever likely to dream about would be the "Hypatia solution".
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Subject: bollidal amusements
From: ba137@lafn.org (Brian Hutchings)
Date: Sat, 31 Aug 1996 21:39:58 GMT
re the Kretacious-Tertiary "boundary",
a fellow from another royal thingy (dealing with Antarctica) told me that
Moore is still alive, being an FRAS, not an FRGS -- Astronomical,
not Geological, what a shame!...  I guess that that means that
he's a Sir, at least in merry, ol'England (and, everywhere else,
you can just call him, Hey, doc !-)
	anyway, the problem with the volcanic theory is just that
*ordinary* eruptions do not produce such cataclysmic effects,
including irridium from deep within the interior; however,
there's a hypothesized "short-circuit" that occurs, with some regularity,
I suppose, when a "rift" newly meets a trench, such as
may've occurred to creat the Gulf de Baja, and
the consequent spray of radiaoctives across America,
all the way to Kentucky, which gave rise to sand-deposits
that are rich with uranium (like panning for the shiny stuff .-)...
in theory, such events can be predicted by an analysis
of the rotations of the plates about their Euler poles, since
the types of the major faults are known -- but
lesser ones could be a source of problems!
someone had posted about great changes of sea-level at the time
of the belated demise of the dinosauria, and
this is critically important!...  also,
the question of the dietary regime of such large creatures is, two;
what work has been done on that biomechanical stuff?
-- 
There is no dimension without time.  --RBF (Synergetics, 527.01)
(Brian Hutchings -- ba137@lafn.org)
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Subject: Re: Determining the age of Ordovician sediments
From: "Eric B. Powell"
Date: 31 Aug 1996 22:28:32 GMT
Dennis Jones  wrote in article
<500d6g$2ib@news-2.csn.net>...
> Can anyone recommend any books  or methods that will help me
> determine the approximate ages of the various sedimentary layers
> not just in Ordovician time but in most of the Paleozoic.
> Specifically, I am interested in the sediments of the Colorado region
> and want to get an idea of the time span in millions of years that the
> various limestone and shale layers represent. It would help too if the
> source gave an indication of the environment predominant in the
> specific layers.
> 
>
You could start with the Geologic Map of Colorado, most likely available
through the Colorado Dept. of Mines (Mineral Resources, Geologic Survey, or
what ever Colorado calls this division).
The map and cross section will probably provide a general stratigraphic
interpretations and list the papers used for the interpretations.
A general interpretation of shales and limestones indicate calm water
deposition.
A shale will likely result from a deep trench or quiet shelf type deposit
(if black and from a backwater bay or lake if green or red).
Limestones usually develop in calm water shelf deposits in warmer climates.
> Thank You,
> 
> Dennis Jones
> dennisj@csn.net
> 
> 
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Subject: Re: continuing discussion of new groups
From: Richard Adams
Date: Sat, 31 Aug 1996 15:45:24 -0700
Bernie Verreau wrote:
> 
> Richard Adams wrote:
> 
> >   4) Two new groups are proposed.  This allows
> >      earthquake predictions to have its own
> >      recognition and place for discussion.  The
> >      moderation standard for the other group
> >      won't be imposed on the predictions group,
> >      or vice versa.
> 
> If knowledgable posters shun the predictions group
> [and I suspect they would] this will ensure that
> predictions are not challenged on a scientific basis.
> This would not facilitate public education.
> 
> > Moderation policies: all groups
> > [fine print excised]
> 
> And the lawyers shall inherit the earth...
> 
> Bernie Verreau, bverreau@netcom.com, Redwood City, CA
Bernie,
I've found that many knowledgable people are
interested in dicussions regarding predictions.
With such a high level of interest, why do you
feel it would be shunned?
Are there aspects of the moderation policies
you'd like to discuss?  This proposal is placed
in the public forum to invite discussions and
suggestions for improvements.  Your suggestions
are certainly welcome.
Richard
PS: Lawyers may have inherited the legislature
    but that's a long way from having the whole
    earth.
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Subject: Digital Elev. Data Catalogue (0/5)
From: bruce@geovax.ed.ac.uk (Bruce Gittings)
Date: 1 Sep 96 00:03:24 GMT
Coming in the following messages is the latest version of the Catalogue of
Digital Elevation Data which I have been collating.  Although primarily
describing topographic and bathymetric data, there are a number of hopefully
useful references to other forms of data.  There is also a section on software
used to create and manipulate DEMs and 3D data in a GIS environment.
I know that there is data available for some countries yet have no, or only
very sketchy, information. Also there are more question marks than I would like
within existing entries.  Any corrections / additions are always welcome via
e-mail.  The catalogue will be re-posted monthly.
Please send me ANY information you have,  even if based on hearsay - other
people will undoubtedly fill out the details - any clues are useful!
** CHANGES SINCE LAST MONTH **
o  New Software TruFlite  (Note (H)
** PLEASE NOTE **
For reasons beyond our control the MAIL SERVER on geoinfo@geo.ed.ac.uk
isn't working.  Thus it is not currently possible to distribute the
catalogue or associated documents by email.  I don't know when the
service will return, because it is dependent on a software upgrade.
Regards,
Bruce Gittings
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
    __                     __                        E   D I N B U R G H   E D
   /  )         _  _      /  ` ._/_/ . _  _  __     D I N   B U R G H   E D I
  /--<  /`~/ / / )/_)    / _. / / / / / )/ )(      I N B U R   G H   E D I N
 /___/ /  (_/ (_ (_     (__/ / / / / / /(_/__)    N B U R G H     E D I N B
Dept. of Geography, Univ. of Edinburgh ._/       B U R G H   E D   I N B U
Drummond Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, Scotland.  U R G H   E D I N B   U R
E-mail: BRUCE@ED.AC.UK   Phone: (0)131-650 2558 / 2543   Fax: (0)131-650 2524
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
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Subject: Digital Elev. Data Catalogue (0/5)
From: bruce@geovax.ed.ac.uk (Bruce Gittings)
Date: 1 Sep 96 00:03:24 GMT
Coming in the following messages is the latest version of the Catalogue of
Digital Elevation Data which I have been collating.  Although primarily
describing topographic and bathymetric data, there are a number of hopefully
useful references to other forms of data.  There is also a section on software
used to create and manipulate DEMs and 3D data in a GIS environment.
I know that there is data available for some countries yet have no, or only
very sketchy, information. Also there are more question marks than I would like
within existing entries.  Any corrections / additions are always welcome via
e-mail.  The catalogue will be re-posted monthly.
Please send me ANY information you have,  even if based on hearsay - other
people will undoubtedly fill out the details - any clues are useful!
** CHANGES SINCE LAST MONTH **
o  New Software TruFlite  (Note (H)
** PLEASE NOTE **
For reasons beyond our control the MAIL SERVER on geoinfo@geo.ed.ac.uk
isn't working.  Thus it is not currently possible to distribute the
catalogue or associated documents by email.  I don't know when the
service will return, because it is dependent on a software upgrade.
Regards,
Bruce Gittings
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
    __                     __                        E   D I N B U R G H   E D
   /  )         _  _      /  ` ._/_/ . _  _  __     D I N   B U R G H   E D I
  /--<  /`~/ / / )/_)    / _. / / / / / )/ )(      I N B U R   G H   E D I N
 /___/ /  (_/ (_ (_     (__/ / / / / / /(_/__)    N B U R G H     E D I N B
Dept. of Geography, Univ. of Edinburgh ._/       B U R G H   E D   I N B U
Drummond Street, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, Scotland.  U R G H   E D I N B   U R
E-mail: BRUCE@ED.AC.UK   Phone: (0)131-650 2558 / 2543   Fax: (0)131-650 2524
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
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Subject: Digital Elev. Data Catalogue (2/5) [LONG!]
From: bruce@geovax.ed.ac.uk (Bruce Gittings)
Date: 1 Sep 96 00:03:35 GMT
##### Part 2 of the Digital Elevation Catalogue #####
                   Box 25286                    FAX: ?
                   Denver, CO  80225, USA.
      DCW is distributed on FOUR CDs, with PC software to read the Vector
      Product Format (VPF).  The size of the whole DCW database is approx.
      1.6GB.  The size of the hypsography is estimated at ~450MB.  There is
      also some supplementary hypsography which is estimated at ~150MB.  The
      individual 5 x 5 degree tiles vary greatly in terms of their data volume.
      The absolute accuracy of the DCW vector information is 2000m circular
      error (horizontal) and +/- 650m linear error (vertical) for the contours.
      The vertical accuracy for the spot heights is +/- 30m.  All are at 90-
      percent confidence as defined by the US Defense Mapping Agency (DMA).
      The structure of the DCW database is based on the Vector Product Format
      (Military Standard-MILSTD 60006) and the Vector Relational Format (VRF)
      of the International Digital Geographic Exchange Standard (DIGEST).  DCW
      is described by Military Specification (MIL-D-89009).  Both MILSTD 60006
      and MIL-D-89009 are available from:
      Standardization Document Order Desk
      Building 40
      700 Robbins Avenue
      Philadelphia
      PA 19111-5094, USA.
(2)   The Digital Chart of the World (DCW) DEM data consists of a resampled
      array of regularly spaced elevations at intervals of 30-by-30 arc-
      seconds. (which is approximately 1km).  The data have been generated
      using the ANUDEM program developed by the Australian National University
      (see Note (F) in software section below) and are at a resolution which is
      compatible with the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)
      sensor.  The horizontal datum is WGS84.  Elevation values are expressed
      in feet above mean sea level.
      This data produced from the Defense Mapping Agency's (DMA) 1:1M scale DCW
      database using the contour line, point height and hydrology layers.
      Although the accuracy of these data has not been measured or calculated,
      they will be no more accurate than the DCW source (see Note (1) above for
      details).  The EROS Data Center intends to generate this DEM data for the
      entire world to be distributed on CD-ROM as major geographic regions are
      completed.
      As of October, 1995 the following areas are complete and available for
      distribution:
         Madagascar (26S 43E x 11S 51E)
         Haiti   (Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Haiti - 15N 75W x 20N
                  65W)
         Africa  (40N 20W x 40S 60E)
         Japan   (25.812N 125.096E x 46.279N 150.004E)
         North America (incl. Hawaii) (180W 6N x 50W 90N)
         Europe (25W 35N x 70E 85N)
      NB. The North America dataset is compiled from a number of sources many
      of which were at an order of magnitude greater resolution (3 arc-
      seconds). These have been generalised down to 30 arc-seconds.
      The European data is also compiled from a series of sources but
      particularly DTED-1 (see Note (6), and thus has much greater accuracy
      than the other data-sets.  These datasets are available at no cost over
      the internet via anonymous ftp from the EROS Data Center at Sioux Falls,
      South Dakota, USA.  The address is edcftp.cr.usgs.gov (Numeric IP address
      is 152.61.128.6) and the data is in directory pub/data/30ASDCWDEM.  The
      files are located under sub-directories named after the area of interest
      (eg. AFRICA).
      For those unfamiliar with anonymous ftp...
      (NB. Commands may vary slightly with differing ftp implementations)
      > ftp edcftp.cr.usgs.gov
      220 dg3 FTP server (Version wu-2.4(3) Fri Apr 15 1994) ready.
      Name (EDCFTP.CR.USGS.GOV:bruce): anonymous
      331 Guest login ok, send your complete e-mail address as password.
      Password:
      230-This is the USGS/EROS Data Center anonymous FTP server.
      230-
      230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
      ftp> cd /pub/data/30ASDCWDEM
      ftp> ls
      150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for file list.
      AFRICA
      MADAGASCAR
      NORTH_AMERICA
      HAITI  etc. etc.
      ftp> cd HAITI
      ftp> get README
      The README file was the source document for this information and includes
      details of the data processing steps, algorithms used and detailed file
      formats.  The HAITI readme file (which gives details of the common data
      format used) is  available by sending email containing the text "SEND
      DCWDEM" to our information server (geoinfo@geo.ed.ac.uk).
      These data, and associated documentation, are also available via WWW at
      the URL:
      http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/guide/30asdcwdem
      The data are distributed as 16-bit straight raster image files in a
      latitude/longitude coordinate system.  There are 4 ancillary files that
      accompany each image file.  They contain the number of lines and samples
      of the image, geographic referencing information, and summary statistics.
      Note that the header file is appropriate for use with the Arc/Info Image
      Integrator.
      Files are named after the image with the following extensions:
         *.bil = image file       *.bilw = world file
         *.hdr = header file      *.stx = statistics file
         *.tik = coordinate file
      Note that to retrieve the image file you must switch ftp into "binary"
      mode.  All of the other files are ASCII text.  Thus you should use:
      ftp> binary
      ftp> get haiti.bil
      The Customer Services Section of the EROS Data Center will be able to
      provide up-to-date information about DCW DEM data availibility and areas
      that are in progress.  They will also take orders for this data on
      unlabeled nine-track magnetic tape at a 1600 or 6250 bpi density.
      They can be contacted at:
      Customer Services                         Tel: (605) 594-6151
      EROS Data Center                          FAX: (605) 594-6589
      Mundt Federal Building
      Sioux Falls
      SD 57198,  USA.
      Apparently University College London (UK) are also producing terrain
      models from DCW.
(3)   United States Geological Survey (the US national mapping agency) are at:
      Earth Science Information Center          Tel: 1-800-USA-MAPS
      US Geological Survey                           (Continental US Only)
      507 National Center                            (703) 860-6045/6336
      Reston, Va 22092, USA.                          (Others)
                                                FAX: 1-703-648-5548/5939
      Description of USGS DEM Products
      --------------------------------
      The 7.5' (30m) DEM is derived either by digitising USGS 1:24000 scale
      quad maps (which gives less accurate results) or by scanning aerial
      photographs (now exclusively involving the National Aerial Photography
      Programme quad-centred photographs).  Note that the vertical scale of the
      7.5' DEMs may be in feet (in areas lower relief) or in metres (in areas
      of higher relief).
      Many of the 7.5' DEMs (notably those capture by digitising existing map
      sheets) are regarded as being of relatively poor quality, particularly in
      places of high relief.  Also they are often not well edgematched as a
      result of being produced on the basis of individual map sheets.
      Significant gaps have been observed between quads.  Data interpolation is
      really the only viable means of filling these gaps.
      Importantly the 7.5' DEMs are referenced to the UTM cartesian co-ordinate
      system, whereas all other USGS DEMs are referenced to geographical
      (latitude/logitude) co-ordinates.
      The 30' and 15' DEMs are closely related products for the continental US.
      Each 30' DEM is also available as four 15' DEMs.  These products were
      produced either from digital contours obtained from maps between 1:24K
      and 1:100K scale or from resampling 7.5' DEMs.  They are referenced to
      North American Datum of 1927 (NAD 27) or NAD 83.  Elevations may be in
      metres or feet.  Elevations located on the minute lines (all four sides)
      correspond with the same profiles on adjoining DEM blocks.
      The 15' DEM for Alaska is a different product where one DEM corresponds
      closely to a 1"/mile (1:63360) map sheet.
      The 1 Degree DEM provides coverage in one by one degree blocks and is
      available for all of the contiguous United States, Hawaii and Alaska.
      The data is derived by reformatting the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) DTED
      Level 1 data, which was in turn taken from 1:250K maps and
      photogrammetric sources in the US.  Thus see Note (6) for accuracy
      information.
      The 1 Degree DEM consists of a regular array of elevations referenced
      horizontally on the geographic coordinate (latitude/longitude) system of
      the World Geodetic System 1972 (WGS 72) or, for a few DEMs, the WGS 84
      Datum.  Note that the World Geodetic System is significantly different to
      the North American Datum (NAD) used to reference the 7.5' DEMs.
      Conversion is possible, but is not trivial.  Elevation data located on
      the degree lines (all four sides) correspond with the same profiles on
      adjoining DEM blocks.
      Elevations are in meters relative to mean sea level.  Spacing of the
      elevations along and between each profile is 3 arc-seconds with 1201
      elevations per profile.  The only exception are DEMs in Alaska, where the
      spacing and number of elevations per profile varies depending on the
      latitudinal location of the DEM.  Latitudes between 50 and 70 deg. north
      have spacings at 6 arc-seconds with 601 elevations per profile and
      latitudes greater than 70 deg. north have spacings at 9 arc-seconds with
      401 elevations per profile.
      Digital Contour Data from USGS
      ------------------------------
      Several parts of the US have substantial 1:24K digital contour coverage
      that was obtained from scanning and vectoring 7.5 minute maps.  For
      example, much of north-central Nevada is done because this is an area of
      active gold mining.  It is reported that the entire state of Washington
      is done and will be available from the USGS from 1995.
      DEMs from USGS 1:100K scale maps are a few years away. The USGS have said
      they will not be working on these until the contour information is
      available in digital format (DLGs) for this map series.
      USGS DEM Accuracy
      -----------------
      The USGS classifies DEM accuracy into three distinct levels as follows:
         Level 1 (Now photogrammetric source only) RMSE 15m, Absolute
                 Maximum Error 50m.   Most of the 7.5' DEMs (and all new
                 ones) have a 7.5m RMSE.  The older digitised 15m
                 acccuracy DEMs will all eventually be replaced by those
                 of greater accuracy.
         Level 2 (Edited Photo Source, Cartographic Source) - RMSE < 0.5
                 contour interval, Absolute Maximum Error < 1 contour
                 interval.
         Level 3 (Cartographic Source) RMSE < 0.333 contour interval,
                 Absolute Maximum Error < 0.666 contour interval
      Virtually all 7.5' data is classified Level 1 (a few are Level 2).  All
      30' DEMs derived from 7.5' data are also classified Level 1;  all 30'
      DEMs dervied from contours are Level 2.  All 1 Degree DEMs are classified
      Level 3.  Remember that the 1 Degree DEMs are dervied from DMA DTED
      LEVEL-1 data, but the DMA use the term "level" to refer to spatial
      resolutions, whereas with USGS is is an accuracy measure.
      For all USGS DEMs the accuracy classification level is recorded within
      the DEM data structure.
      Obtaining USGS DEMs
      -------------------
      Importantly, because USGS data is public-domain, files are available over
      the internet via anonymous ftp.  A small selection of DEM data (together
      with DLG, GNIS and other data) is available from ftp://spectrum.xerox.com
      (Numeric IP address is 192.70.225.78).  There are currently more than 90
      7.5' (30m) DEMs and others are actively collected. The DEM data are
      located in the directory "/pub/map/dem".
      For those unfamiliar with anonymous ftp...
         > ftp spectrum.xerox.com
         220 spectrum FTP server (SunOS 4.1) ready.
         Name (SPECTRUM.XEROX.COM:bruce): anonymous
         331 Guest login ok, send e-mail ident as password.
         Password:
         ftp> cd /pub/map/dem
         ftp> ls
         .
         . list of available files
         .
         ftp> get INDEX-DEM
      NB. Commands may vary slightly with differing ftp implementations.
      IMPORTANT FILES (that you should collect) for spectrum.xerox.com:
         INDEX-DEM  - a list of the available DEM data
         NOTES-DEM  - a description of the DEMs
         README-DEM - details of costs etc. of acquiring data from USGS
      (Other sites may use different names for the important index files if
      they are available).
      The contact person from this ftp site is:
      Lee Moore                                 Tel: (716) 422 2496
      Webster Research Center                   E-mail: Moore.Wbst128@xerox.com
      Xerox Corporation
      All of the 1 Degree (1:250K) DEMs are available via anonymous ftp from
      ftp://edcftp.cr.usgs.gov (Numeric IP address is 152.61.192.70).  This ftp
      server is at the EROS Data Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.  These
      data are encoded with the GNUzip compression program,  although the
      server can automatically decompress the files as they are sent,  but
      remember the transfer time will take a lot longer.  The files average
      1.75MB compressed but are around 8.8 MB once uncompressed.
      For the contiguous US the files are organised in directories (A-Z) that
      represents the first character of the name of the DEM. The file names are
      from the corresponding 1x2 deg 1:250K scale quadrangle map name with "_e"
      or "_w" appended for the east or west block.  There is a simple index of
      these quadrangles available by email from geoinfo@geo.ed.ac.uk as file
      USGS250K).  The Alaskan files follow a similar structure but are in the
      sub-directory /Alaska.  Note that the data files are stored on a robotic
      mass-storage device so there may be a short delay (~10 secs) while the
      media is retrieved.
      This server also holds DEMs produced from DCW (see Note (2) above).  To
      access the parent collection of digital data at the EROS Data Center via
      the world wide web, connect to the following URL:
         http://sun1.cr.usgs.gov/eros-home.html
      An additional source of the USGS One Degree DEMs is:
      CD ROM Inc.,                              Tel: 303-526-7600
      Golden, Colorado, USA
      The U.S. is covered on 6 CDs:    CD 1  Longitude 64-83 W
                                       CD 2  Longitude 84-93 W
                                       CD 3  Longitude 94-101 W
                                       CD 4  Longitude 102-112 W
                                       CD 5  Longitude 113-160 W except
                                             Alaska
                                       CD 6  Alaska
      Prices are $495 for one CD, $1200 for CDs 1-5, $1566 for all six.  This
      is substantially cheaper than the prices for the same data on tape from
      USGS, if you want complete coverage.  Ftp access is likely to be most
      cost- effective if you have this facility.
      Information about USGS Products
      -------------------------------
      For a definitive description of the USGS DEM data and formats see the
      USGS Data Users Guide 5, "Digital Elevation Models".  This document can
      be ordered, for a small fee, from the Earth Science Information Center at
      the address above.  All of the USGS Data Users Guides (dealing with DEM,
      DLG, Land Use/Land Cover and Geographical Names data) together with
      standards documents for all of these data sets are available via
      anonymous ftp from ftp://www-nmd.usgs.gov in the directory /pub/til/.
      Information about the 1 Degree DEM can also be found through the World
      Wide Web (WWW) at the following URL:
      http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/guide/1_dgr_dem
      Extent of the USGS Digital Mapping Programme
      --------------------------------------------
      Complete DEM coverage is available at 1 Degree, 30' and 15'. However,
      only approx. 50% of the US (not Alaska) is covered by the 7.5' (30m)
      sheets.  The following table shows the total number of digital data files
      available at the end of the 1994 USGS financial year.
                               FY'94   FY'93
                             ------- -------
      *DEM (1 Deg or 1:250K)  1,385         (Complete minus three in
                                            Alaska)
      DEM (15' and 30')        N/A          (Complete ?)
      DEM (7.5' or 1:24K)    29,167  27,585
      DLG - boundaries       18,692  17,369
          - PLSS             15,403  14,144
          - transportation    8,153   7,009
          - hydrography       7,686   6,765
          - hypsography       2,659   2,362
          - vegetation cover  1,596   1,506
          - non-veg surf cvr  1,593   1,477
          - survey control    1,606   1,488
          - manmade features  1,720   1,471
      DLG (30' or 1:100K)
          - hydrography               1,842 (Complete except Alaska)
          - transport                 1,842 (Complete except Alaska)
          - boundaries        1,293    N/A  }
          - PLSS                969    N/A  } Estimate 2 years to complete
          - hypsography         834    N/A
      LULC (1:250K + 1:100K)            517 (Complete except Alaska)
      * Note that two defective 1 Degree (1:250K) DEMs have been found
        (one in Maine and one in Arizona)
      [Mark Fleury (mgfleury@netcom.com) posts regular updates of USGS
      production statistics to GIS-L / comp.infosystems.gis.  I will only
      publish year-end figures]
      Complete coverage of 7.5' (1:24K) data would extend to approx. 54,500
      quads for the 48 states and Hawaii, and I believe approx. another 4,000
      15' quads in Alaska.  7.5' DEMs coverage is complete for the states of WV
      and CT, very nearly complete for ID and extensive for
      UT,WY,CO,KY,TN,VA,PA,RI,VT and NH.
      USGS GeoData Availability Indexes
      ---------------------------------
      The USGS Lakewood Colorado Earth Science Information Center (ESIC) has a
      prototype US spatial data availability index,  which includes details of
      available USGS DEMs, Digital Line Graphs (DLGs) and Land Use Land Cover
      (LULC) data.  Indexes are updated on a monthly basis to provide the most
      current status of available US GeoData (information is intended to
      reflect more than just USGS data, although at the moment all data
      described is USGS data).
      These indexes are available via anonymous ftp (the operation of which is
      decribed earlier in this document) from the address greenwood.cr.usgs.gov
      (Numeric IP address is 136.177.48.5).  The file INDEX, which describes
      the contents of the repository,  should be picked up from the default
      directory;  the index files are in the directory "/pub/esic",  along with
      a useful "readme.txt" file.  Note that these files can be large (the one
      containing the 7.5' and 15' DEM indices is >1.5MB) and will get even
      larger over time.  The index files include:
      CDROM.TXT - Assortment of data files from National Mapping Division,
          Geologic Division, and Water Resources Division on CD-ROM
          format.
      DEM24.TXT - Large scale (7.5' and 15' units) Digital Elevation
          Models (DEMs). Contains states, alphabetically sorted quadrangle
          names, south-east longitudes/latitudes, file numbers, dates
          created and accuracy.
      DEM250.TXT - Defense Mapping Agency arc second DEMs.  Contains
          states, alphabetically sorted quadrangle names, south-east
          longitudes/latitudes and file numbers.
      DLG24.TXT - Large scale (7.5' and 15' units) Digital Line Graphs
          (DLGs).
      DLG100.TXT - Intermediate scale (30' by 60' units) DLGs.
      DOQS.TXT - Digital Orthophoto Quadrangle (DOQs) quarter-quadrangle
          images.
      LULC100.TXT - Intermediate scale (30' by 60' units) Land Use and
          Land Cover data
      LULC250.TXT - Small scale (1 by 2 degree units) Land Use and Land
          Cover data.
      USFSCFF.TXT - U.S. Forest Service digital Cartographic Feature Files
          (CFFs)  based on large-scale 7.5 minute quadrangles.  This is
          unstructured data,  but may exist for areas where DLGs are
          currently unavailable.
      WADNR.TXT - Washington State Department of Natural Resources digital
          data based on large-scale 7.5 minute quadrangles.  This data
          currently consists of hydrography data coverage for selected
          Washington quadrangles.
      Contact Eugene G. Ellis (gellis@usgs.gov) for further details or with
      problems.  The ESIC ftp server also holds a series primarily geological
      reports and datasets (including geological maps of various US states in
      Arc/Info format).
(4)   Ordnance Survey (the UK national mapping agency) are at:
      Romsey Road                               Tel: (0703) 792300
      Maybush                                   FAX: (0703) 792324
      Southampton  SO9 4DH, UK.
      The Ordnance Survey's 1:50 000 scale Digital Height Data (OS term for
      both contours and DEM) product is know as Land-Form PANORAMA.  It was
      produced by the Directorate of Military Survey from contours (at a 10m
      vertical interval) on OS Landranger maps (1:50K).  The contour data are
      in vector format and comprise contour lines, form lines, breaklines,
      lakes and coastlines, plus a selection of spot heights.  Contours are
      provided at 10m elevation intervals and spot heights to the nearest
      metre.
      The DTM data consists of height values at each intersection of a 50m
      horizontal grid, the values have been mathematically interpreted from the
      contours on Landranger maps.  Height values are rounded to the nearest
      metre, with those values over land being given the value of 1m.  Heights
      are listed reading south-north from the south-west corner of the 20Km
      square at 50m intervals, giving 401 points to a column.  This column is
      then succeeded by 400 columns.  The total number of heights is therefore
      160801.  DTM accuracy is variable depending on the nature of the terrain;
      results have ranged been 2m in hilly rural areas and 3m in lowland urban
      areas.
      Both the 1:10 000 Contour and DTM products (known as Land-Form PROFILE)
      are derived from the 1:10K map series contours (5m vertical interval but
      10m in mountainous terrain). The contour data is in vector format, with
      height recorded as an attribute.  The DTM data are available as an array
      of points at a user-defined spacing (typically 10m,  but this may be
      relaxed in order to reduce storage requirements).  The price of the
      product depends on whether the DTM is derived from contours alone or
      whether it is enhanced with other source information, such as high and
      low water marks, or levelled spot heights extracted from published large
      scale maps.  The 1:10K data are only available to special order and can
      be tailored to specific user requirements.  Complete coverage of the UK
      at 1:10K scale will not be complete until 1996, although the OS will
      digitise these areas to order if required.  Data formats include NTF,
      OSTF (older Ordnance Survey Transfer Format), MOSS, DXF and Laserscan
      IFF.
      NTF is the UK National Transfer Format (now incorporated within British
      Standard BS7567).  The OS are now distributing their data in NTF-2 (NTF
      Revision 2) which is *their interpretation* of BS7567. L1 is NTF Level 1,
      L4 is NTF Level 4 (levels are internal structures within NTF).
      StorageVolumes:
                  --------------------------------------------------------
        Scale     |              1:10K              |        1:50K       |
                  |---------------------------------|--------------------|
        Type      |    Contours    |      DEM       | Contours |   DEM   |
                  |----------------|----------------|----------|---------|
        Format    | NTF L2 |  DXF  | NTF L5 |  DXF  |  NTF L1  |  NTF L5 |
                  |--------|-------|--------|-------|----------|---------|
        Average   |  1.2MB | 4.0MB |  1.5MB | 19.5MB|   1.5MB  |   0.75MB|
                  |        |       |        |       |          |         |
        Maximum   |  2.8MB | 9.5MB |  1.5MB | 19.5MB|   4.5MB  |   0.75MB|
                  --------------------------------------------------------
      Note that because the DEMs are derived from contours and not the other
      way round any contours generated from the DEM will not necessarily fit
      back onto the map sheet!  I am told that the OS 1:50K DEM edge-matches
      "very well".
(5)   The 10' data was produced originally by the US Navy Fleet Numeric
      Oceanographic Center (FNOC) and consists of a 1080 x 2160 Geographic Grid
      (Lat / Long) containing Elevation (Max/Min/Mode to +/- 30 feet), Urban
      and Water Cover, Number and Direction of Ridges, Primary and Secondary
      Surface type (valley, lake, marsh, desert, ice-pack, low/avg/high/rugged
      mountains etc.).
      The 5' dataset (known as ETOPO5) is a mosaic of a variety of different
      data sources produced in the mid-1980's.  It consists of a 2160 x 4320
      Geographic (Lat - Long) centroid-registered grid.  Although it is
      presented at 5' much of the land areas are resampled from the FNOC 10'
      DEM.
      The marine component of ETOPO5 uses the USA Naval Oceanographic Office's
      Digital Bathymetric Data Base 5-minutes (DBDB5) - see also Note (9).
      This is a 5-minute lat-lon grid.  Grid cells are centred over lat-lon
      lines (for example, the top row contains 4320 identical values of -4290
      metres for the North Pole).  All the land-based grids, to the best of my
      knowledge, are bounded by lat-lon lines (that is, centroid-registered)
      and thus an inherent slight misregistration occurs between land and
      oceans.
      For Australia, ETOPO5 consists of a 5-minute lat-lon grid from Australian
      Bureau of Mineral Resources.  For New Zealand, a 5-minute lat-lon grid
      from the Department of Industrial and Scientific Research is used.
      For much of North America, Europe, the Mediterranean, Japan, and Korea
      data from the U.S. Defense Mapping Agency (DMA), or its partial
      predecessor the Army Map Service,  are used.  For the co-terminous USA
      (lower 48 states) this is a 30-second lat-lon grid, for other areas, a 5-
      minute lat-lon grid.
      For all remaining land areas the USA Navy's Fleet Numerical Oceanography
      Center (FNOC) 10-minute lat-lon grid is used (described above).  These
      data are expressed to the nearest 30 feet while all of the original 5'
      data are expressed to the nearest metre.
      The ETOPO5 dataset was originally assembled by Margo Edwards while she
      was a graduate student at Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri,
      with the support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
      Administration's National Geophysical Data Center (NOAA/NGDC) who
      provided the individual datasets. Peter Sloss of NGDC has periodically
      inserted corrections into the data set - the corrections have been
      offered by numerous people.  Thus there have been several updates to the
      original ETOPO5.
      NGDC's policy was that the ETOPO5 data should be widely and freely
      available.  This policy has given rise to a minor problem,  in that there
      are copies of different versions of the dataset widely available on the
      internet.  Determining which version is which is just about impossible
      and it is likely that at least some of these represent personal
      improvements or corruptions of the original version(s) of ETOPO5
      distributed by NGDC.
      The data has been placed on the walrus.wr.usgs.gov ftp server in the
      directory /pub/data.  Logon as "anonymous" and give your email address as
      the password.  There is a README file,  although note that the sources of
      ETOPO5, as described above, contrdict with what is stated in this README
      file.  I am reliably informed that the README file is wrong!
      The dataset divided into the northern and southern hemispheres.  The two
      files total 16.2MB in UNIX compressed format ('Z' files).  Binary
      transfer is required.  The ETOPO5 data can also be found on ftp://
      nic.funet.fi in the /pub/doc/world/etopo5 directory (this machine is in
      Finland).
      The 5' (ETOPO5) and 10' data-sets are available as part of the Global
      Ecosystems Database,  produced by the NGDC, on Compact Disk.  This is
      designated "Disk A" and is intended to be the first of a set issued on an
      annual basis.  The data are in a standard ISO 9600 CD-ROM format. The CD
      comes with DOS executable software (a subset of IDRISI) and includes
      export capabilities for UNIX users.  Direct CD access from UNIX is
      possible but it will probably require format conversion.  This is
      available from:
      Global Ecosystems Database Project        Tel: (303) 497-6125
      National Geophysical Data Center          FAX: (303) 497-6513
      325 Broadway E/GC1                        Email: info@mail.ngdc.noaa.gov
      Boulder, CO 80303, USA
      The ETOPO5 data base, the FNOC 10-minute gridded Modal height data for
      land masses and a gridded 30-second data base for the 48 contiguous
      United States from the US Geological Survey are all on the CD-ROM called
      the Global Relief CD-ROM.  This may be a different version of ETOPO5 than
      contained on the Global Ecosystems CD-ROM mentioned above.
      Prepayment is required for this CD-ROM. The cost is $100 + $10 non-USA
      shipping.  Credit cards are accepted with details transmitted by phone,
      FAX or email.  Cheques should be made payable to "NOAA/National
      Geophysical Data Center".  Further details from:
      NOAA/NGDC                                 Tel: (303) 497-6338
      325 Broadway E/GC4                        FAX: (303) 497-6513
      Boulder, CO 80303, USA                    Email: info@ngdc.noaa.gov
      URL: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov
      (See also Note (37) regarding other data available from NOAA/NGDC)
(6)   This is military data.  Agencies of the Executive Branch of the U.S.
      Federal Government may acquire such data under certain procedures with
      DMA, but the data are not freely copyable.  Only some of the 90m data has
      been released and I understand that release has been suspended due to
      "sensitivity" of some components of the data-set in addition to
      politics.
      Although the changing world political situation should increase the
      likelihood of this (and other more detailed) datasets being released into
      the public-domain there are complex arrangements involving honouring
      bilateral agreements with the many individual sources of these data.
      Since most governments have state copyright of DEMs or source data, and
      DMA wishes to continue to work with these governments, it honours these
      copyrights and accepts that they apply to the DTED data.  The DMA does
      not want to be seen as dumping large volumes of cheap data into the
      public domain when the individual countries (especially European
      countries) inevitably wish to sell similar data for a significant prices.
      Countries have told the US that they would wish to 'profit' from the sale
      of data covering their national territory.  Thus DMA have backed away
      from any release strategy.  However, for individual countries, the data
      may be available through the government or national mapping agency of
      that country (usually at significant cost).
      DTED-1 (the 90m data) was originally designed to provide basic
      quantitative data for military training, planning and operating systems
      that require terrain  elevation, slope and related information.  This
      includes applications such as  modeling the influence of terrain on radar
      line-of-sight, automatic height  determination, terrain modeling etc.
      Further enquiries to:
      The Director                              Tel: (301) 227-2495
      DMA Combat Support Center
      ATTN: PMA
      Washington, DC 20315-0010, USA
      They can supply "Digital Sample Set #1" which consists of eight cells of
      Digital Terrain Elevation Data Level 1 (DTED-1) for 43 N to 45 N  113W to
      109W on 1600 or 6250 bpi, 9 track, 1/2" mag tape.  Cost $600.  This
      includes a copy of the DMA Product Specification.
      I am told that a catalogue of available DMA DTED data forms Part 7 of
      Volume 1 of the Department of Defense (DOD) DMA Catalog available from:
      Defense Mapping Agency                    Tel: AV 693-4546
      Aerospace Center                               com 314-263-4546
      ATTN: PPGD
      3200 South Second Street
      St. Louis, MO 63118-3399, USA
      The Absolute Horizontal Accuracy is 130m circular error at 90%
      probability and the Absolute Vertical Accuracy is +/- 30 m linear error
      at 90% probability.  The quoted size of the cells (~3Mb) is smaller in
      northern latitudes.
(7)   CDSLI is the Chief Directorate of Surveys and Land Information, the South
      African national mapping agency.  They are located at:
      CDSLI,                                    Tel: +27 21 685 4070
      Private Bag X10,                          FAX: +27 21 689 1351
      Mowbray, 7705,
      South Africa.
      200m DEMs exist for about half the country (the more interesting areas),
      400m DEMs exist for the rest of the country (the flat bits). CDSLI are
      starting to produce 50 metre DEMs as well. The absolute height accuracy
      of the 50m DEM is 2.5 metres, though this DEM is only available for the
      Cape Peninsula area and the Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vaal area. During the
      1994/5 financial year they intend creating a 50m DEM for the greater
      Durban area.
      Each DEM covers a quarter-degree square (to match the 1:50 000 national
      mapping series).  They are on the Gauss Conformal projection on the
      Clarke 1880 (modified) ellipsoid.  NES is the South African National
      Exchange Standard, copies of which are also available from CDSLI.
      NB. 1996: A recent survey identifies the following prices for the
                50m and 400m DEMs (in US dollars):
                  per km2       Total      Copyright Restrictions
                  -------       -----      ----------------------
      50m DEM     $0.0040       $4,909     One-time license fee
      400m DEM    $0.32         $1,979     "                  "
(8)   CD1 of the Global GRASS CD-ROMs contains the following files (as well as
      many others); world topographic elevation ranges, continental shelf,
      aspect (direction of slope), a shaded relief map.
      CD2 contains the following files (amongst others);  a bathymetry file,
      visual earth - shaded image file, a ridge systems file, a shaded relief
      map (replaces the one in CD1), a file containing major mountains of the
      world.
      These data are based on ETOPO5 (see above) but is in GRASS 4.0 format,
      however that is equivalent to Bit-Interleaved Pixel (BIP) format, which
      can be read into ARC/INFO GRID and other systems.
      CD4 "Sites of the World" has a high resolution (1.5') gray scale shaded
      relief map showing detailed watershed basins in colour (as well as other
      files).  The data is in COMPRESSED GRASS format making export to other
      GISs more difficult.
      Prices are as follows
      CD1:   $375             CD4:   $225        All 5:   $1,125
      CD2:   $300             CD5:   $225     CD 1,2&3:   $  750
      CD3:   $250
      $10 required for shipping outisde US, 25% reduction for US federal
      agencies.
      For further details (e.g. data sources) and an order form,  send your FAX
      number or postal mailing address to:
      Scott Madry, Associate Director        Tel: 908-932-1582
      Center for Remote Sensing and          Fax: 908-932-8746
      Spatial Analysis, Cook College       Email: madry@ocean.rutgers.edu
      Box 231, College Farm Road,
      Rutgers University,
      New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
      OR
      Carine O'neil                        Email: coneil@ocean.rutgers.edu
      Global Dataset Project Coordinator
      same address
      same phone/fax
(9)   The Digital Bathymetric Data Base 5-Minutes (DBDB5) is a 5-minute lat-lon
      grid,  with grid cells are centred over lat-lon lines (for example, the
      top row contains 4320 identical values of -4290 metres for the North
      Pole).  To obtain this dataset, contact:
      Francis Marchan,                          Tel: (601) 688 4327
      US Naval Oceanographic Office,
      Stennis Space Centre,
      Mississippi, 39522-5001, USA.
      Another source for this data is the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
      Administration's National Geophysical Data Center (NOAA/NGDC), as DBDB5
      is the bathymetry in ETOPO5 (see Note (5), and is also contained in
      TerrainBase (see Note 37).
(10)  The GEBCO Digital Atlas covers the entire world.  The main source was the
      1:10M scale 5th Edition of the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans
      but there are large areas such as the Mediterranean and the South
      Atlantic which are based on scales up to 1:1M.  The GEBCO Digital Atlas
      is available CD-ROM.  It contains contours (the smallest contour interval
      is 100m), individually adjusted vector ship track data, special survey
      boxes, geographical names of undersea features, World Vector Shoreline
      and Tracks derived from the NGDC GEODAS dataset for comparison.  Also
      included is a full suite of display and output software.  This will
      provide output in DXF and GF3 formats.
      The CD-ROM costs 99 Pounds (+ VAT for European Union customers) and is
      available from:
      Dr Meirion Jones / Ms Pauline Weatherall  Tel ?
      British Oceanographic Data Centre (BODC)  FAX ?
      Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory
      Bidston Observatory
      Birkenhead
      Merseyside, L43 7RA
      UK.
      Email: BODC@unixa.nerc-bidston.ac.uk
(11)  The Institut Geographique National (IGN) are the French national mapping
      agency and their DEM data is available from:
      Mr. Lutrot,                               Tel: +33 1 43.98.85.01
      Institut Geographique National,           FAX: +33 1 43.98.85.05
      Departement Grand Clients
      (Industrial Customers Dept),
      BP 68 - 2, Avenue Pasteur,
      94160, St Mande, France.
      The DEMs are produced from a contour line database,  by linear
      interpolation.  This database was built from 1:25000 map sheets
      (exceptionally from 1:10000 level) and for some areas directly extracted
      from aerial photographs at 1:60000 (mainly where the slope was too
      important so that extraction of contour lines from maps would lead to
      intersections).  The basic coverage unit for these DEMs is the 1:50000
      sheet (20 x 28 Km).  They are distributed in a proprietary ASCII format
      on a restricted use basis. The scale is customizable (75m mean, min 50m,
      max 100m) from 1:25K and 1:50K.  Derived DEMs are available (200m and
      over). The vertical accuracy varies with the data source - 10m from 1:25K
      maps, 40m from stereoplotting.  Approximately 4 bytes are used per point
##### End of Part 2 of the Digital Elevation Catalogue (39861 bytes) #####
Return to Top
Subject: Digital Elev. Data Catalogue (1/5) [LONG!]
From: bruce@geovax.ed.ac.uk (Bruce Gittings)
Date: 1 Sep 96 00:03:28 GMT
##### Part 1 of the Digital Elevation Catalogue #####
CATALOGUE OF DIGITAL ELEVATION DATA                   LAST UPDATED: 15-AUG-1996
===================================
(c) Bruce M. Gittings, 1996.
This catalogue is available from the following sources:
  -  Posting on GIS-L / comp.infosystems.gis at the start of each month
  -  Through the World-Wide Web at URL http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/home/ded.html
  -  By sending email to geoinfo@geo.ed.ac.uk containing the command
     "SEND DEM"
This catalogue was compiled using my own information and the contributions of a
large number of helpful readers of GIS-L.  It includes details of elevation and
bathymetric data, together with a section on available software for the display
and manipulation of these data.  I would be very grateful for any corrections or
additions, which you can be assured will be of benefit to the whole community.
I am most grateful to the many individuals who have contributed.  I have not
acknowledged individual names because some have specifically wished to maintain
their anonimity.  If you supply me with material which, for one reason or
another, should have a name attached I am happy to do this.  I also must
acknowledge the enormous help of Ernie Beale (msc9601@geo.ed.ac.uk) who has
put a lot of work into extending the catalogue.
Some additional information (e.g. electronic documents which were the source of
some of the information included here) are available by e-mailing our automatic
information server (geoinfo@geo.ed.ac.uk).
PLEASE read the COPYRIGHT NOTICE and DISCLAIMER at the end of this message (if
either of these are missing, then this posting is incomplete).
REG NAME/SUPPLR     SCALE/RESOL'N VACm FORMAT   SIZE     COST      MEDIA   NOTE
--- --------------- ------------- ---- -------- -------- --------- ------- -----
WOR DCW             1:1M as       ~650 VPF      600MB    #200      CD      (1)
                    1000ft
                    Contour &
                    Spot Heights
WOR EROS DCW-DEM    30"x30" DEM   <650 Binary   ?        Free      Mag     (2)
                                       Raster                      Tape
WOR NOAA NGDC /     FNOC Elev.,   9    2 Byte   28MB     ~$100 CD  CD      (5)
    NCAR 10'        Terrn. &           Integers
                    Surf. Char.
                    as 10 min
                    Grid
WOR National        ETOPO5 5 min  9/1  2 Byte   18.5MB   ~$100 CD  CD      (5)
    Geophysical     DEM                Integers
    Data Center
WOR Defense Mapping 90m/30m DEM   30   DTED-1   ~3MB per $600      Mag     (6)
    Agency (DMA)    (see note)                  1x1                Tape
                                                degree
                                                tile
WOR Global GRASS    4'48" Raster  ?    GRASS    ?        $300      CD      (8)
                    Various
                    Files
WOR Digital         5' Raster     ?    ?        ?        Low(!)    ?       (9)
    Bathymetry      Cells
    Database
WOR GEBCO           1:10M / 1:1M  ?    MGD77,   ?        #99       CD      (10)
                    Bathymetry         DXF, GF3
WOR Axys Software   Various       ?    QUIKMap  ?        ?         ?       (21)
    Ltd.
WOR MRJ Inc.        Marine Data   ?    A/INFO   <1 CD    ?         Mag     (28)
                    Sampler                                        Tape &
                                                                   Disk
WOR Hamilton        5 min DEM     ?    2 Byte   18.5MB   $1195     Mag     (35)
    Exploration                        Integers                    Tape
WOR NOAA/NGDC       Bathym.       ?    ?        ?        ~$80      CD      (37)
WOR NOAA/NGDC       Topo / Bath   ?    ?        ?        ~$80      CD      (37)
                    5' DEM
WOR NOAA / #1029-   1 degree DEM                         $164      Mag     (37)
    A07-001                                                        Tape
WOR NOAA/NGDC       GLOBE 30"     ?    ?        ?        ~$80      CD      (37)
                    DEM
WOR ISTAR SPOT      Various from  ?    Various  ?        see note  Various (43)
                    SPOT
WOR GETECH          Enhanced      <125 ?        ?        $1500     CD      (44)
                    ETOPO5
WOR Technical Univ. 5'x5',                      1-13.5                     (78)
    Graz            30'x30', 1                  MB
                    deg x 1 deg
AFR EROS DCW-DEM    30" x 30"     <650 Binary   ?        Free      Mag     (2)
                    DEM                Raster                      Tape
AFR ANU/CRES        >1:1M         <150 ASCII    <1 CD    AU$20     CD      (47)
EUR EROS DCW-DEM    30" x 30"     <30  Binary   ?        Free      Mag     (2)
                    DEM                Raster                      Tape
EUR Bartholomews    1:1M          ?    A/INFO   ?        ~#4-500   ?       (34)
                    Contours/          (others           per
                    Bathymetry         avail.)           country
EUR GETECH          2.5' DEM      ?    ?        ?        $1500     CD      (44)
                    (enhanced
                    ETOP05)
SAM GETECH          3' DEM        ?    ?        ?        ?         CD      (44)
                    (enhanced
                    ETOP05)
?   ESRI Inc.       Various Data  ?    ARC/INFO ?        See Note  ?       (30)
                    Sets
ANT SCAR            1:200K to     ?    A/INF0   <1 CD    #100      CD      (29)
                    1:5M               (PC)
ASI UNEP-GRID       Hydrology                                              (91)
AST BEV             25m, 50m DEM  ?    ASCII    ?        ATS53 per Mag     (32)
                                                         km2       Tape,
                                                                   Disk,
                                                                   Exabyte
AUS AUSLIG          Highest       ?    AUSLIG   see note see note  Mag     (12)
                    Point Grid         DEM                         Tape /
                                                                   Disk
AUS AUSLIG          Irreg. Spot   ?    ?        ?        AU$100    ?       (12)
                    Heights                              per
                                                         1:250K
                                                         sheet
AUS AUSLIG          18" Grid      1    ASCII    ?        AU$150    ?       (12)
                    (~500m) of                           per
                    above spot                           1:100K
                    heights                              sheet
AUS AUSLIG          100m, 200m                           see note          (12)
                    DEM
AUS AGSO            6' (~11 Km)   4-5  ?        ?        AU$750    ?       (13)
                    Grid
AUS Dept. Env. Nat. +100m DEM     ?    8 bit, 1 ?        AU$400    CD      (39)
    Res.            for Murray         band
                    River
AUS ANU/CRES        3' or 1.5'    ~10  ASCII    ?        AU$2000 & ?       (48)
                    DEM Whole                            5000
                    Country
AUS ANU/CRES        1' DEM        ~10  ASCII    ?        AU$1500   ?       (48)
                    (state)
AUS New South Wales 25m DEM                                                (73)
    LIC
AUS New South Wales 5m DEM                      >72K     AU$100 &          (73)
    LIC                                         points   AU$20 /
                                                         km2
AUS DOLA                               Digital           AU$20 700         (74)
                                       Contour
                                       Data
AUS Survey and      ungridded     1:25                   not fixed         (75)
    Mapping         DEM
    Victoria
AUS Bureax of       6' (11km)     4-5           400K                       (76)
    Mineral         DEM                         points
    Resources (BMR)
AUS Lands S A       1:25K -       0.3- see note          see note          (77)
                    1:50K DEM
BEL IGN DTM L1      6"x3" or      see  see note ?        250,000   Mag     (38)
                    3"x3"                                BFr       Tape
BEL IGN             30m, 100m                            see note          (38)
                    DEMs
BEL IGN DTM L2      2"x1" or      see  see note ?        500,000   Mag     (38)
                    1"x1"                                BFr       Tape
BEL IGN             1:10K and     ?    ?        ?        ?         Mag     (38)
                    1:20K                                          tape
                    Contours                                       (?)
BGD UNEP-GRID       5'                          130 kb                     (91)
BLZ Land Info       20m contours  <20  A/INFO                      Mag     (85)
    Center Belize                                                  Tape
BUR UNEP-GRID       5'                          1.37 MB                    (91)
CAN EROS DCW-DEM    30" x 30"     <650 Binary   ?        Free      Mag     (2)
                    DEM                Raster                      Tape
CAN Natural         1:250K        ?    IGraph   ?        CD$500    ?       (20)
    Resources       Contours           DGN               per map
    Canada                                               file
CAN Canadian        ?             ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (23)
    Hydrographic
    Service
CAN Canadian        1:250K Great  ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (24)
    Hydrographic    Lakes
    Service, NOAA   Bathymetry
                    Contours
CAN Comm. Data      ~93m (3sec)   ?    Binary   ?        Dep. on   CD      (25)
    Services Inc.   DEM                (DoD)             qnty
CAN British         1:250K DEM    ?    ASCII    ?        CD$230    ?       (26)
    Columbia                                             per sheet
CAN British         1:20K DEM     ?    ?        ?        CD$600    ?       (27)
    Columbia
CAN EDX Engineering Terrain            Own &             see note  Disk,   (46)
                    Elev. Data         ASCII                       CD-ROM
CAN Ontario MNR     60m, 100m     2.5,                                     (79)
                    DEMs
CAN Geomatics       100m DEM                             see note          (86)
    Canada
CBD UNEP-GRID       5'                          480 kb                     (91)
CHI SIIASA          Contours      ?    A/INFO,  ?        ?         ?       (14)
                                       IGraph
                                       MGE
CYP Cyprus Dept. of 1:100K        ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (50)
    Lands and       Topography
    Surveys
DEN Denmark         Various       ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (51)
                    raster topo.
DEN Denmark         1:500K, 1:1   ?    DXF,     ?        ?         ?       (51)
                    Mio. topo.         DSFL
DEN Denmark         1:200K Topo.  ?    DXF,     ?        ?         ?       (51)
                                       DSFL
DEN Denmark         1:750K        ?    DXF,     ?        8.000 Dkr ?       (51)
                    Topography         DSFL
DEN Denmark Digital ?             ?    DXF,     ?        ?         ?       (51)
    Height Model                       DSFL
EEU see note        see note           see note                            (90)
FIN National Land   1:10K, 1:20K  2-5  ASCII    750kB    100 FIM   ?       (22)
    Survey of                                   per      per
    Finland                                     5x5km2   5x5km2
FIN National Land   DEM 25x25     2-5  ERDAS,   750kB    1.50 FIM  ?       (22)
    Survey of                          DISIMP   per      per km2
    Finland                                     5x5km2
FIN National Land   DEM 50x50     2-5  Rodika   750kB    1.50 FIM  ?       (22)
    Survey of                                   per      per km2
    Finland                                     5x5km2
FIN National Land   1:50 000      ?    EDIFACT  ?        ?         Mag     (22)
    Survey of       Vector topo.                                   Tape
    Finland                                                        (1600)
FIN National Land   1:200K        ?    EDIFACT  ?        ?         Mag     (22)
    Survey of       Heights /                                      Tape
    Finland         contours                                       (1600)
FRA IGN             40m DEM       10   ASCII    350KB    16800 FF  ?       (11)
                    (from 1:50K                 per map  per 1:50K
                    maps)                       sheet    sheet
FRA IGN             50m 75m 100m                         see note          (11)
                    250m 500m
                    DEMs
FRA IGN             1km DEM       30-3          3500 x   66000 FF          (11)
                                                4200
                                                points
FRA IGN / BD        1:1 Mio.      ?    ?        ?        ?         Mag     (11)
    Million         Hypsom.                                        Tape
                                                                   (800 /
                                                                   1600)
FRA IGN / MNT       6' x 4.5'     5-40                             Mag     (11)
                    DEM                                            Tape
FRA IGN / BDZ       see note                    175 Mio. see note          (11)
                                                points
GDP IGN / BDZ       see note                    see note see note          (11)
GER Hessen Province 40m Grid or   2    ASCII    ?        $200 per  Mag     (15)
                    Irreg.                               km2       Tape &
                    Points                                         Disk
GER Bavaria         50/100/200m   2-3  DXF, SQD ?        15DM per  ?       (36)
                    DEM                                  km2
GER Bavaria /       1:500K        ?    SICAD-   ?        ?         ?       (36)
    GEOGIS-500                         SQD,
                                       EDBS
GER Bavaria         1:25K /       ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (36)
                    1:50K /
                    1:100K
                    Raster topo.
GER Bavaria         ? (Contour    0.5  ?        ?        ?         ?       (36)
                    lines)
GER Bavaria /       1:25K Topo.   ?    SICAD-   ?        ?         ?       (36)
    GEOGIS-25                          SQD
GER Baden-          1:25K Topo.   ?    EDBS,    ?        ?         ?       (63)
    Wurttemberg                        SICAD-
                                       SQD
GER Baden-          50 x 50m      2-5  SICAD-   ?        60,000 DM Mag     (63)
    Wurttemberg     Spot heights       SQD                         Tape
                                                                   (1600)
GER Baden           50m DEM       2.3  ATKIS                       Mag     (63)
    Wuttenberg                         DHM                         Tape
GER Baden-          1:25K /       ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (63)
    Wurttemberg     1:50K Raster
                    topo.
GER Hamburg         ? (Topo.)     ?    SICAD-   ?        ?         ?       (64)
                                       SQD
GER Hessen          1:25K Topo.   ?    EDBS,    ?        ?         ?       (65)
                                       IGraph
GER Hessen          100 x 100m    5    ?        ?        ?         ?       (65)
                    Spot heights
GER Hessen          40 x 40m      2    ?        ?        ?         ?       (65)
                    Spot heights
GER Hessen          1:25K /       ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (65)
                    1:50K /
                    1:100K
                    Raster topo.
GER Mecklenburg-    1:25K Topo.   ?    EDBS,    ?        ?         ?       (66)
    Vorpommern                         SICAD-
                                       SQD
GER Mecklenburg-    ? (Raster     ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (66)
    Vorpommern      topo.)
GER Nordrhem        1:25K Topo.   ?    EDBS     ?        AdV-cost  ?       (67)
    Westfallen                                           frame-
                                                         work
GER Nordrhem        10 x 10m      0.3- ?        ?        AdV-cost  ?       (67)
    Westfallen /    Spot heights                         frame-
    DGM10                                                work
GER Nordrhem        25m           1:5K ATKIS             DM 30.0 /         (67)
    Westfallen /                       DHM               km2
    DTM5
GER Nordrhem        >25m DEM      1:25 ATKIS             DM40 /            (67)
    Westfallen /                       DHM               km2
    DTM25
GER Nordrhem        50 x 50m      2-5  ?        ?        AdV-cost  ?       (67)
    Westfallen /    Spot heights                         frame-
    DGM50                                                work
GER Nordrhem        1:50K /       ?    TIFF,    ?        AdV-cost  ?       (67)
    Westfallen      1:100K /           Scitex            frame-
                    1:500K             Type 30           work
                    Raster topo.
GER Rheinland       1:25K Topo.   ?    EDBS,    ?        ?         ?       (68)
    Pfaltz                             SICAD-
                                       SQD
GER Rhineland       40 x 40m      2    ASCII,   ?        AdV cost  Mag     (68)
    Pfaltz          Spot heights       EBCDIC            frame-    Tape
                                                         work      (1600 /
                                                                   6250),
                                                                   Floppy
                                                                   (5.25 /
                                                                   3.5)
GER Rheinland       40m DEM       2-9  ATKIS             DM 30566  Mag     (68)
    Pfaltz                             DHM                         Tape
GER Rhineland       ? (Raster     ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (68)
    Pfaltz          topo.)
GER Rhineland       20 x 20m      0.5  ASCII,   ?        AdV cost  Mag     (68)
    Pfaltz          Spot heights       EBCDIC            frame-    Tape
                                                         work      (1600 /
                                                                   6250),
                                                                   Floppy
                                                                   (5.25 /
                                                                   3.5)
GER Saarland        1:25K Topo.   ?    EDBS,    ?        ?         ?       (69)
                                       SICAD-
                                       SQD
GER Saarland / DGM5 1:5K          0.5  SCOP,    ?        ?         Mag     (69)
                    Contours           EDBS,                       Tape
                                       SICAD-                      (1600 /
                                       SQD                         6250),
                                                                   Disk,
                                                                   S.tape
GER Saarland / DHM5 20 x 20m      0.5  SCOP     ?        ?         Mag     (69)
                    Spot heights       (KARTE00                    Tape
                                       1 /                         (1600 /
                                       WINPUT)                     6250),
                                       in                          Disk,
                                       ASCII/                      S.tape
                                       EBCDIC
GER Saxony          1:25K Topo.   ?    SICAD-   ?        ?         ?       (70)
                                       SQD
GER Slesvig-        1:25K Topo.   ?    EDBS     ?        ?         ?       (71)
    Holstein
GER Slesvig-        ? (Raster     ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (71)
    Holstein        topo.)
GER Slesvig-        12.5 x 12.5m  0.5  ?        ?        ?         ?       (71)
    Holstein        Spot heights
GER Thuringia       1:25K Topo.   ?    EDBS     ?        ?         ?       (72)
GER Thuringia       25 x 25m      5    ?        ?        ?         ?       (72)
                    Spot heights
GER Thuringia       25 x 25m      9    ?        ?        ?         ?       (72)
GNL Kort-og-        5'x10' DEM                           Nil       Floppy  (80)
    Matrikelstyrels                                                disk
    en
GRE Military        1:5K          ?    A/INFO,  ?        60K Gdr   Mag     (42)
    Geographical    Contours           DXF, ASC          per sheet Tape &
    Service                                                        Disk
GRE Military        250m DEM      ?    A/INFO   ?        5M Gdr    Mag     (42)
    Geographical                                                   Tape &
    Service                                                        Disk
HAI EROS DCW-DEM    30" x 30"     <650 Binary   ?        Free      Mag     (2)
                    DEM                Raster                      Tape
HUN Hungary / DTM-  100 x 100m    ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (53)
    100             Spot heights
HUN Hungary / DTA-  1:500K        ?    DXF      ?        Bilat.    ?       (53)
    500                                                  agreem.
HUN Hungary / DTA-  50x50m Spot   ?    ?        ?        Bilat.    ?       (53)
    50              heights                              agreem.
HUN Hungary / DTM-  1 x 1km DTM   ?    ?        ?        Bilat.    ?       (53)
    1000                                                 agreem.
HUN Hungry / DTM-   200 x 200m    ?    ?        ?        Bilat.    ?       (53)
    200             DTM                                  agreem.
HUN Hungary / DTA-  1:200K        ?    DXF      ?        Bilat.    ?       (53)
    200             Topo., no                            agreem.
                    contours
IDN UNEP-GRID       5'                          2,7 mb                     (91)
IRE Bartholomews    1:500K        ?    A/INFO   ?        ~#400     ?       (34)
                    Contours
IRE OS Ireland      1:2 500       ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (54)
                    Raster topo.
IRE OS Ireland      1:10 560      ?    NTF      ?        ?         ?       (54)
                    Raster topo.
IRE OS Ireland      1:126 720     ?    NTF      ?        ?         ?       (54)
                    Contours
IRE OS Ireland      1:50K Topo.   ?    NTF      ?        ?         ?       (54)
ISR Survey of       25m, 50m                             see note          (87)
    Israel          DEMs
ITA Istitutio       1:25K Topo /  ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (55)
    Geografico      contours
    Militare
    Italiano (IGMI)
    / Serie 25
ITA IGMI / Serie 50 1:50K         ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (55)
ITA IGMI            1:500K        ?    ?        ?        ?         Mag     (55)
                                                                   tape
                                                                   (1600)
ITA IGMI / Serie    1:250K Topo.  ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (55)
    250
ITA IGMI            20m DEM                                                (55)
JPN EROS DCW-DEM    30" x 30"     <650 Binary   ?        Free      Mag     (2)
                    DEM                Raster                      Tape
JPN SIIASA          Contours      ?    A/INFO,  ?        ?         ?       (14)
                                       IGraph
                                       MGE
JPN Geological      280 x 230m    ?    ASCII    88shts x Free,     CD      (18)
    Survey          DEM                         ?        small fee
    Institute
JPN Geographical    250m DEM      3    ASCII    ?        Y9700 per Disk    (19)
    Survey                                               floppy
    Institute
JPN Geographical    50m DEM       ?    ASCII    ?        Y9700 per Disk    (19)
    Survey                                               floppy
    Institute
JPN Geographical    1:25K         3    ASCII    ?        $500 per  Mag     (19)
    Survey          Contours                             tape      Tape
    Institute
JPN Geographical    1:10K Point   ?    ASCII    ?        Y9700 per Disk    (19)
    Survey          Heights                              floppy
    Institute
KOR see note        see note           see note                            (90)
LAO UNEP-GRID       5'                          420 kb                     (91)
MAL Dept. Surveying 15m, 30m                             see note          (88)
    & Mapping       DEMs
MAL UNEP-GRID       5'                          536 kb                     (91)
MEX EROS DCW-DEM    30" x 30"     <650 Binary   ?        Free      Mag     (2)
                    DEM                Raster                      Tape
MEX Comm. Data      ~93m (3sec)   ?    Binary   ?        see note  CD      (25)
    Services Inc.   DEM                (DoD)
MEX EDX Engineering 3'' Terrain        Own &             $100 /    Disk,   (46)
                    Elev. Data         ASCII             file,     CD-ROM
                                                         $12,000
                                                         whole
MRQ IGN / BDZ       see note                    see note see note          (11)
NET Topograf.       1:10K /       ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (56)
    Dienst          1:25K Topo.
NET Topograf.       1:50K Topo.   ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (56)
    Dienst
NET Topograf.       1:250K        ?    ?        ?        Bilat.    Mag     (56)
    Dienst / Data                                        agreem.   Tape
    File                                                           (800 /
                                                                   1600)
NET Topograf.       1:100K Topo.  ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (56)
    Dienst
NET Topograf.       10m, 100m                            see note          (56)
    Dienst          DEMs
NET Topograf.       3'x6' DEM     see  DTED              #13,000   Mag     (56)
    Dienst                             Level 1                     Tape
NET Topograf.       1:500K        ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (56)
    Dienst          Topo.
NET Technical Univ. 3'x5' DEM     +3.5                   Nil       Floppy  (82)
    Delft                                                          Disk
NIR OS of Northern  1:1250        ?    NTF      ?        see note  Mag     (57)
    Ireland                                                        Tape
                                                                   (1600 /
                                                                   6250)
NIR OS of Northern  1:50K         ?    NTF      ?        Bilat.    Mag     (57)
    Ireland         Contours                             agreem.   Tape
                    (10m)                                          (1600 /
                                                                   6250)
NIR OS of Northern  1:100K Topo   ?    NTF      ?        ?         Mag     (57)
    Ireland                                                        Tape
                                                                   (1600 /
                                                                   6250)
NIR OS of Northern  1:10K Topo.   ?    NTF      ?        ?         Mag     (57)
    Ireland                                                        Tape
                                                                   (1600 /
                                                                   6250)
NIR OS of Northern  1:2500        ?    NTF      ?        see note  Mag     (57)
    Ireland                                                        Tape
                                                                   (1600 /
                                                                   6250)
NIR OS of Northern  1:250K        ?    NTF      ?        see note  Mag     (57)
    Ireland                                                        Tape
                                                                   (1600 /
                                                                   6250)
NIR OS of Northern  50x50m        ?    NTF      ?        ?         ?       (57)
    Ireland / DTED  Height
                    Points
NOR Norwegian       DEM 100 x     30   DTED-L1  ?        Expens.   ?       (17)
    Mapping         100m - lat-
    Authority       lon UTM
                    Coordinates
NOR Norwegian       1:250K        ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (17)
    Mapping
    Authority
NOR Norwegian       1:1 Mio.      ?    ?        ?        see note  Mag     (17)
    Mapping         Heights,                                       Tape
    Authority       contours                                       (1600)
                    (300m)
NOR Norwegian       >1:2 Mio.     ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (17)
    Mapping
    Authority
NOR Norwegian       1:2 Mio.      ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (17)
    Mapping         Topo.
    Authority
NOR Norwegian       1:50K Topo.   ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (17)
    Mapping
    Authority
NOR Statens         3'x6' DEM     30m  DTED              #63,337   Mag     (83)
    Kartverk                           Level 1                     Tape
NZ  DOSLI           1:50K         10   Various  ?        NZ$2000   ?       (31)
                    Contours
NZ  DOSLI           25m, 1km                             see note          (31)
                    DEMs
PHI NAMRIA          ?             ?    Raster   ?        ?         ?       (40)
PHI UNEP-GRID       5'                          986 kb                     (91)
PTG Instituto       1:10K         ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (58)
    Geografico      Contours
    Cadastral / DTM (5m)
PTG Instituto       1:500K        ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (58)
    Geografico      Topography
    Cadastral /
    Digital Map
PTG Instituto       1:50K Raster  ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (58)
    Geografico      topo.
    Cadastral
PTG Instituto       10m, 50m                             see note          (58)
    Geografico      DEMs
    Cadastral
REU IGN / BDZ       see note                    see note see note          (11)
SAF CDSLI           50 / 200 /    ~10  NES      ?        ?         ?       (7)
                    400m DEM
SAF Univ. of Cape   5' (8km), 1'  25-9                   Nil               (84)
    Town            DEM
SPA Instituto       45m DEM (100  >2   ASCII    95MB     6.25Pts   ?       (16)
    Cartografic de  / 200m also                          per ha.
    Catalunya       available)
SPA Instituto       1:25K Topo.   ?    ?        ?        Bilat.    Mag     (59)
    Geografico                                           agreem.   Tape
    Nacional /                                                     (800 /
    BCN.25                                                         1600 /
                                                                   6250)
SPA Instituto       200 x 200m    ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (59)
    Geogafico       DTM
    Nacional
SPA Instituto       1:200K        ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (59)
    Geogafico       Contours,
    Nacional /      heights
    MDT.200
SPA Instituto       1:25K         ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (59)
    Geogafico       Contours,
    Nacional /      heights
    MDT.25
SPA Instituto       1:200K Topo.  ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (59)
    Geogafico
    Nacional /
    BCN.200
SWE Swedish Space   ?             ?    Raster   ?        ?         CD      (41)
    Corporation
SWE Terrain         50 x 50m /    ~2.5 ?        see note Bilat.    Mag     (60)
    Elevation Data  200 x 200m /                         agreem.   Tape
    Bank            500 x 500m
SWI Federal Office  250m DEM      ?    ?        ?        SFr 5890  ?       (49)
    of Topography   (RIMINI)
SWI Federal Office  25m DEM (DHM  ?    ?        ?        SFr       ?       (49)
    of Topography   25)                                  280000
SWI Bundesamt fur   1:25K         ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (61)
    Landestopo. /
    LK25
SWI Bundesamt fur   1:1 Mio.      ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (61)
    Landestopo. /   Topo.
    LK1000
SWI Bundesamt fur   250 x 250m    ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (61)
    Landestopo. /   Height
    RIMINI          points
SWI Bundesamt fur   25 x 25m      ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (61)
    Landestopo. /   Height
    DHM 25          points
SWI Bundesamt fur   1:500K Topo.  ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (61)
    Landestopo. /
    LK500
SWI Bundesamt fur   1:50K Raster  ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (61)
    Landestopo. /   topo.
    LK50
SWI Bundesamt fur   1:100K        ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (61)
    Landestopo. /   Raster topo.
    LK100
SWI Bundesamt fur   1:200K Topo.  ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (61)
    Landestopo. /
    LK200
THA NECTEC          1:250K        ?    A/INFO   ?        Free      CD      (45)
                    Contours
TUR Ministry of     1:25K         ?    DTED     ?        Not for   ?       (62)
    National                                             sale
    Defense /
    Digital
    Elevation Data
TWN ?               100m DEM      ?    DTED     9 x 3MB  Free      ?       (33)
UK  OS              1:50K, 50m    <3   NTF-L4   748KB    #30 p.a.  ?       (4)
                    DEM                         per
                                                20x20km
                                                tile
UK  OS              1:625K        ?    NTF      ?        ?         Mag     (4)
                    Topo.,                                         Tape
                    heights                                        (1600 /
                                                                   6250)
UK  OS              Large Scale   ?    ?        ?        ?         Mag     (4)
                    1:2 500                                        Tape
                    Vector topo.                                   (1600 /
                                                                   6250)
UK  OS              1:50K         2-3  NTF-L1   ~1.5MB   #30 p.a.  ?       (4)
                    Contours                    per
                                                20x20km
                                                tile
UK  OS              1:10K         ~1.5 NTF-L1   5x5km    see note  ?       (4)
                    Contours                    tile
UK  OS              1:10K DEM     <2   Various  5x5km    see note  ?       (4)
                                                tile
UK  Bartholomews    1:250K        ~10  A/INFO   70 MB    ~#2850    ?       (34)
                    Contours                    (total)  p.a.
UK  EDX Eng.        50m DEM       <2.5 Own &    ?        $22500    CD &    (46)
                                       ASCII             (full     disk
                                                         data set)
UK  Military Survey 1:500K        ?    ?        ?        Bilat.    Mag     (52)
    / PACE          Contours,                            agreem.   Tape
                    heights                                        (1600)
UK  Military Survey 1"x1" Spot    ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (52)
    / DTED          heights
USA EROS DCW-DEM    30" x 30"     <650 Binary   ?        Free      Mag     (2)
                    DEM                Raster                      Tape
USA USGS 1 Deg      ~93m (3sec)   <61  DEM      ~940 x   $40 or    ?       (3)
                    DEM                         9MB      less
USA USGS 7.5'       30m DEM       <15  DEM      ~55000 x $40 or    ?       (3)
                                                2MB      less
USA USGS 30'        ~62m (2sec)   ?    DEM      ?        $40 or    ?       (3)
                    DEM                                  less
USA USGS 15'        ~62m x 93m    ?    DEM      ?        $40 or    ?       (3)
                    DEM                                  less
USA NOAA, Canadian  1:250K Great  ?    ?        ?        ?         ?       (24)
    Hydrographic    Lakes Bathy.
    Service         Contours
USA Comm. Data      ~93m (3sec)   <61  USGS DEM 2 CDs    $5000     CD      (25)
    Services Inc.   DEM (same as
                    USGS)
USA Hamilton        USGS 7.5'     ?    AutoCAD  ?        $80-160   ?       (35)
    Exploration     Layers                               per layer
USA NOAA NGDC       Coastal       ?    ?        ?        ~$80      CD?     (37)
                    Bathym.
USA NOAA / 30       30' DEM                              $407      Mag     (37)
    Second Data                                                    Tape
    #168-A07-007
USA EDX Engineering 30m, 3'',          Own &             see note  Disk,   (46)
                    30'' Terrain       ASCII                       CD_ROM
                    Elev. Data
VTN Nat'l Geodetic  1km DEM                              see note          (89)
    & Cartograhic
    Service
VTN UNEP-GRID       5'                          607 kb                     (91)
NB. DEM is used here to mean a regular gridded array of point heights
    AFR = AFRICA         ANT = ANTARCTICA     ASI = ASIA           
    AST = AUSTRIA        AUS = AUSTRALIA      BEL = BELGIUM        
    BGD = BANGLADESH     BLZ = BELIZE         BUR = BURMA          
    CAN = CANADA         CBD = CAMBODIA       CHI = CHINA          
    CYP = CYPRUS         DEN = DENMARK        EEU = EASTERN EUROPE 
    EUR = EUROPE         FIN = FINLAND        FRA = FRANCE         
    GDP = GUADELOUPE     GER = GERMANY        GER = GRMANY         
    GNL = GREENLAND      GRE = GREECE         HAI = HAITI          
    HUN = HUNGARY        IDN = INDONESIA      IRE = IRELAND        
    ISR = ISRAEL         ITA = ITALY          JPN = JAPAN          
    KOR = KOREA          LAO = LAOS           MAL = MALAYSIA       
    MEX = MEXICO         MRQ = MARTINIQUE     NET = NETHERLANDS    
    NET = THE NETHERLANDSNIR = NORTHERN IRELAND NOR = NORWAY         
    NZ =  NEW ZEALAND    PHI = PHILIPPINES    PTG = PORTUGAL       
    REU = REUNION        SAF = SOUTH AFRICA   SAM = SOUTH AMERICA  
    SPA = SPAIN          SWE = SWEDEN         SWI = SWITZERLAND    
    THA = THAILAND       TUR = TURKEY         TWN = TAIWAN         
    UK =  UNITED KINGDOM USA = UNITED STATES  VTN = VIETNAM        
    WOR = WORLD          
    '    = Minute          "   = Second
    #    = UK Pounds       $   = US Dollars       AU$  = Australian Dollars
    ATS  = Austrian Shillings                     BFr  = Belgian Francs
    DM   = Deutsch Marks
    FF   = French Francs   Gdr  = Drachmas
    Pts  = Spanish Pesetas CD$  = Canadian Dollars
    FIM  = Finnish Marks   Y    = Japanese Yen    NZ$  = New Zealand Dollars
    SFr  = Swiss Francs
    p.a. = per annum (ie. licence fee)
    (npd)= Not public domain - ie. commercial product, restricted use, not
           available via ftp.
NOTES
=====
(1)   The Digital Chart of the World (DCW) was digitised under contract from US
      Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) from their Operational Navigation Chart
      (ONC) series.  These maps are at a scale of 1:1M (except over Antarctica
      where the scale is reduced to 1:2M).  This is the largest scale
      unclassified map series that provides consistent, continuous global
      coverage of essential basemap features.  It is composed of 17 thematic
      vector layers which include political boundaries, coastlines, cities,
      transportation networks, hydrography, landcover, hypsography and place
      names.  DCW can be purchased from:
      UK/Europe:   Chadwyck-Healey Ltd.         Tel: (0223) 311479
                   Cambridge Place              FAX: (0223) 66440
                   Cambridge CB2 1NR, UK.
      US:          USGS Open-File Section       Tel: (303) 236-7476
##### End of Part 1 of the Digital Elevation Catalogue (39887 bytes) #####
Return to Top
Subject: Digital Elev. Data Catalogue (3/5) [LONG!]
From: bruce@geovax.ed.ac.uk (Bruce Gittings)
Date: 1 Sep 96 00:03:42 GMT
##### Part 3 of the Digital Elevation Catalogue #####
      stored.
      The Base de Donnuees Altimetriques (BDZ) contains 3' samples from 75m -
      250m covering France, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion produced from 1:25
      000 and 1:50 000 maps.  Cost for one department is 50 000 Francs for 75m
      grid data and 270 000 Francs for 250m grid data.
      Contact: A. Picot Tel: (1)43 98 80 20
      NB. 1996: A more recent survey reveals that the following DEMs are
                available which cover the entire national area at the
                following prices (in US dollars):
               Per km2         Total Cost      Copyright Restrictions
               -------         ----------      ----------------------
      1km      $0.0288          $ 15,667        One-time License Fee
      500m     $0.0590          $ 32,118        "                  "
      250m     $0.1187          $ 64,569        "                  "
      100m     $0.3453          $187,724        "                  "
      75m      $0.4391          $238,863        "                  "
      50m      $0.6041          $328,627        "                  "
(12)  Australian Data is available from the Australian Survey and Land
      Information Group (AUSLIG).  There are three products;  M7 are Critical
      Aeronautical Heights which represent the highest point in each 30'x30'
      quad,  M8 are Spot heights (ie. an irregular grid) and M9 represents an
      18" (~500m) grid at 1:250,000 scale (gridded from M8 using an Hutchinson
      Algorithm).  Both M8 and M9 have incomplete coverage of the country.
      The 500m grid covers 30% of Australia (Southern New South Wales,
      Victoria, parts of Northern Queensland and selected cities).  The size of
      the 1:250 000 scale files is 60,501 points each x 63 files = 38,176,131
      elevation points.  Costs: License 1:250 000 AU$1000 / File 1:100 000
      AU$250.
      NB. 1996: 100m and 200m DEMs covering all of Australia are also now
                 available.  Prices are as follows (in US Dollars):
                   Per km2      Total Cost  Copyright Restrictions
                   -------      ----------  ----------------------
       100m DEM    $0.0028      $21,433     One-time license fee
       200m DEM    $0.0017      $13,089     "                  "
      AUSLIG are located at:
      PO Box 2,                                 Tel: + 616 201 4340
      Belconnen, ACT 2616,                      FAX: + 616 201 4381
      Australia.
      URL: http://www.auslig.gov.au/welcome.htm
(13)  The Australian Geological Survey Organisation (AGSO - formerly BMR)
      provide a 6' (approx 10km) grid of the whole country.  AGSO are at:
      GPO Box 378,                              Tel: + 616 249 9111
      Canberra, ACT 2601,                       FAX: + 616 248 8178 Australia.
      This original DEM of Australia was calculated by Moore and Simpson (1982)
      using the minimum curvature interpolation procedure of Briggs (1974)
      applied to approximately 320,000 point elevations.  These data were
      measured during a continent-wide gravity survey conducted by the Bureau
      of Mineral Resources (Anfiloff et al., 1976).
      Though detailed enough to detect significant geological structures
      Harrington et al., 1982), this DEM suffered from a number of acknowledged
      limitations from the point of view of hydrological analysis.  Extreme
      heights were not well represented and the 6' resolution could only
      support quite generalized drainage structures. The data were also known
      to contain a number of errors.
      Anfiloff, W., Barlow, B.C., Murray, A.S., Denham, D. & Sandford, R.
                (1976) 'Compilation and production of the 1976 Gravity Map
                of Australia'. Bureau of Mineral Resources. J. Austral.
                Geol. Geophys. 1: 273-276.
      Briggs, I.C. (1974) 'Machine contouring using minimum curvature'.
                Geophysics 39: 39-48.
      Harrington, H.J., Simpson, C.J. and Moore, R.F. (1982) 'Analysis of
                continental structures using a digital terrain model (DTM)
                of Australia'. Bureau of Mineral Resources J. Austral.
                Geol. Geophys. 7: 68-72.
      Moore, R.F. and Simpson, C.J. (1982) 'Computer manipulation of a
                digital terrain model (DTM) of Australia'. Bureau Mineral
                Resources J. Austral. Geol. Geophys. 7: 63-67.
(14)  Spatial Information Infrastructure for Asian Studies in Australia
      (SIIASA) is a consortium of 12 Australian universities lead by Griffith
      University.
      The aim is to establish GIS databases covering all of Asia, defined very
      broadly to encompass the Near East, the Pacific Islands (possibly
      including Papua New Guinea), and the ex-Soviet Central Asian Republics
      and Asiatic Russia in addition to South, Southeast, and East Asian
      countries.
      The China GIS Project, established in 1989, is the pilot project for the
      SIIASA databases.  Its 1:1,000,000 vectorised map of the People's
      Republic of China is nearing completion, and amounts approx. 0.5GB of
      data.  In addition to elevations, dense hydrology, detailed transport
      routes and thousands of cities and towns, it includes an elaborate set of
      land use polygons covering the entire PRC. County-level administrative
      boundaries for the  entire country, which will be used initially for the
      spatial analysis of 1990 census materials, are being extended back to
      October, 1949.
      Apart from China and Japan, the base map for the SIIASA spatial databases
      will be the 1:1M Digital Chart of the World, with larger scale spatial
      data incorporated where available and needed to service regional research
      interests.  The digitising of China was started before the DCW became
      available.  Japan was digitised because of deficiencies in the DCW data,
      particularly the contour information.  Also 1000' contours were too
      sparse for some of the potential database applications in that country.
      Thus, contours in metres are being digitised for Japan at the following
      heights; some 20s and 50s, 100s, 200s, some 300s, 500s, some 700s, 1000s,
      and then upwards at 500 metre intervals.  This digitising is almost
      finished.
      For all China there are spot elevations (in metres) that are somewhat
      less dense than those on the ONCs.  For about a third of the country
      (mainly in the South-east) there is another set of spot elevations and
      contours at 25, 50, 200, 500, and then upwards at 500 metre intervals.
      The digitising of these sheets will take until the end of 1993.  As soon
      as the other sheets of the "1:1,000,000 Map of China" has been published
      by the Xi'an Cartographic Publishing House (it is not known when this
      will happen), the remainder of the country will be completed.
      For further information and to access the data contact:
      Dr. Lawrence W. Crissman,             Tel: (07) 875-7285
      Asian and International Studies,      FAX: (07) 875-5111
      Griffith University,                  Email:CRISSMAN@ASIAN.GU.EDU.AU
      Nathan, QLD 4111,
      Australia.
(15)  For the German state of Hessen (Bundesland Hessen) the
      'Landesvermessungsamt' provides a DEM. Its either a 40m grid or
      unprocessed irregular data with an accuracy down to 2m. Its price is
      approx. 200 Deutschmarks per Km2.  Data comes on 3.5" disc or tape in
      tabular ASCII format from:
      Hessen Landesvermessungsamt,              Tel: +49 611 535-0
      Scharperstrasse 4,
      Postfach 3249,
      6200 Wiesbaden 1,
      Germany.
      Other DEM-Data may be obtained from:
      Inst. fur Angew. Geodasie,                Tel: +49 69 6333-1
      Richard-Strauss-Allee 11,
      6000 Frankfurt am Maine 70,
      Germany.
(16)  The Institut Cartografic de Catalunya has a DTM of the Catalonia region
      of Spain.  The data is in grid format but it mostly comes from
      interpolation of a TIN (the TIN is not available). The data was captured
      from aerial photogrammetry at 1:22000 scale using analogue and analytical
      stereo-comparators.  VACm depends on morphology for interpolated points
      and is difficult to establish but measured points are better than 2m.
      Price depends on resolution. The 1992 prices where:
         45m DEM 6.25 Pesetas per Hectare (10000 square metres)
        100m     1.25 Pesetas per Hectare
        200m     0.35 PesetaHectare
        (These prices are equivalent to 1.25 Pts per point)
      The whole of Catalonia has an area of 32000 sq. km., giving a maximum
      size of 95MB for the data.
      Orders should be sent to:
      The Director,                             Tel: (343) 218 87 58
      Institut Cartografic de Catalunya,        FAX: (343) 218 89 59
      Balmes, 209-211                           Telex: 98471 ICCB E
      08006-Barcelona, Spain.
(17)  Norway, like all NATO countries, is covered by the DLMS (Digital Land
      Mass System) DTED elevation model.  For Norway DTED is availiable in lat-
      long UTM coordinates (resolution of 100 by 100 meters).  See also Note
      (6).
      Norway also has topography data for 1:50 000, 1:250 000, 1:2 Mio. (called
      the "Nordic Data Base") and >1:2 Mio. (called the "Small Scale
      Database").
      They also have a "Base map for Thematic Mapping" dataset which consists
      of 300m contour/attribute data at 1:1 Mio (complete availability - no
      cost; for government agencies).  Attributes covered are hydrology,
      boundaries, roads, railroads, administrative centres, catchment areas and
      population distribution.  Elements contained are vectors, heights,
      feature codes and municipality reference numbers.  This dataset covers
      the geographical extent: 58 N...72 N ; 5 E...33 E.  Coordinate system
      used is UTM Zone 33 extended.
      For more information contact:
      Norwegian Mapping Authority,              Tel: +47 321 18100
      (Statens Kartverk),                       FAX: +47 321 18101
      N-3500 Honefoss, Norway.
(18)  The Japanese Geological Survey offer a DEM as part of the Digital
      Geological Map of Japan on CD-ROM (released January 1993).  Approx. 28MB
      of raster data includes the DEM, geology, faults, rivers, density and
      magnetic susceptibility of rock samples.  There are approx. 88 raster
      mesh-maps, corresponding to one for each sheet in the 1:200000 map series
      for Japan. The resolution of each mesh is approximately 280m x 230m.
      This DEM is more accurate than can be generated from the Digital Chart of
      the World - see Note(1) - but less accurate than the GSI DEM data - see
      Note(19).  Source code for a program to display these mesh-maps (on a NEC
      9801 series personal computer - a curiosity found only in Japan) is
      included.
      The geological map itself is a digitised version of both the 2nd and 3rd
      editions of the 1:1M Geological Map of Japan, occupying approx. 52MB.
      Coast lines, geological units and fault lines are included and are stored
      in both DLG format and ARC/INFO 5.01 export format  The coordinate system
      for all data is Lat/Lon.
      GSJ has a very open policy about data distribution and use.  I believe
      the data is free to universities, government or non-profit organizations.
       Commercial users may be subject to a small fee.
      For further details contact:
      Dr. Norio Matsumoto                       Tel: +81 298-54-3643
      Computer Geoscience Section               FAX: +81 298-54-3643
      Geological Survey of Japan                Email: norio@gsj.go.jp
      Tokyo, Japan.
(19)  In conjunction with the National Land Agency, the Japanese Geographic
      Survey Institute (GSI) has been maintaining and providing limited access
      to digital geographic data since the late 1980's.  Data includes
      coastlines, topography, landuse, administrative boundaries etc. at a
      scale of 1:25 000 for total or near total national coverage.  This data
      is called "Kokudo Suchi Joho" (National Digital Information) but its use
      is limited to governmental, academic and public organizations.  The data
      is distributed on 1/2" magnetic tape.  It has an open, fully documented
      (in Japanese) structure.  Each tape costs about US$ 500.  For more
      information see the article on GIS Activities in Japan, by T. Waza, in
      the 1993 GIS World Sourcebook (IBSN #0-9625063-2-X).
      In May 1993 the GSI introduced a series of "low" priced map data onto the
      Japanese market.  There are now four distinct datasets available; vector
      at data at 1:25000 and 1:10000 and 50m and 250m DEMs.  Please note that
      these new datasets are called "Kokudo Suchi Chizu" (National Digital Map)
      and should not be confused with the previously released "Kokudo Suchi
      Joho."
      The 1:25 000 scale vector data covers the entire country in 86 datasets,
      arranged by 1:200K map sheets.  The 1:25K data includes coastlines,
      rivers, lakes, administrative boundaries and text labels, but not height
      data! The 250m DEM covers the country in 88 data sets.  This DEM has a
      cell size of 7.5" x 11.25" (approx. 250 m) which coincide with the 1:200K
      scale topographic maps.  There are 320 rows and columns in each DEM.
      The 1:10 000 scale vector data presently covers major urban areas and
      includes coastlines, rivers and lakes, a wider range of political
      boundaries than the 1:25K data, transportation features and point data
      representing imporant buildings and geodetic benchmarks.  The geodetic
      benchmarks include National Geodetic Survey triangulation points,
      traverse points, regular benchmarks and spot elevation points.  There are
      currently 213 sheets of the 1:10K data, of which 40 were completed in the
      last year. There are at least another 50 sheets currently in preparation.
       It is suggested that the 1:10000 data is in a different projection than
      the 1:25000 data.
      The 50m DEM has a cell size of 1.5" X 2.25" (approx. 50m) which coincides
      with the standard 1:25K scale topographic maps.  There are 200 rows and
      columns in each DEM.  The Z values are quoted to 1mm (somewhat over-
      accuracy?).  Some 258 DEMs are currently available at this resolution
      covering 40% of the national area.  It is believed that this is the most
      accurate digital elevation data available for Japan.
      All data is in GSI's own ASCII format (vector or grid) which is
      documented with the data (in Japanese, but the format is not difficult to
      decipher).  Character records are written using the Shift-JIS Codeset and
      contain kanji or double-byte character data.  Datasets are distributed on
      either 3.5 or 5.25 inch high density floppy disks in MS-DOS format.  Each
      disk costs JPY 9700, or about US$ 92.  No quantity discount is available.
       There is usually one map sheet or DEM per floppy disk, but this is not
      always the
      case.  For example, with map sheets the number depends on data density.
      This Suchi Chizu data is available through the GSI's distribution
      centre:
      Japan Map Center                          Tel: +81 3-3485-5418
      (Nihon Chizu Center)                      FAX: +81 3-3465-7689
      4-9-6 Aoba-dai, Meguro-ku
      Tokyo 153, Japan.
      With regard to copyright or data reformatting issues, contact the Japan
      Map Center directly, in writing.
      GSI themselves are at:
      Geographic Survey Institute
      305 Kitasato 1
      Tsukuba-shi
      Ibaraki 305, Japan.
      For those interested in translating GSI data into ARC/INFO, a translator
      is available from PASCO the Japanese ARC/INFO distributor.  Contact:
      Reese W. Plews                            Tel:  +81 3 3715 1601
      PASCO Corporation                         FAX:  +81 3 3715 1607
      Systems Engineering Center                Email:  rplews@pasco.co.jp
      13-5, 2-Chome Higashiyama
      Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153
      Japan.
(20)  Natural Resources Canada (formerly Energy, Mines and Resources Canada)
      produce digital maps at 1:250 000 scale for all of Canada.  Some areas
      available at 1:50,000 scale.  The contact is Mike Sheppard at:
      Natural Resources Canada                  Tel: (613) 995-4943
      Canada Centre for Mapping
      615 Booth Street
      Ottawa, Ontario
      Canada  K1A 0E9.
      It is suggested that the NRC maps are not really in very good shape (they
      have been scanned and vectorized, but not much more).  Some of the
      provinces (including British Columbia and Alberta) have cleaned up these
      maps and converted the contours into a DEM.  To get these, it is
      necessary to contact each individual government (there are 10 provinces
      plus two territories), and some won't have them.
      See also Note (21) and (26).
      Natural Resources Canada should also have data at the following
      resolution and locations in DTED Level 1 format on magnetic tape:
       0-50 degrees lat: 3'x3'
      50-70 degrees lat: 3'x6'
      75-80 degrees lat: 3'x12'
      80-90 degrees lat: 3'x18'
      The accuracy of this data is 930m circular error (90%) and 30m vertical
      error (90%).  The data source is 1:250 000 maps and aerial photos.  The
      cost is CD$257.50 per cell (1068 cells=CD$275,010) (1992 prices).
(21)  This Canadian company redistributes data from the US Natonal Topographic
      Information Service (NATIS) in AXYS's own QUIKMap GIS format.  These data
      come in four files:
                        1. Asia & South Pacific
                        2. Europe & Africa
                        3. South and Central America, Mexico & Antarctica
                        4. North America
      For more details contact:
      Axys Software Ltd.                        Tel: (604) 656-1922
      P.O. Box 2219                             FAX: (604) 656-4511
      2045 Mills Road
      Sidney, British Columbia
      Canada  V8L 3S8.
      The original NATIS files are available from:
      U.S. Department of Commerce               Tel: (703) 482-5404
      National Technical Information Service
      5285 Port Road
      Springfield, VA 22161, USA.
      AXYS also has digital hydrographic charts of South & Central British
      Columbia.  AXYS obtains digital data (not sure whether contours or DEM)
      from National Topographic Survey (NTS) in Canada for resale in AXYS's
      QuikMap format.  I assume data are contours as a separate layer but not
      certain. The original NTS data is available from Energy, Mines &
      Resources Canada (Canada Centre for Mapping) at their address in Note
      (20) above.
(22)  The 25x25 and 50x50 metre products have the same source data (ie.
      1:10 000/1:20 000 contours) but the interpolation method differs.  The
      contours have been produced mostly at a scale of 1:10 000 but a scale of
      1:20 000 is used in Lappland (Northern Finland).  (The published
      topographic map is at a scale of 1:20 000).  In terms of formats; DISIMP
      is an Australian image processing package. Rodika is a special format
      that has been used for producing elevation data for Finnish Telecom.  RAW
      means raw raster data without any headers.
      For more information contact:
      Tapio Siltala                            Tel: +358 0 154 5579
      National Land Survey of Finland          FAX: +358 0 154 5454
      Geographic Data Centre                   Email: tapio.siltala@mmh.fi
      Opastinsilta 12 C
      P.O. Box 84
      FIN-00521 Helsinki
      FINLAND
      1:50 000 vector topographic data and and 1:200 000 data of vector/height
      contours is also available.  The data uses the Gauss-Kruger coordinate
      system with central meridian 27.  The 1:200 000 data also covers
      coastlines and road networks.
(23)  The Canadian Hydrographic Service has hydrographic and terrestrial
      digital maps at various scales.  No further details are available at
      present.
      Canadian Hydrographic Service             Tel: 613-998-4931
      1675 Russell Road
      Ottawa, Ontario
      Canada  K1G 3H6.
(24)  The Canadian Hydrographic Service and NOAA in the U.S. have embarked on a
      joint bathymetric mapping programme to cover the Great Lakes at a scale
      of 1:250000.  These will be contour formatted maps.  For further
      information there are two key contacts, one in each country.  In the U.S.
      it is:
      Troy Holcombe                             Tel:  303-497-6390
      National Geophysical Data Centre NOAA     FAX:  303-497-6513
      325 Broadway
      Boulder, Colorado 80303-3328, USA.
      In Canada contact:
      John Warren                               Tel:  613-943-8049
      Canadian Hydrographic Service             FAX:  613-996-9053
      615 Booth Street
      Ottawa, Ontario
      Canada  K1A 0E6.
(25)  Communications Data Services, Inc. sells all Canadian 3 second data
      through a contract with Natural Resources Canada.  They also sell Mexican
      3 second data (whole country available).  They have all these data in
      house and can distribute on CD-ROM, 8mm tape and via the internet. Prices
      depend on quantity.  The Canadian & Mexican data are in a binary (DOD)
      file format.  In addition, they have the standard USGS 3 second data.
      The whole country is available on CD-ROM, in the original USGS ASCII file
      format for $1400, or in CDS's proprietary format (for the communications
      industry) for $3000. Alaska in USGS format is an additional $450.  They
      will also sell a minimum of 6 blocks.
      They are putting up an FTP server for "a few of the other things of
      interest we have found over the years".  They have some sample Canadian
      data files which they are allowed to distribute freely.  More details
      when this service is available.
      More information from:
      Rich Biby                             Tel: (703) 534-0034
      Communications Data Services, Inc.         (800) 441-0034 (US- Only)
      6105-E Arlington Blvd                 FAX:  (703) 534 7884
      Falls Church, VA 22044, USA.        Email: rich@comm-data.com
(26)  The government of the British Columbia province of Canada have taken the
      vector 1:250000 data from the federal government in Ottawa (Natural
      Resources Canada, see Note (20)) and improved it.  At this scale, 84 map
      sheets are required to cover the province.  These sheets contain
      hydrography, transportation, utilities, contours, a DEM, and place names.
       The data are in UTM projection and the NAD83 datum, and are provdied
      with good documentation.
      These data are available from:
      MAPS-BC                                       Tel: (604) 387-1441
      Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks
      Surveys and Resource Mapping Branch
      4th Floor, 1802 Douglas Street
      Victoria, B.C.  V8V 1X4
      Canada.
(27)  There is another source of DEM data for the British Columbia province of
      Canada called TRIM (Terrain Resource Information Management).  This a
      mapping project producing 1:20000 DEM maps.  About 50% of the province is
      currently covered. Contact:
      Maps BC                                   Tel: (604)387-1441
      Ministry of Lands and Parks
      Surveys and Resources Mapping Branch
      Parliament Buildings
      Victoria, B.C.  V8V 1X4
      Canada
(28)  MRJ Inc. sell a variety of marine data.  This includes a Marine Data
      Sampler which covers all the oceans.  Two areas are presented in more
      detail;  the outer banks of North Carolina and Monterey Canyon off
      California.  The sampler comes in Arc/Info format on UNIX or DOS format
      CD-ROMs.
      MRJ can provide customised marine data including bathymetry, ocean
      chemistry and climatological data.  These data generally originate from
      government agencies.  The resolution of bathymetry varies depending on
      geographic region.  Global data are provided as points or 5-minute grids.
       MRJ can provide 15-second grid bathymetry for the US continental shelf.
      Sounding information is also available for many US coastal areas.  Data
      are supplied on 1/2" tape and floppy disks.  For further details
      contact:
      Mr. Clay Brown                tel:  (703) 277-1746
      MRJ, Inc.
      10560 Arrowhead Drive
      Oakton
      VA  22030,  USA
(29)  The Antarctic Digital Database (ADD) represents the first seamless
      digital map of Antarctica.  It includes the most up-to-date and complete
      coastline of the continent in digital form, together with a number of
      other data.
      The ADD, covering the area south of latitude 60S, has been prepared by
      the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), the Scott Polar Research Institute
      (SPRI) and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) under the
      auspices of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). The
      database has been compiled from maps published by 11 nations (Argentina,
      Australia, China, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Russia, UK
      and USA).  The scale of source material has ranged from 1:200K to 1:5M
      and the coastline has been up-dated using satellite imagery at 1:1M.
      All data are on the Polar Stereographic projection with a standard
      latitude of 71S, and a central meridian of 0.  The coordinates are single
      precision (up to seven digits for each co-ordinate) and are in metres
      with the origin at the South Pole.  The spheroid used is GRS80.
      The database includes a detailed dataset, comprising data at the original
      scale of the source material and data generalized to 1:1M scale.  This
      contains most information published on medium-scale and smaller-scale
      maps of Antarctica.  In addition there are generalized datasets at scales
      of 1:3M  1:10M and 1:30M.  The data are subdivided into layers showing
      coastlines, cliffs, contours and elevation points, rock outcrops, faunal
      locations, glaciers, ice domes, glacier flowlines and margins, moraines,
      streams, lakes, place-names, research stations, major traverse routes,
      protected areas and historic monuments. The contours have a height
      attribute from which DEMs can be generated.
      The data is in PC Arc/Info format on a single MS-DOS formatted CD-ROM.
      Copies are available at GBP100.00 (US $150.00), including postage from:
      SCAR Secretariat                          Tel: (0223) 62061
      Scott Polar Research Institute            FAX: (0223) 336549
      Lensfield Road
      Cambridge CB2 IER
      United Kingdom
      BAS have detected a few corrupt  coverages on the Antarctic Digital
      Database CDs,  apparently caused by network errors during the last copy
      operation.  They have made correct versions of corrupt coverages
      available through anonymous ftp, on ftp://bssiaa.nerc-bas.ac.uk.  The
      data are in pub/add, and there is a README file giving details of what is
      there.  To date, there are only three coverages affected, but BAS will be
      happy to make available any others that user find to be in error.  If you
      are having problems, contact:
      Paul Cooper, GIS Manager
      British Antarctic Survey
      Email: aprc@pcmail.nbs.ac.uk
(30)  ESRI (the vendors of the ARC/INFO GIS software) have a venture called the
      ArcData Publishing Program which aims to make data from third party
      publishers available to users of their software.  These data sets are
      delivered in ARC/INFO-compatible format and include ARC/INFO coverages,
      attribute tables, images and surfaces.  Topographic data includes DTMs,
      DEMs and contours.  Data come from several sources, including satellite
      imagery, aerial photography and digitized contour maps and most are
      available in different projections and datums.  The ArcData publishers
      offering these data will search their imagery archives to find optimal
      source stereopairs and acquisition dates to meet your needs.
      ArcData can be ordered via the individual suppliers or through:
      Desktop Order Center                   Tel: 909-793-2853 x2052
      Environmental Systems Research              1-800-447-9778 (US Only)
      Institute (ESRI) Inc.                Email: desktop@esri.com
      380 New York Street
      Redlands
      CA 92373, USA.
      A (free) copy of the ArcData Catalogue can be obtained from the same
      address.  The catalogue and further details of available data are also
      accessible through the internet via anonymous ftp to ftp://
      redlands.esri.com (Numeric IP address is 198.102.62.1).  Logon as
      "anonymous" and give your email address as the password.  Look for the
      files "readme.txt" and "catalog.txt" (the latter is large) in the
      directory /pub/arcdata.
      Details of some of the major suppliers of elevation data through the
      ArcData programme follow.
      ERDAS can produce highly accurate DEMs and ortho-images from satellite
      imagery and aerial photographs.  These are available in standard map
      sizes or can be tailored to meet specific needs.  ERDAS digital ortho
      products are available worldwide in the UTM coordinate system, and for
      the United States in the State Plane coordinate system.  Data are
      supplied on media including exabyte, 1/2" tape and possibly floppy disk.
      For further details contact:
      Product Services Manager                  Tel: (404) 248-9000
      ERDAS Inc.                                FAX: (404) 248-9400
      2801 Buford Highway
      Suite 300
      Atlanta
      GA 30329-2137, USA.
      American Digital Cartography offer digital contour data digitised from
      USGS 1:24,000 scale contour separates for the USA delivered in 7.5 minute
      quadrangles.  However, the total number of digitized 1:24K contour maps
      probably numbers in the hundreds, a fraction of the 50,000 plus maps that
      are in print.  Although ADC can scan and vectorized topo separates, their
      main procedure is to acquire 7.5 minute DEM and contour it.  Since, in
      many cases, this DEM is generated from contours taken from a paper map
      (by one of three different procedures), the new contours are really
      second order.  See Note (3) for more details.
      Several parts of the US have substantial 1:24K digital contour coverage
      that was obtained from scanning and vectoring 7.5 minute maps.  For
      example, much of north-central Nevada is done because this is the area of
      active gold mining.  It is reported that the entire state of Washington
      is done and will be available next year from the USGS.
      ADC also offer 1-Degree (1:250K) and 7.5 minute (1:24K) USGS DEMs and
      topographic contour data as part of their WorldMap(R) which is digitised
      largely from the DMA's 1:1M Operational Navigational Charts (ONC).  Data
      are available on media which includes  CD-ROM and floppy disks.  For
      further details contact:
      American Digital Cartography Inc.         Tel: (414) 733-6678
      3003 W. College Avenue                    FAX: (414) 734-3375
      Appleton
      WI 54914, USA.
      [See Also Note (43) regarding SPOT-IMAGE data]
(31)  A terrestrial digital elevation database of New Zealand is sold by the
      New Zealand Department of Survey and Land Information (DOSLI).  The
      database is continuous and edgematched covering all of New Zealand except
      around Fiordland where modern mapping is yet to be completed.  It is
      essentially created from the contours taken off the 1:50 000
      topographical maps, which have a 20m contour interval.  The database is
      held as 3D lines fully quality assured.  DOSLI generate DEM data on
      demand from this data source.
      The vertical accuracy of this database is given as 10m (which represents
      +/- half the contour interval).  The xy accuracy is given as 22m.
      The DEM's are provided in user defined formats. A list of existing
      options is available if required.  The data is released under licence and
      costs NZ$2000 for 1200 sq. km. plus NZ tax if purchased in NZ.  DOSLI
      photogrammetrists will capture DEM data to higher accuracies on demand on
      fully recovered costs basis.
      Other data sets exist from smaller scale mapping but are usually only a
      subset of the larger scale mapping.  For example, there is contour
      information available with a 100m interval.
      NB. 1996: A recent survey quotes the following prices for 25m and
                1km DEMs which cover the entire national area (in US
                dolars):
               per km2         Total Cost       Copyright Restrictions
               -------         ----------       ----------------------
      25m DEM     $1            $265,175         One-time license fee
      1km DEM     $0.2          $ 53,055         "                  "
      For further information contact:
      Geoff Howard                             Tel: 64 4 471 0380
      Director Topographic Database            FAX: 64 4 495 8450
      Department of Survey                     Email: geoffh@dosli.govt.nz
        and Land Information
      Private Box 170
      Wellington
      New Zealand.
(32)  A DEM covering all of Austria was produced in the late 1980's and this is
      currently being revised to improve quality.
      The source is photogrammetric N-S profiles (which were collected with the
      primary aim of orthophoto production).  The original profile distance
      varies between 30 and 160m, but this was resampled to the resolution of
      50m.  The DEM is georeferenced to the Austrian National Grid
      (Bundesmeldenetz), which is a Gauss-Krueger (Transverse Mercator) system
      covering all of Austria in three meridional sections.
      There are two ASCII formats available; either WINPUT (x,y,z) or DTMX
      (blocked "z" matrix), both of these are from the SCOP DTM software.
      Documentation is available.  The data is available on diskettes, 9 track
      tape or Exabyte cartridges.  The cost of ATS 53 per sq. km is subject to
      an additional handling fee of ATS 2000.
      N.B. 25m data should now be available.
      The data can be ordered from:
      Bundesamt fuer Eich-                      Tel: +43-1-438935
        und Vermessungswesen (BEV)              FAX: +43-1-439992
      (The Austrian National Mapping Agency)    Ask for:
      Landesaufnahme                            "Gelaendehoehendatenbank"
      Krotenthallergasse 3
      A-1080 Wien,  Austria.
      A raster topography dataset covering all of Austria is also available
      from BEV.  The data is georeferenced to a Gauss-Krueger (Transverse
      Mercator) system.  The data format and the availability of English
      documentation are unknown.  The data is available on magnetic tape and
      cost is arranged through a bilateral agreement.
      The data can be ordered from:
      Bundesamt fur Eich-Tel: ?
      und Vermessungswesen (BEV)Fax: ?
      (The Austrian National Mapping Agency)
      Schiffamtsgasse 1 - 3
      A-1025 Wien
(33)  Todd Rothermel has created DTED files of the whole island of Taiwan,
      including some outlying islands.  There are a total of 9 files, each one
      degree by one degree or 1201 x 1201 gridded values.  The accuracy is good
      for 100m grid post spacing.
      Todd is happy to send these files to whoever may need them.  He says he
      cannot guarantee accuracy and neither he nor his company take any
      responsibility for the use of these files.
      To obtain the files, or for further details, contact:
      Todd Rothermel                        Tel: 1-610-354-7299
      Martin Marietta                       FAX: 1-610-962-2647
      PO Box 8048                           Email: rotherme@mdso.vf.ge.com
      Bldg 10 MS G
      Philadelphia, PA 19101, USA.
      NB. 26-DEC-1995:  Due to a job change these files are no longer being
      distributed by Todd Rothermel.
(34)  Bartholomews are at:
      12 Duncan Street                          Tel: 031 667 9341
      Edinburgh, EH9 1TA                        FAX: 031 662 4282
      United Kingdom.
      Other formats (e.g. Atlas*Graphics, DXF) can be provided.
      The European 1:1M database now includes the European Union (EU) plus
      Scandanavia & Eastern Europe.  Cost is #355 per small country to #492 for
      large countries.  Prices for the whole of Europe are also available.
      Ireland is now part of the Europe 1:1M database,  although actually
      captured at 1:500K and previously named Ireland 1:500K database.
      The Great Britain 1:250K Database (doesn't include Northern Ireland thus
      not the "UK" database - NI is part of the Ireland (now European database)
      costs #2850 or #65 per 100km National Grid tile.  Horizontal accuracy +/-
      200m.  Vertical accuracy is approx. +/-10m - but depends on how you take
      account of horizontal displacements.  The size is 70mb in Arc/Info
      format.
      Discounts are normally available for educational establishments.  For
      research and teaching (excluding commercial research) the data can be
      obtained at very low prices through CHEST at Manchester University
      Computing Centre (Tel: 061 275 6099).  Higher education users in ALL
      European countries excluding the former Warsaw Pact area (for the time
      being) may obtain data through CHEST following a new deal.
(35)  Global land and seafloor elevations exist as a grid with a spacing of
      five arc minutes of latitude by five arc minutes of longitude.  This data
      undoubtedly is a version of the ETOPO5 data described in Note (5).  The
      complete data base is 9,400,000 grid values on magnetic tape.  Data
      values are given as 16 bit integers.  Each 8640 byt contains all data
      values for a five minute band of latitude arranged in order of increasing
      eastward longitude.  The data base contains 2160 blocks, starting at the
      North Pole of the Earth and stepping southward.  Available as normal or
      VAX byte-swapped binary format.  The data is available in binary or ASCII
      formats on 1600 or 6250 bpi magnetic tape at $1195.
      Also available in ASCII on IBM-formatted floppy disk as a 5 degree quad
      at 5 arc second resolution for $75 or a one degree quad at 12 arc second
      resolution for $195 (designate the SW corner of the required quad in each
      case).  Data may be redistributed for non commercial purposes only.
      The following data are available for each USGS 7.5' quadrangle.  Data is
      arranged and sold by layers.  Files are in AutoCAD format.  Data is under
      copyright.
      Basic roads.............. $80     Enhanced roads.......... $100
      Double line roads....... $150     Geographic names......... $40
      County Lines............. $80     Township Range and Section Lines...
      $80
      Contours................ $160     Terrain Relief Grid..... $160
      Quicksurf Compatible x,y,z ascii... $160
      Reservations have been expressed with regard to the contour data, which
      is thought to be contoured from the USGS 7.5' DEM.  Since this in many
      cases this DEM is generated from the contours taken from a paper map (by
      one of three different procedures), the new contours are really second
      order.
      For further details contact:
      Hamilton Exploration                  Email: 3326954@MCIMail.com
      PO Box 5381
      Virginia Beach
      Virginia 23455, USA.
(36)  The German state of Bavaria (Bayern) is currently implementing a
      topographic database called GEOGIS using Siemens Sicad GDB software.
      This will hold a variety of topographic layers and will be compatible
      with the German standard land information system ATKIS (Amtlich-
      Topographisch-Kartographische Informationssystem).
      The GEOGIS database is a vector database containing layers for topography
      geodetic/cartographic information, settlements, road infrastructure,
##### End of Part 3 of the Digital Elevation Catalogue (39870 bytes) #####
Return to Top
Subject: Digital Elev. Data Catalogue (4/5) [LONG!]
From: bruce@geovax.ed.ac.uk (Bruce Gittings)
Date: 1 Sep 96 00:03:48 GMT
##### Part 4 of the Digital Elevation Catalogue #####
      water bodies and rivers, vegetation and administrative boundaries.  Two
      GEOGIS datasets exist;  GEOGIS-25 at 1:25K and GEOGIS-500 at 1:500K.
      Complete coverage is available of GEOGIS-500, produced from existing
      1:500K maps.  GEOGIS-25 layers are still being produced, with planned
      completion in 1996. The data source is 1:23K aerial photography.  I have
      no details as to the form of the topographic layer (whether contours or
      spot heights) nor
      accuracy or size details.
      Data is generally in the Gauss-Krueger co-ordinate system and is
      available in either DXF, SICAD-SQD or (for GEOGIS-500 only) EDBS format.
      The GEOGIS 500 data is sold per layer for the whole of Bavaria, prices
      are 1000 dm for admin. boundaries and 3000 DM for water bodies/rivers.
      GEOGIS-25 data is sold by layer in sq. km. tiles;  prices are between 1
      and 3 DM per tile.  The DEM (called DGM-25) is held at 50m resolution,
      but is also available at 100 and 200m. The data source was stereo-
      photogrammetery.  The 50m data costs 15 DM per sq. km., the 100m data 5
      DM/sq. km. and the 200m data 3 DM/sq. km.  Another dataset which consist
      of 20m spaced points is also available (called DGM-5) at 65 DM per sq.
      km.  Additional topographic data is also available as rasters at 1:25K,
      1:50K and 1:100K.
      All prices quoted relate to May, 1993.  The minimum order is for 300 DM.
      Further information from the state surveying office
      (Landesvermessungsamt):
      Bayerisches Landesvermessungsamt      Tel: +49 89 2129-1740
      Alexandrastrasse 4                    FAX: +49 89 2129-1537
      D-80538 Munchen
      Germany.
(37)  A range of Global and regional terrain and bathymetric datasets are
      distributed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's
      National Geophysical Data Center (NOAA/NGDC).
      They have 30' data covering the USA (also available averaged to 1' and 3'
      grids as well).  The data source is 1:250 000 maps and costs $407.
      Bathymetric data includes point bathymetric soundings and gridded data
      for U.S. coastal waters.  In addition images of parts of the ocean
      bottoms are available.
      Substantial information about NGDC holdings is available through the WWW
      at URL http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov.  It is suggested that you select Marine
      Geological and Geophysical Data, browse around for information on these
      data or run a search for available ancillary.
      TerrainBase
      -----------
      NOAA/NGDC have recently released an elevation dataset caled TerrainBase.
      TerrainBase is a compilation of national, regional, and global public
      domain DEMs created by numerous creators/authors/agencies, plus digital
      bathymetric grids, along with a new mosaic global DEM at 5' lat-lon
      gridding which incorporates the most appropriate of these input grids.
      The current release of TerrainBase might be considered an extensive
      public Beta Test.  By "public Beta Test" NGDC mean that the data can be
      acquired on CD-ROM for nominal cost (currently $81 plus $10 for handling
      orders shipped outside the USA).  People that contribute back to NOAA/
      NGDC new unrestricted DEMs to improve TerrainBase, or sufficiently
      substantial new and valuable documentation or review comments, can become
      official data contributors and be entitled to free updates of TerrainBase
      or other data (by agreement).
      TerrainBase gives full credit to authors/contributors of DEMs.  It also
      encourages agencies which have high resolution restricted DEMs to
      reprocess to a lower resolution and contribute them as part of
      TerrainBase.
      The following tables lists the source data for TerrainBase, with
      approximate coverage area, grid spacing, developer/contributor, and sizes
      of datasets.  However, not that TerrainBase is an integrated dataset
      which will be available on CD-ROM;  NOAA/NGDC have no plans to make the
      individual source datasets available separately.
      Coverage          Grid    Topography  Developer/Contributor    Total
                        Spacing /Bathymetry                        Samples
      ----------------- ------- ----------- --------------------- --------
      TerrainBase Global   5'      Both      NOAA/NGDC                9.3M
      Global Land         10'   Topography   FNOC and NCAR            2.3M
      Global Oceans        5'   Bathymetry   U.S. Naval               8.7M
                                             Oceanographic Office
      North America        5'      Both      U.S. Defense          681,000
                                             Mapping Agency (DMA)
      Europe               5'      Both      U.S. DMA              616,000
      Conterminous USA    30"   Topography   U.S. DMA                26.4M
      Italy               30"      Both      Servizio Geologico
                                             Nazionale
      Africa               5'   Topography   Austral. Nat'l Univ.  886,000
      Greenland         5'x10'  Topography   Kort-og               115,000
                                             Matrikelstyrelsen
      Australia            5'   Topography   Austral. Nat'l Univ.  207,000
      Brazil Cerrados      2'   Topography   Centro Int. de        518,000
      Region                                 Agricultura Tropical
      Chile/Peru/          3'      Both      Cornell University    202,000
        Chile Trench
      Austria         1.5'x2.5' Topography   Tech. Universitat      32,000
                                             Graz
      Japan, Korea         5'      Both      U.S. DMA               37,000
      Netherlands       3'x5'   Topography   Tech. Universiteit      5,000
                                             Delft
      Alaskan Arctic      30"   Bathymetry   NOAA/CGS and NGDC       1.8 M
        Ocean Coast
      Bering Strait Coast 30"   Bathymetry   NOAA/CGS and NGDC     936,000
      Alaska Pacific      30"   Bathymetry   NOAA/CGS and NGDC       9.5 M
        Coast
      US Atlantic Coast   30"   Bathymetry   NOAA/CGS and NGDC       5.1 M
      Great Lakes         30"   Bathymetry   NOAA/CGS and NGDC       2.7 M
      US Gulf of          30"   Bathymetry   NOAA/CGS and NGDC       2.0 M
        Mexico Coast
      US Pacific Coast    30"   Bathymetry   NOAA/CGS and NGDC       3.0 M
      Hawaiian Islands    30"   Bathymetry   NOAA/CGS and NGDC       3.8 M
        Coast
      Puerto Rico Coast   30"   Bathymetry   NOAA/CGS and NGDC     360,000
      Central Northwest    5'      Both      NOAA/CGS and NGDC      24,000
        Territ., Canada
      Madagascar          30"   Topography   USGS EROS Data Center   1.6 M
      Dominican Rep.,     30"   Topography   USGS EROS Data Center 635,000
        Haiti & Puerto Rico
      News on NGDC's developments with DEMs are also on the WWW.  The URL for
      Topographic Data is:
      http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/globsys/topo.html
      Global Land One-kilometre Base Elevation Database Project (GLOBE)
      -----------------------------------------------------------------
      NGDC is also participating in the Global Land One-Kilometre Base
      Elevation database project (GLOBE).  This international effort aims to
      develop the best available DEM at 1-km (actually 30-arc-second) gridding,
      fully quality controlled.  The final product is scheduled for public
      release in 1997, following internal drafting and alpha testing in 1996.
      There will not now be an intermediate version, which was originally due
      in 1995.
      The general aims of GLOBE are:
      1. Develop a 1-km global DEM, by including the best available
         datasets and by encouraging specialists to participate in
         production and review of the data.  The GLOBE DEM will be made
         available to the worldwide research community, perhaps on 8-mm
         tape or CD-ROM.  There may be two versions of GLOBE:
         "BAD GLOBE" based on the Best Available Data (BAD), even if some
         data are restricted from general distribution.  This version
         would be distributed in accordance with whatever agreement is
         negotiated with contributors of various copyright datasets.
         High-quality restricted data may improve the usability of the DEM
         for people having access permission.  However, data not available
         to everyone are of limited value in promoting scientific
         advances.
         "GOOD GLOBE" based on Globally Only Open-access Data (GOOD). This
         is the primary aim of GLOBE; to produce an unrestricted DEM that
         is the most useful database for everyone.
         NB. As of 1st June, 1995, NGDC state there is now likely to be
         only one version of GLOBE;  the need for a "BAD" GLOBE has been
         saved by tremendous progress in obtaining access to appropriate
         data.
      2. Strengthen international collaboration in the development of
         research quality digital global data sets.  Adical and cultural
         capabilities for international collaboration in the development
         of such data.
      3. Strengthen social awareness of the need for optimal quality high-
         resolution global topographic information, including the
         provision of a focus for the timely release of currently
         restricted terrain data sets.
      4. Supply a "pathfinder" data set to the Earth observation
         community.
      5. Develop a data structure (nested multi-resolution grid system)
         useful for future enhancements such as might come from future
         topographic satellite missions.
      6. Give the Committee on Earth Observing Satellites Working Group on
         Data (CEOS-WGD) a prototype in cooperatively improving vital
         data.
      Input data and methods used for GLOBE are:
      .  Elevation contours from the 1:1,000,000 Operational Navigation
         Charts digitized into the Digital Chart of the World (DCW), will
         be gridded at 1-km nominal latitude-longitude spacing.
      .  Currently available high-resolution DEMs at higher resolution
         than GLOBE's will be sampled and inserted into GLOBE.
      .  DEMs derived from satellite imagery (stereo-optical and radar)
         and altimetry will be added to GLOBE where applicable.
      .  As available data from the 3 sources above do not currently
         provide global coverage, the GLOBE coverage will be filled out by
         resampling lower-resolution DEMs (for which there is global
         coverage).
      Documentation on sources, methods of derivation, quality control
      procedures and data characteristics will be provided as text, figures and
      maps.  Additional data, such as global hydrological networks, land-sea
      masks and terrain slope information, are expected to be developed as
      byproduct datasets.
      NGDC state that GLOBE would be considerably strengthened by additional
      participation, contribution of DEMs, etc.  They actively solicit
      additional contributions; appropriate citations will be given to all
      contributed data.  NGDC would greatly appreciate any leads which readers
      of this catalogue may have - I am happy to pass this information on.
      Some notable GLOBE contributors include:
      .  USGS EROS Data Center, Sioux Falls, USA
      .  University College London, UK
      .  DLR-German Remote Sensing Data Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
      An important contribution from the U.S. Defense Mapping Agency (DMA),
      derived from their previously unreleased DTED data, with coverage of
      about 55+% of the land surface, will make this a valuable data set.
      For further information contact David A. Hastings,
      (Email: dah@ngdc.noaa.gov), Secretary of GLOBE at the address below or
      telephone him on 303-497-6729.
      Further details are also on the WWW as:
                 URL: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/globsys/globe.html
      NOAA/NGDC can be contacted at:
      NOAA/NGDC                      Tel:   303-497-6338 (bathymetry)
      325 Broadway                          303-497-6084 (elevations)
      Boulder, CO 80303, USA         FAX:   303-497-6513
                                     Email: info@ngdc.noaa.gov
      NB. NOAA/NGDC will shortly announce a major new elevation data set.
      (See also Note (5) for further information about NOAA/NGDC elevation
      data)
(38)  The Belgian National Mapping Agency is the Institut Geographique National
      (IGN).  They have two point height datasets covering all of Belgium
      called the "DTM Level I" and the "DTM Level II".  The coordinate system
      for both datasets is geographicals.  The DTM Level I has a resolution is
      6" x 3" north of 50 degrees north and 3" x 3" south of 50 degrees north,
      while the DTM Level II has a resolution is 2" x 1" north of 50 degrees
      north and 1"x 1" south of 50 degrees north.
      Both are provided in EBCDIC or ASCII in a Belgian National Standard
      exchange format on 1600 b.p.i. magnetic tape.  English documentation is
      available.  The cost for DTM Level I is quoted as 250000 BFr, with DTM
      Level II at 500000 BFr, which seems very expensive in both cases.
      Both datasets are said to be accurate to 30m (90% probability).
      IGN are also part way through a programme to digitise all the line-work
      from their topographic maps (presumably including contours) and creating
      a feature-coded vector database.  There are two different scales - 1:10K
      and 1:20K.  The programme is only approx. 10% complete at present, with a
      planned completion date for the entire country of 2000.  The data was
      original captured using photogrammetery and is in a Lambert (conformal)
      co-ordinate system.  Costs and formats are unknown, although the data is
      thought to be available on 1600 b.p.i. magnetic tape.
      NB. 1996: 30m and 100m DEMs are now available which cover the
                national area.  Prices are as follows (in US dollars):
                 Per km2         Total Cost     Copyright Restrictions
                 -------         ----------     ----------------------
      30m        $6.0879         $185,760       One-time license fee
      100m       $0.7892         $ 13,089       "                  "
      For further information contact:
      Joel de Smet,
       Director General IGN
      Institut Geographique National                Tel: (???)648-6480
      Abbaye de la Cambre 13                        FAX: ?
      B-1050 Bruxelles  (Brussels)
      Belgium
(39)  The Australian Department of Environment and Natural Resources has data
      available for the Murray River flood-plain.
      A medium resolution (5m) CD-ROM set (three CD-ROMs) contains: 250 digital
      orthophotos, 100m mesh DEM, digital map index, display software (using
      Terrascan Lite) with print options examples of merged orthophotos and
      satellite imagery.
      The DTM data has been mathematically modelled on a 100m mesh grid, from
      photogrammetrically derived heights.  The orthophoto maps are digital
      imagery derived from aerial photography, corrected for camera and
      landscape distortions.  The imagery can be easily input to a PC, GIS or
      simply viewed and processed for planning, development control and
      management.  The images are stored as generic 8-bit one band data, with
      additional ASCII headers for ingestion into various image display
      systems, e.g. Terrascan (.tsw), Arc/Info (.hdr) and ERMapper (.ers).
      Additional high resolution (1.25m) CDs each contain between 5-7 images
      and vary between 80-120Mb.  Other data formats can be accomodated on
      request. An examples directory contains a data set of Landsat TM data
      which is merged with the digital orthophotos at a 10m pixel size.
      Cost is AU$400 (including postage and handling) for the 3 CD set at 5m
      resolution.  The high resolution CDs cost AU$200 each.
      Enquiries to and purchase from:
      Tom Tadrowski                                 Tel: (61)-68-226-4855
      Image Data Services,                          FAX: (61)-68-226-4906
      Resource Information Group,
      Department of Environment and Natural Resources
      282 Richmond Road, Netley,
      South Australia, Australia, 5037
(40)  A complete data set of the Philippines is available from NAMRIA, the
      National Mapping Agency of the Philippines.  This data was produced by
      the Swedish Space Corporation using SPOT data in 1987.  Contact:
      Ricardo Bina,        Tel: + 632 8105459
      NAMRIA
(41)  There is a complete data set of Sweden produced by Swedish Space
      Corporation (SSC) a few years ago from LANDSAT DATA, plus a CD series of
      Sweden by the National Land Survey.  SSC have also carried out work for a
      number of other countries in Africa.  They will supply lists of completed
      projects on request.
      Contact SSC at + 468 6276450.
      Email: postmaster@ssc.se
(42)  The Hellenic Military Geographical Service has released two different
      digital elevation data sets for Greece.
      A DEM in ARC/INFO GRID format with cell size of 250m created from contour
      lines from 1:250 000 maps with the addition of 26000 trig points.  This
      data covers the whole of Greece and costs 5,000,000 Drachmas (about
      $2100).  Contour lines digitized from topographic maps at the scale of
      1:5000, with a contour interval of 20m.  There is currently only limited
      availability (33% of the country),  with the planned programme completion
      in 2000. The data are held as vectors and are available in DXF, Arc/Info
      or ASCII formats on floppy disk or magnetic tape.  Costs are 60,000
      Drachmas per map sheet.  The co-ordinate system used and the availability
      of documentation are unknown.
      NB. 1996: A more recent survey of National Mapping Organisations
                quote the 250m DEM data as having 100% coverage of the
                national area and costing $0.2 per km2 or $26,391 total
                (single-use license).
      For further details, contact:
      Hellenic Military Geographical Service        Tel: ?
      Pedion Areos                                  FAX: ?
      GR-11362 Athinai
      Greece
(43)  ISTAR (Imagerie STereo Appliquee au Relief or, in english, Stereo Imagery
      Applied to Relief) is a company specialising in DEM production by
      automatic correlation techniques. It makes use of aerial photographs or
      satellite imagery and markets two products ranges, namely AERIAL and
      SPOT.  The DEM-derived products include orthoimages, area features by
      automatic extraction, linear features by semi-automatic extraction,
      computed contours lines and image maps.  DEM production may also be based
      on digitized contour maps.
      Since 1986, ISTAR has produced a total area of 1 million sq.km. from SPOT
      images at different resolutions (typical pixel size: 40m for XS, 20m for
      PA; typical Z standard deviation: 1/2 pixel).
      ISTAR can meet very large capacity requirements (1 to 20 GB) of complex
      databases including standard components (DEMs, Orthoimages, Land Cover
      and Vectors Files, Scanned Maps) at different scales and formats.  All
      products and their references are contained in a price described in
      technical documentation.
      A price list is available from the company.
      For further information contact:
      Alain Beinish                                 Tel: +33 93 95 72 30
      ISTAR                                         FAX: +33 93 95 83 29
      Bat. 2, Espace Beethoven
      Route des Lucioles
      06560 VALBONNE
      FRANCE
      The major source of ISTAR data is SPOT satellite imagery. SPOT
      encompasses steroscopic satellite imagery from which height information
      can be extracted.  10m DEMs are available for any location in the world
      via SPOT stereoimagery.  SPOT DEMs cover 60% - 100% of the full satellite
      image scene size of 60 x 60 km (~37 x 37 miles) with a minimum of 820 sq.
      miles.  Quarter-scene DTMs are also available.  Data are supplied on
      media including exabyte, 1/2" tape and CD-ROM.
      For further details contact:
      SPOT Image Corporation Inc.               Tel: 1-703-620 2200
      1897 Preston White Drive                  FAX: 1-703-648 1813
      Reston
      VA 22091-4368, USA.
      In the USA, Francois Zamora is SPOT Image's Digital Elevation Model
      Application specialist:
      Tel: +1 703 715 3152
      FAX: +1 703 648 1813
      Email: zamora@spot.com
      SPOT IMAGE is a French company, the contact details for the main office
      in France are:
      SPOT IMAGE                                Tel: 33-61 53 99 76
      BP 4359                                   FAX: 33-61 28 18 59
      F-31030 Toulouse Cedex                    Telex: 532 079 F
      France.
(44)  GETECH, a geophysical consultancy based at the University of Leeds in the
      U.K., have produced a new version of ETOPO5 (see Note 5) called GLOBAL
      DTM5.  This has been enhanced using information derived from their
      continental scale gravity project data.  The most significant
      enhancements are in the following areas:
         o Africa
         o South America
         o Australasia
         o Western & Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union
         o China and parts of South-East Asia
         o  Antarctica
      This dataset overcomes problems inherent in ETOPO5, such as systematic
      data shifts and low resolution.  Like ETOPO5, this is a 5 x 5 minute
      dataset (approx. 10km x 10km at the equator),  but it incorporates more
      than 10,000,000 new data points for increased accuracy.
      Data sets incorporated in GLOBAL DTM5 include: heights of gravity
      stations ship track bathymetry (limited areas at present), National DTMs,
      contour and spot heights from topographic maps, shorelines (for control),
      satellite derived heights (very limited at present) and the old ETOPO5.
      For North Central Asia (Former Soviet Union east of the Urals) an 8 km x
      8 km grid from gravity station heights was used.  For the USA the USGS 30
      second grid has been desampled to 5' x 5' and for Antarctica the SCAR/BAS
      topographic database was used (see Note 29).
      Topographic maps have only been digitised where the coverage of gravity
      stations and local DTMs is inadequate.  ETOPO5 has been used where
      nothing else is available.  Where used (primarily Canada and Greenland)
      ETOPO5 has been shifted by the appropriate 5' or 10' to the east to give
      proper registration.  Coverage maps for Africa, South America, Europe and
      South East Asia/Australasia are included, indicating the contributions of
      each data type for that area.
      All areas are produced directly at 5' x 5' except for North Central Asia
      and Europe, where intermediate local grids at 8 km and 4 km respectively
      have been used.  Thus east-west resolution at high latitude can be better
      than at the equator limited only by the original data distribution except
      in these two areas where it is limited by the intermediate grid spacing.
      Vertical accuracy of the global DEM varies greatly depending on source
      data, but the range is 5cm to 125m.  The gravity station heights are very
      accurate (5cm to 5m) but are only available in restricted areas. National
      DTMs are generally accurate to a few metres.  Topographic map derived
      heights depend on the contour intervals on the source map (10m up to a
      maximum of 250m) and the error will generally be half of this interval.
      Costs are $1500 or 950 pounds ($500 or 350 pounds for academic users).
      Site licences are available at $3000 ($1000 for academic users).
      GETECH also sells a 2.5' (4km) grid for Europe (area between 25 deg W to
      60 deg E, and 30 deg N to 85 deg N) at the same prices as the World
      dataset above.  Resolution of source data ranges between 250m and 10km.
      A 3' grid for South America (area between 100 deg W to 25 deg W, and 60
      deg S to 25 deg N) will be available by mid-1995.  Costs have not yet
      been determined.
      The data are supplied in ASCII format on ISO 9660 CD-ROM with a graphical
      display and extraction program for Windows PCs, together with with
      fulltechnical report (also available on the CD-ROM in ASCII and
      postscript formats) giving details of data sources and processing
      sequences.  The CD-ROM is also accessible from Mac and UNIX environments
      and the 'C'source code for extraction programs is supplied.
      For further details contact:
      Geophysical Exploration Technology     Phone: (+44) 113 2335240
      (GETECH)                               FAX:   (+44) 113 2429234
      c/o Department of Earth Sciences       Email:info@getech.leeds.ac.uk
      University of Leeds                    Telex: 556473 UNILDS G
      Leeds  LS2 9JT
      United Kingdom.
(45)  Environmental Information Center of the Thailand Environment Institute
      have almost completed a 1:250K database for Thailand.  The database is
      currently missing two sheets along Burmese border which are embargoed by
      the Royal Thai Army.
      The contours will soon be available as compressed (pkzip) DOS Arc/Info
      export files for anonymous ftp from ftp://ftp.nectec.or.th in the "/pub/
      info/thailand-gis+maps" directory. There are other mapping files
      available in this directory,  including country-wide maps and satellite
      images.
      The entire 1:250K database (including landuse, political boundaries,
      roads, rivers, etc) will be being put onto CD-ROMs starting in May.  The
      CDs will be given away free to university, government offices etc.  The
      full database is unlikely to be available from the NECTEC ftp site due to
      its large size.
      For further information, contact:
      Paul Hastings
      Director
      Environmental Information Center    Email: pjh@nwg.nectec.or.th
      Thailand Environment Institute             tei!paul@senior.nectec.or.th
      National Electronic & Computer
        Technology Centre (NECTEC)
      National Science & Technical
        Development Agency,
      Bangkok, Thailand.
(46)  EDX Engineering have data coving the United States, Great Britain, Canada
      and Mexico.
      The Great Britain (ie. not including Northern Ireland) Terrain Data DTM
      was digitised from early 20th century British Ordnance Survey maps at
      1:63,360 scale with a contour interval of 50 feet. The DEM is at 50m
      resolution and has a claimed RMS error of less than 2.5m, comparable with
      equivalent digital data from the UK Ordnance Survey.  It is distributed
      in 20km * 20km tiles, which may be purchased individually.  Purchase is
      via a one-off payment,  with no subsequent charges.  The data comes on
      CD-ROM or 3.5" floppy disk in EDX compressed format with a program to
      convert to ASCII.
      Charges:  1 tile                 $   80
               25 tiles                $ 1,850
               Full dataset            $22,500
      They also have 30m, 3'' and 30'' terrrain data coving the USA.  Prices
      vary depending on area covered, contact the company for more details or a
      price list.   3'' and 30'' terrain data covering the entire US (except
      Alaska) can be obtained on a single CD-ROM for $3,000.
      Canadian terrain elevation data is available for:
             All of Canada (excluding NW Terrorities)   $12,000
             "           " (including NW Terrorities)   $10,000
             Individual Provinces                       $3,500-5,000
      3'' terrain data covering Mexico is also available for:
             1 square degree on diskette                $   100
             All of Mexico database on CD-ROM           $12,000
              (255 files)
      For further information,  contact:
      EDX Engineering Inc.                      Tel: (503) 345-0019
      PO Box 1547                               Fax: (503) 345-8145
      Eugene, OR 97440
      USA
(47)  A topographic and climate database for Africa (Version 1) has been
      developed by the Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies (CRES) in
      the Australian National University.  A CD containing the data is
      available for a AU$20.  These data were created using spatial analysis
      and interpolation techniques developed by CRES.
      The CD contains forty ASCII files containing gridded values of elevation
      (DEM) and monthly mean climate for the African continent at a spatial
      resolution of 0.05 degrees of longitude and latitude.
      The topographic data were digitised from 1:1M scale air navigation
      charts, augmented by miscellaneous maps at larger scales in areas where
      data on the air navigation charts were sparse.  The digitised data
      consisted of all spot heights, selected significant points on elevation
      contours and selected stream lines.  The standard error of the DEM ranges
      between about 20 and 150 metres, depending mainly on terrain roughness.
      The data are stored as ARC/INFO ASCII integer GRID files (1380 columns by
      1450 rows). The longitude limits of the DEM are 17.5 degrees West to 51.5
      degrees East. The latitude limits of the DEM are from 35.0 degrees South
      to 37.5 degrees North. The elevations are in units of tenths of metres.
      Cells with no data (including all areas below the ocean) are denoted by -
      9999.
      The climate consists of monthly mean and annual mean values of rainfall,
      daily minimum temperature and daily maximum temperature at a sufficient
      spatial density to support reliable spatial interpolation. These data
      were collected over all available years, which was typically 1920 -1980
      and compiled from 18 national and international research institutes.
      In addition, the CD contains  corresponding colour images of each data
      file in GIF picture format, and source and DOS executables of programs to
      extract the data into IDRISI and GRASS.
      Much more information is available from the Web via the URL:
         http://cres.anu.edu.au/software/africa.html
      or alternatively, contact:
      Centre for Resource and                 Tel: 61-6-2494277
      Environmental Studies                   FAX: 61-6-2490757
      Australian National University          Email: office@cres.anu.edu.au
      Canberra ACT 0200
      AUSTRALIA
(48)  The Australian Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has been developed developed
      by the Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies (CRES) in the
      Australian National University, using their ANUDEM package.  This
      technique ensures that the DEM has a connected drainage structure by
      automatically removing spurious pits or sinks. The DEM also incorporates
      the stream line network digitized from the 1:2.5 M scale map of
      Australia.
      This DEM is available covering the whole of Australia at two resolutions
      - 3' (1/20th degree) and 1.5' (1/40th degree). It is also available
      covering the individual states at 1' or (1/60th degree).
      All DEMs are in ASCII format as floating point numbers, with two decimal
      places (10f8.2).  The limits of the data are -44S, 112E Degrees and -10S,
      154E Degrees, with 681 rows and 841 columns in the 3' DEM and 1361 rows
      and 1681 columns in the 1.5' DEM.  The value -99 is used to denote no
      data or ocean.
      The pricing (for a single site licence) is AU$2000 (3'), AU$5000 (1.5')
      and AU$1500 per state for the 1' model.
      The overall accuracy of the DEM is dependent on the local relief of the
      actual landscape and the resolution of the DEM, as well as the accuracy
      of the elevation and stream line data. In areas with low relief elevation
      errors in the DEM approach elevation errors in the original data of about
      10 m. In areas with complex terrain elevation errors may be well in
      excess of 100m.
      The table below gives the sources and estimated maximum errors of the
      data used to construct the 1/40th degree DEM.
          -------------------------------------------------------------
             Data source             Number     Horizontal    Vertical
                                    of points     error         error
                                                   (km)          (m)
          -------------------------------------------------------------
          Point Elevations
            BMR ground survey        400 000        0.1           7
            Trigonometric points      19 000        0.1           1
            Bench marks               83 000        0.5          10
          Coastline (1:250 000)       10 000        0.1           0
            1:250 000 scale maps      65 000        0.1          10
          Stream Lines
            1:2 500 000 scale map     15 000        1.0           -
            1:250 000 scale maps       7 000        0.1           -
          Sink Points
            1:250 000 scale maps         400        0.1          10
          ------------------------------------------------------------
      Much more information is available from the Web via the URL:
         http://cres.anu.edu.au/software/austdem.html
      or alternatively, contact the author:
      M.F. Hutchinson,                        Tel: 61-6-2494277
      Centre for Resource and                 FAX: 61-6-2490757
      Environmental Studies                   Email: office@cres.anu.edu.au
      Australian National University
      Canberra ACT 0200
      AUSTRALIA
(49)  The Swiss Federal Office of Topography (Bundesamt fur Landestopographie)
      produce two basic elevation datasets,  both of which are available for
      the whole of Switzerland:
        RIMINI 250m Grid
        Cost: SFr 5890 or for one sheet (17.5 x 12Km) SFr 40
        DHM25 25m Grid or Contours
        Cost: SFr 280,000 (very expensive) or for one sheet (17.5 x 12Km)
              SFr 5000
      Other datasets include national coverage of topographic mapping (as
      point, line and raster) at 1:200K scale (called LK200), 1:500K scale
      (LK500) and 1:1M scale (LK1000).  Costs are unknown.  Programmes are
      under way for capture of 1:25K (LK25) and 1:50K (LK50) scale mapping as
      link-node vector and also as raster data (from photogrammetry and paper-
      based maps) which should be complete by 2000.  A similar project to
      capture 1:100K data (LK100) should be complete by 1998.
      For further information or to order, contact:
      Bundesamt fur Landestopographie         Tel: +41 31 963 23 21
      Seftigenstrasse 264                     FAX: +41 31 963 24 59
      CH-3084 Wabern
      Switzerland
(50)  Small scale topographic data has been produced for the national area of
      Greece.  The data is not yet available and future availability is
      unknown.  No other details are available at present.
      Contact:
      Cyprus
      Department of Lands and Surveys
      Archbishop Makarios III Ave.
      CY-Nicosia
(51)  Raster topography, vector topography, link/node topography and digital
      height models are available for Denmark.  All data is based on the UTM-32
      coordinate system.
      The digital height model contains height points and is available in DXF
      and DSFL format.  Scale, resolution, medium and price are unknown.
      Topography data is available from scanned maps.  Raster topography data
      is available at the 1:25 000, 1:50 000, 1:100 000 and 1:250 000 scales.
      Vector topography data is available at the 1:200 000 scale.  Prices are
      unknown.  Denmark 1:750 000 topography (elements unknown) is available
      for the price of 8.000 Dkr.
      Manually digitised link/node topography data is also available at the
      1:500 000 and 1:1 Mio. scale
      Contact:
      Denmark
      Kort- og Matrikelstyrelsen
      Rentemestervej 8
      DK-2400 K benhavn NV
(52)  The production of Automated Charts, Europe (PACE) 1:500 000 dataset and
      Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTED) area available from:
      Great Britain
      Directorate of Military Survey
      Feltham
      The coordinate system of both datasets is geographicals.
      The PACE dataset covers the geographical extent 46 N..61 N ; 18 W..18 E
      and also covers hydrography, culture, names and air-information.
      Elements are vectors, points and heights.
      The DTED data covers the national area to a resolution of 1"x1".
      Currently only data for the area south of Fort Williams is available,
      future availability is unknown.
(53)  The DTM-100 dataset contains spot height, covers the national area and
      uses the EOTR coordinate system.
      Contact:
      Foldmeresi es Taverzekelesi Intezet - FoMI       Tel: ++36-1-1113431
      Sas utca 19.                                     Fax: ++36-1-1126480
      H-1051 Budapest
      Hungary
      The DTA-500 and DTA-200 topography datasets have partial geographic
      extent and use EOTR / Gauss-Kruger coordinate systems.  The DTA-50
      datasets uses the EOTR coordinate system only.  The availability of these
      datasets is unknown.  For more details contact:
      Magyar Honvedseg                                 Tel: ++36-1-?
      Toth agoston Terkepeszeti Intezet                Fax: ++36-1-?
      Szilagyi E. Fasor 7-9.
      H-1025 Budapest
      Hungary
      The Digital Terrain Model 200m and 1km datasets contain absolute and
      relative height points.  Both use EOTR / Gauss-Kruger coordinate systems.
       Both datasets cover the nantional area and are available from:
      Tavkozlesi Kutato Intezet                        Tel: ++36-1-1355560
      Gabor aron utca 65.-67                           Fax: ++36-1-1353900
      H-1026 Budapest
      Hungary
      Prices for these datasets can be worked out through a bilateral
      agreement.
(54)  The Ireland office of the Ordnance Survey can be contacted at:
      Ordnance Survey Office
      Phoenix Park
      IRL-Dublin 8
      Ireland
      The total availability of 1:50 000 topography data is planned for 1997.
      Other datasets should be available now.
      All data covers the whole national area except for the 1:2 500 data which
      covers 90% of the national area.
      All data uses the Irish Grid coordinate system.
      See note (4) for information on the NTF transfer format.
(55)  The Serie (r) dataset was produced from scans and covers the national
      area, It's availability is ~80% for contours and ~15% for hydrology.  The
      Serie (n) data is produced by photogrammetry and covers 20% of the
      national area.  Only ~1% of the Serie 25 (n) data is available and future
      availability is unknown.
      The Serie 50 dataset covers 65% of the national area and 3% of the
      dataset is available.  Future availability is unknown.
      The Serie 250 dataset covers 90% of the national area.  5% of it is
      available and future availability is unknown.
      All of the contour data from the "1:500 000 Data Base" is available.  The
      data uses the Lambert (conformal) coordinate system.
      A 20m DEM covering half the national area is also available for $3 per
      km2 or $488,051 total (one-time license fee).
      Contact:
      Institutio Geographico Militaire
      Via Cesare Battisti 10
      50122
      Firenze (Florence)
      Italy
(56)  Only portions of these link/node topography datasets for the Netherlands
      are currently available.  Planned complete availability for the datasets
      are as follows:
      Dataset             Year
      -----------------   ----
      1:10 000/1:25 000   1998
      1:50 000            1997
      1:100 000           2000
      1:500 000           2000
      The 1:250 000 Data file is completely available and is cartographic data
      containing vectors and qualities set to the UTM coordinate system.
      The 3'x6' DEM has horizontal accuracy of 130m CE 90% and vertical
##### End of Part 4 of the Digital Elevation Catalogue (39879 bytes) #####
Return to Top
Subject: Digital Elev. Data Catalogue (5/5) [LONG!]
From: bruce@geovax.ed.ac.uk (Bruce Gittings)
Date: 1 Sep 96 00:03:55 GMT
##### Part 5 of the Digital Elevation Catalogue #####
      accuracy of 30m LE 90%.
      10m and 100m DEMs are available at the following prices (in US dollars):
                  per km2      Total Cost     Copyright Restrictions
                  -------      ----------     ----------------------
      10m DEM     $1.5912       $66,512        One-time license fee
      100m DEM    $0.4351       $18,205        "                  "
      All datasets cover the entire national area.
      Contact:
      Topografishce Dienst
      Bendienplein 5
      NL-7815 SM Emmen
      The Netherlands
(57)  The 1:1250 and 1:2500 datasets contain link/node elements and cover 4%
      and 86% of the national area respectively.  The 1:2500 dataset should be
      completely available by 1997.  Both datasets are continuously updated.
      The 1:10 000 and 1:100 000 topography datasets should also be completely
      available by 1997.  The 1:100 000 was produced through generalization.
      The 1:10 000 is known to be continuously updated.
      In addition to contours the 1:50 000 and 1:250 000 datasets also cover
      hydrology, coastlines and boundaries.  The 1:250 000 also covers
      communications and settlements.  The 1:50 000 contains vectors, seeds,
      feature codes, names and INS-codesand the 1:250 000 contains vectors.
      The datasets cover the national area and both should be completely
      available.  The 1:50 000 is continuously updated and the 1:250 000 is
      updated irregularly.
      All datasets use the Irish Grid coordinate system.
      Costs for most of these data sets can be arranged through a bilateral
      agreement.
      Contact:
      Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland
      Colby House
      Stranmillis Court
      NIRL-Belfast
      BT9 5BJ
      Northern Ireland
      See also note (4) for information on the OS NTF transfer format.
(58)  The 1:10 000 DTM uses the Gauss Projection coordinate system.  37% of the
      dataset is available and future availability is unknown.  The data set is
      being irregularly updated.
      Only 5% of the 1:50 000 data is available and again, future availability
      is unknown.  This data is also being irregularly updated.
      The 1:500 000 dataset contains point and line elements and is completely
      available.  It also uses the Gauss Projection coordinate system and is
      being irregularly updated.
      They're are also 10m and 50m DEMs available at the following prices (in
      US dollars):
               per km2        Total Cost       Copyright Restrictions
               -------        ----------       ----------------------
      10m      $23.3546       $1,277,863        One-time license fee
      50m      $ 0.9123       $   83,218        "                  "
      All datasets cover the national area, except for the 10m DEM which covers
      60% of the national area.
      Contact:
      Instituto Geografico Cadastral
      Pra a da Estrela
      P-1200 Lisboa
      Portugal
(59)  The Instituto Geografico Nacional can be contacted at:
      Instituto Geografico Nacional
      General Ibanez de Ibero 3
      E-28071 Madrid 3
      They have a 200 x 200m DTM that covers the national area and the complete
      dataset is available.
      Their 1:25 000 topographic dataset covers 30% of the national area and
      contains topographic information such as administrative areas, relief,
      hydrography, vegetation, built-up areas, traffic and power lines.
      The 1:200 000 topographic dataset covers the entire national area.
      Both datasets are based on UTM coordinates and should be completely
      available.  The update procedure for the datasets is irregular.
      For the contour/height datasets; about 7% of the 1:25 000 contour/heights
      dataset is available and future availability is unknown while the 1:200
      000 data is completely available.  Both datasets cover the national area
      and their is no update procedure.
      Documentation is available in Spanish for the 1:25 000 and 1:200 000
      topographic data (unknown for others).
(60)  These datasets cover the national area and are based  on the National
      Grid of Sweden coordinate system.  The datasets are being irregularly
      updated.  English documentation is available.  Contact:
      The 50m DEM was produced from 1:50 000 maps, aerial photos, and ortho
      photo plates from 1:10 000 and 1:20 000 photos.  Cost is #60,000.  The
      dataset consists of 130 million elevation points covering 400 000 km2.
      The 500m DEM was produced in the 1960s for radar intervisibility studies
      from 1:50 000 maps.  Cost is unknown.
      Contact:
      Lantmateriet, Lantmateriverket
      Lantmaterigatan 2
      S-801 82 Gavle
      Sweden
      Reference:
      Ottoson, L., 9th Int Con on Cartography, Maryland, July, 1978,
      Establishment of a High Density Digital Terrain Elevation Data Base in
      Sweden.
(61)  They are three series of datasets available from the "Bundesamt fur
      Landestopographie" for Switzerland.  These are Link/node/raster
      topography maps; Point/line/raster topography maps; and Height point
      datasets.
      Link/node, Raster Topography Data
      ---------------------------------
      They 1:25 000 and 1:50 000 datasets will not be available until the year
      2000.  The 1:100 000 data is planned to be available in 1998.  All
      datasets will cover the national area.
(62)  This dataset is not for sale.
      The owner of this data set is:
      Ministry of National Defence
      General Command of Mapping
      TR-06100 CEBECI - Ankara
      Turkey
(63)  In the German federal state of Baden-Wurttemberg the state surveying
      office (Landesvermessungsamt) provides the following data covering the
      state;
         -topography data at 1:25 000 and 1:50 000
         -50 x 50m spot heights
      There are two 1:25 000 datasets.  One contains topography based on the
      ATKIS data model and stored in ATKIS (German standard land information
      system).  Availability is planned for 1996/97.  The other is a raster
      topography dataset only 20% of which is available.  The 1:50 000 raster
      topography is completely available.
      The 50 x 50m spot height data has an accuracy of 2-5m and is based on the
      Gauss-Kruger coordinate system.  The data source is aerial photos (scale
      unknown) and the height points refer to the top of trees in forested
      areas.  This data is stored in Siemens SICAD-GDB software.
      Contact:
      Landesvermessungsamt Baden-Wurttemberg
      Buchsenstrasse 54
      D-70174 Stuttgart
      Germany
(64)  For the German city-state of Hamburg 1:20 000 Topography (pre-version of
      ATKIS) data should be completely available.  The data source is a 1:20
      000 city map.  The data is stored in Siemens SICAD-GDB software.
      Contact:
      Bauberhorde - Vermessungsamt -
      (Building Dept. Surveying Office)
      Wexstrasse 7
      D-20355 Hamburg
      Germany
(65)  The surveying office (Landesvermessungsamt) for the German state of
      Hessen provides the following datasets that cover the state area.
      They can be reached at:
      Hessisches Landesvermessungsamt
      Schaperstrasse 16
      D-65195 Wiesbaden
      Germany
      They have a 1:25 000 topography data set stored in ORACLE and based on
      the ATKIS (German standard land information system) data model (see note
      which also covers location and hydrology.  Complete availability of the
      dataset is planned for 1996.  The data source is a combination of
      cadatral maps and city plans.
      There are raster topography datasets at the 1:25 000 (33% available,
      future availability unknown) 1:50 000 and 1:100 000 scales.
      Both of the spot height datasets are complete and available.
(66)  Two datasets covering the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern are
      available from the state surveying office (Landesvermessungsamt):
      Landesvermessungsamt Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
      Lubecker Strasse 289
      D-19059 Schwerin
      Germany
      They have 1:25 000 topography based partly on the ATKIS (German standard
      land information system) data model.  The dataset also covers commune/
      location names and boundaries.  The datades city plans and availability
      of the dataset is planned for 1997.  This data is stored in Siemens
      SICAD-GDB software.
      A raster topography dataset of unknown scale/resolution should be
      available, no other details are known.
(67)  The German state of Northrhine Westphalia (Nordhem-Westfallen) has data
      available from its state surveying office (Landesvermessungsamt):
      Landesvermessungsamt Northrhine Westphalia
      Muffendorfer Strasse 19-21
      D-53177 Bonn
      Germany
      They have 1:25 000 Topography data based on the ATKIS (German standard
      land information system) data model.  The data also covers boundaries,
      unused land and customs.  The data was planned to be complete and
      available by 1995.
      The DGM50 dataset contains 50 x 50m spot heights produced from
      photographic profile measurements and is fully available.  The DGM10 data
      contains 10 x 10m height points with an accuracy of +/- 0.3 to 0.5
      meters.
      The raster topography datasets were produced from scans, all of which are
      available in TIFF and Scitex Type 30 formats.
      All datasets use the Gauss-Kruger coordinate system (1:500 000 ?).
(68)  Data covering the German state of Rhineland Palatinate (Rheinland Pfalz)
      can be obtained from the state surveying office (Landesvermessungsamt):
      Lanedesvermessungsamt Rheinland-Pfalz
      Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse 15
      D-56073 Koblenz
      Germany
      Like most German states they have 1:25 000 topography data based on the
      ATKIS data model.  This is stored in Siemens Sicad GDB software and
      planned for full availability in 1995 (therefore should now be
      available).  The data also partly covers planned land use.
      Their 20 x 20m spot height data (DHM5) is 68% available with plans for
      90% availability by 1998.  The data source is 1:8 000/1:12 500 aerial
      photos and a 1:5 000 base map.  The dataset will be updated together with
      the base map or on special demand.
      The 40 x 40m spot height data (DHM25) produced from 1:34 000 aerial
      photos is 32% available with plans for it to be replaced successively by
      the 20 x 20m data down to 10% of the land.
      The 40m DEM has accuracy of + 2-3m (+9m in woodland) produced from 1:125
      001 + 1:34 000 aerial photos.
      All use the Gauss-Kruger coordinate systems.
      Raster topography data should also be available, no details are known.
(69)  Data covering the German state of Saarland can be obtained from its state
      surveying office (Landesvermessungsamt):
      Landesvermessungsamt des Saarlandes
      Von der Heydt 22
      D-66115 Saarbrucken
      Germany
      They have 1:25 000 topography data based on the ATKIS (German standard
      land information system) data model and planned for availability in 1997/
      98.  The data also covers cable, mast. and is stored in Siemens SICAD-GDB
      software.
      They also have DGM5; 1:5 000 contour lines and structure data stored in
      vectors and based on Gauss-Kruger (3rd system) coordinates.  The data
      source is 1:12 000 aerial photos and a 1:5 000 base map.  The data will
      be updated every 5 years for mining areas.  Data is available in
      SCOP(KARTE001, WINPUT), EDBS AND SICAD-SQD IN ASCII/EBCDIC exchange
      formats and tar and BS2000 exchange structures on disk, magnetic tape and
      streamertape.
      The 1:5 000 contour data was used to calculate DHM5, the 20 x 20m spot
      height data which is based on the same coordinates and in the exchange
      structures/media as the 1:5 000.  DHM5 is available in SCOP(KART001,
      WINPUT) in ASCII/EBCDIC.  German documentation is available for both
      datasets.
(70)  Data covering the German state of Saxony (Sachsen) can be obtained from
      it's state surveying office (Landesvermessungsamt):
      Landesvermessungsamt Sachsen
      Olbrichtplatz 3
      D-01099 Dresden
      Germany
      They have 1:25 000 Topography data based on the ATKIS data model planned
      for availability in 1997.  Data sources include city plans and the
      dataset also covers commune names, location names and boundaries.  The
      data is stored in Siemens SICAD-GDB software.
(71)  Data covering the German state of Slesvig-Holstein (Schleswig-Holstein)
      can be obtained from its state surveying office (Landesvermessungsamt):
      Landesvermessungsamt Schleswig-Holstein
      Mercatorstrasse 1
      D-24106 Kiel
      Germany
      They have 1:25 000 topography data based on the ATKIS  data model
      (partly) which also covers main dikes.  Availability is planned for
      1997.
      10% of their 12.5 x 12.5 spot height data is available, future
      availability is unknown and no other details are available.
      There should also be a raster topography dataset available, again, no
      other details are known.
(72)  Data covering the German state of Thuringia (Thueringen) can be obtained
      from:
      Thuringer Landesverwaltungsamt
      - Landesvermessungsamt -
      Schmidtstedter Ufer 7
      D-99084 Erfurt
      Germany
      They have 1:25 000 topography based on the ATKIS data model and stored in
      ORACLE.  Availability is planned for 1997.
      They also have two 25 x 25m spot height datasets;
      1) Accuracy: 5m  Availability 20%
      2) Accuracy: 9m  Availability 30%
(73)  The New South Wales Land Information Center (NSW LIC) has 25m grid data
      covering 70% of NSW at 1:250 000 scale.  The source of the data is
      digitised topographic maps and ortho-photo profiles.
      Contact:  Greg Reid (063) 328465
      They also have 5m grid data coving the Sydney area.  The data set is
      72,018,001 elevation points in size and costs AU$100 and AU$20 per km2.
      The data source is 2m, 4m and 10m contour maps.
      Contact: LIC (063) 326200
      The address for the LIC is:
      LIC
      PO Box 143
      Bathurst, NSW
      Australia
      2795
(74)  The Department of Land Administration of Western Australia (DOLA)
      has digital contour data from 5m, 10m and 20m maps covering 40% of
      Western Australia.
      Contact:
      Alex Wyllie
      DOLA Central Government Building
      Cathedral Ave.
      Perth 620
      Australia
(75)  Survey and Mapping Victoria have ungridded digital contour data at
      1:25 000 covering 30% of Victoria.
      Contact:
      J.R. Parker                  Tel: (03) 651 5111
                                   Fax: (08) 651 2353
      Surveys and Mapping Victoria
      2 Treasury Place
      Melbourne
      Victoria, 3002
      Australia
(76)  The Bureax of Mineral Resources (BMR) of Australia has 6'(11km) grid
      data covering Australia.
      The data has horizontal accuracy of 100m and vertical accuracy of 4-5m.
      the size of the dataset is 400 000 elevation points.  The origin is the
      Australian Gravity Data Base.
      The data sources are ground and barometic surveys.  Contact informaiton
      is unknown.
(77)  Lands South Australia has digital contour data covering South Australia
      that can be gridded on request.  The horizontal accuracy of the data is
      10-100m and the vertical accuracy 0.3-2m.
      The data format is UNIX Design File in 3D, (others available) on floppy
      disk, magnetic tape or exabyte.
      The origin of the data is contour maps of the largest scale available
      over any area.
      Cost is worked out by a formula.
      Contact:
      Grant Cullen                           Tel: (???) 226-4852
       Superintendent of Mapping
      Lands SA
      Mapping Branch
      282 Richmond Rd.
      Netley, South Autralia, 5037
      Australia
(78)  The TUG87 dataset covers the world at a horizontal grid of 5'x5', 30'x30'
      and 1 degree x 1 degree.  It was produced between December 1986 and March
      1987.
      Contact:
      Professor H. Sunkel
      Institute of Theoretical Geodesy
      Technical University Graz
      Technikerstrasse 4
      A 8010 Graz
      Austria
(79)  The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources has 60 and 100m DEMs covering
      North and East parts of Ontario (401 highway) produced from 1:30 000 and
      1:50 000 aerial photography.
      Contact:
      Barry Costello                   Tel: (416)314-1300
      Ontario Ministry of              Fax: (416)314-1336
       Natural Resources
      90 Sheppard Ave E.
      North York, Ontario
      M2N 3A1
      Canada
(80)  DEM data for Greenland produced from airborne radar altimetry is
      available from:
      Kort-og Matrikelstyrelsen Geodaevision
      Rentemesterves 8
      DK 2400 Kobenhaun NV
      Denmark
      Contact: Simon Ekholm
(82)  The Tecnical University Delft in the Netherlands makes this data
      available on floppy disk.  It was produced in 1963 in a free air
      anomalies study.
      Contact:
      Faculteit Geodesi
      Technical University Delft
      Postbus 5030 2600 GA Delft
      Netherlands
(83)  This data set has horizontal accuracy of 130m CE 90% and vertical
      accuracy of 30m LE 90%.
      Contact:
      Jonny Anderson                      Tel: 47 67 18 100
      Statens Kartverk                    Fax: 47 67 18 101
      Kartuerksum
      N-3500 Honefoss
      Norway
(84)  These DEMs are produced from 1:250 000 maps and cover 15-24 degrees East
      - 28 - 35 South.
      Contact:
      Prof. C.L. Merry
      Dept. Surveying
      Menzies Building
      24 Engineering Hall
      University of Cape Town
      Rondesbosch 7700
      South Africa
      Reference:
      Merry, C.L. (1981), A preliminary DEM of South Africa, SA Survey Journal,
      April, pp4.9.
(85)  Coverage is digitised 20m contour data from 1:50 000 National Map Series.
       Belize is covered by 44 of these sheets, of which approximately 20% have
      been completed as of mid-1996.
      Charges will depend on the type of institution making the request.
      Contact:
      Land Information Center                Tel: (0)8 22249
      Ministry of Natural Resources          Fax: (0)8 22333
      Belmopan                             Email: lincenbze@btl.net
      Belize
(86)  This DEM covers 28.873% of the Canada's area.  Costs are (in US dollars)
      $1.1325 per km2 or $4,431,775 total and based on a Royalty license.
      Contact:
      Geomatics Canada, Ottawa
(87)  They're are 25m and 50m DEMs with 100% coverage of Israel available at
      the following costs (in US Dollars):
                  Per km2     Total Cost  Copyright Restrictions
                  -------     ----------  ----------------------
      25m DEM       $1.04       $22,361     One-time license fee
      50m DEM       $0.52       $11,181     "                  "
      Contact:
      Survey of Israel, Tel-Aviv
(88)  The Department of Suveying and Mapping in Kuala Lumpur has 15m and 30m
      DEMs each of which covers 10% of Malaysia.  Prices are as follows (in US
      dollars):
                   per km2       Total Cost     Copyright Restrictions
                   -------       ----------     ----------------------
      15m DEM      $9.5831       $316,028       Annual + one time fee
      30m DEM      $2.3958       $ 79,026       "                   "
      Other details are unknown.
(89)  1km DEM data is available for Vietnam from the National Geodetic and
      Cartogrpahic Service, Hanoi.
      Costs are $0.0152 per km2 or $5,000 total (one-time license fee).
      No other details are known.
(90)  The following companies may be able to supply data for Eastern Europe and
      Korea.
      Paradigm Sim                     Tel: (214) 960-2301
      Texas (?)
      USA
      This company is a US Department of Defence sub-contractor which provides
      visual terrain databases for military and commercial users.
      Land Info                        Tel: (303) 369-6800
      Aurora, Colorado
      USA
      Primarily a mapping company, they can extract DEMs from maps and output
      to common formats.  Costs is $1200 per map plus $100 for the DEM data.  A
      typical map is 1:250 000.
      Autometric                        Tel: (314) 770-1421
      5301 Shawnee Rd.
      Alexandria
      VA, USA
      This company provides terrain databases with built-in DEM/DTED editing
      with import/export.
(91)  GRID Bangkok will become the regional repository for regional
      thematic datasets.
      Contact:
      Surendra Shrestra                 Tel: + 662 5245365
      Bangkok, Thailand                 Fax:      5165125
      UNEP,                           Email: surendra@emailhost.ait.ac.th
      Asian Institute of Technology
      UNEP-GRID Dataset Catalogue
      ---------------------------
      BAN 0004 Elevation map of Bangladesh from Global Elevation data
      ETOPO5 Vector Bangladesh Unknown 5 minutes 130 kB
      BUR 0004 Elevation map of Burma from Global Elevation dataset ETOPO5
      Vector Burma Unknown 5 minutes 1.37 MB
      CAM 0007 Elevation map of Cambodia from Global Elevation dataset
      ETOPO5 Vector Cambodia Unknown 5 minutes 480 kB
      GLB 0004 Global Elevation map "ETOPO5" Raster Global Unknown 5
      Minutes 19 MB
      INO 0004 Elevation map of Indonesia from Global Elevation dataset
      ETOPO5 Vector Indonesia Unknown 5 Minutes 2.7 MB
      LAO 0004 Elevation map of Laos from Global Elevation dataset ETOPO5
      Vector Laos Unknown 5 Minutes 420 kB
      MAL 0004 Elevation map of Malaysia from Global Elevation dataset
      ETOPO5 Vector Malaysia Unknown 5 Minutes 536 kB
      PHI 0003 Elevation map of Philippines from Global Elevation data
      ETOPO5 Vector Philippines Unknown 5 Minutes 986 kB
      VIE 0004 Elevation map of Vietnam from Global Elevation dataset
      ETOPO5 Vector Vietnam Unknown 5 Minutes 607 kB
      Asia       : Boundaries, Soils, Vegetation
      Bangladesh : Boundaries, Hydrology, Transportation, Drought
      Burma      : Boundaries, Hydrology, Transportation
      Cambodia   : Boundaries, Hydrology, Districts, Geology, Soils,
                   Precipitation, Climate, Transportation, Drainage,
                   Landuse, Vegetation
      China      : Disasters
      Global     : Ecosystems, Soils, Cultivation, Albedo, Climate,
                   Wetlands, GVI, Temperature, Precipitation,
                   Methane Emission, Soil Degradation, Boundaries,
                   Socio-economic
      India      : District Boundaries
      Pakistan   : District Boundaries
      Indonesia  : Boundaries, Hydrology, Transportation
      Laos       : Boundaries, Hydrology, Districts, Geology, Soils,
                   Precipitation, Climate, Transportation, Drainage,
                   Landuse
      Malaysia   : Boundaries, Hydrology, Transportation
      Nepal      : Boundaries, Hydrology, Geology, Transportation
      Philippines: Boundaries, Hydrology, Transportation
      S.E. Asia  : AVHRR Sat. Images, IUCN Forest Map
      Thailand   : Boundaries, Hydrology, Forest Classification,
                   Transportation
      Vietnam    : Boundaries, Hydrology, Transportation
DEM SOFTWARE
------------
(A)  Peter Guth has developed a super little PC-based program for DEM Mapping
     and analysis called MICRODEM+ which is freely available.  MICRODEM+ reads
     USGS, DMA DTED, NOAA EEZ, TerraBase and ASCII xyz DEM formats, in addition
     to satellite image data (TIFF, LandSat and SPOT) and map data in USGS DLG
     or US Census Bureau TIGER formats.  It forms an impressive geomorphometric
     toolkit.  Contour, slope, aspect and concavity/convexity maps can all be
     produced (with several different slope and aspect algorithms),  along with
     cross-sections through to 3D perspective displays, with overlain thematic
     data and fully animated fly through capabilities.  Semi-variograms, fast
     fourier transforms, statistical slope orientations, frequencies, basin
     delineation are all possible.  On top of all of that,  the effects of
     different map projections can be demonstrated and even animated
     continental drift simulations are included.  Demonstration data is
     provided.  There are also other programs including TS-PLOT and, for
     oceanography, WAVES, TIDES, DUCK beach profiles and MARINE GEOLOGY.
     These programs are all available via anonymous ftp from ftp.nadn.navy.mil
     (Numeric IP address is 131.121.163.70), in the pub/oceano directory.  Then
     choose either the microdem and oceanlab directories.
     A version is also available via Sol Katz's ftp site at URL:
                  ftp://ftp.blm.gov/pub/gis/microdem.*
     (That is anonymous ftp to "ftp.blm.gov" and it is in the directory
      "/pub/gis/", called "microdem.xxx", where xxx is the version of the
      software).
     Peter will be adding additional programs, data and documentation as time
     goes on and providing updated versions of the programs.  He is interested
     in suggestions, comments and ideas on how to improve the programs.
     Contact:
     Peter L. Guth                        Email: pguth@charleston.nadn.navy.mil
     Oceanography Department
     U.S. Naval Academy
     Annapolis, Maryland,  USA
(B)  Kevin Wooley has produced a shareware package called 'Landscape Explorer'
     running on a Windows PC (with at least 4MB RAM).  Version 3.50 is new in
     October 1995.  It can import data from digital files or scanned map images
     (allowing you to automatically trace contours) to create 3D models of
     landscape surfaces. These can be viewed from any position and drawn in
     many different schemes such as Summer and Winter colours, GIS data mapping
     and wire frame. Supports USGS DEM 7.5' (provided they conform  to the
     official format of blank-padded and  CRLF-terminated 1024-byte records)
     and UK OS NTF LandRanger file formats.  Version 3.0 adds a much enhanced
     user-interface, animation, 256 pseudo-realistic colour schemes and
     "state-of-the-art" interpolation facilities.  I'm told it doesn't handle
     very large grids, and that the unregistered version allows only 16 colors,
     and an even smaller grid.
     In addition, a new program called Landscape Animator allows the creation of
     views from inside the overlay and the generation of fly-throughs.  A small
     demonstration file available via Kevin's home page (see below) shows a
     flight up the south col of everest using the Royal Geographical Society
     'Hollings' map.
     You can get the software via ftp to "garbo.uwasa.fi" as
     "/windows/graphics/land350.zip" or "oak.oakland.edu" in the directory
     "SimTel/win3/gis".  The software is also available via Kevin's home
     page at http://www.stir.ac.uk/~kjw1r/home.html
     The shareware registration costs GBP40/US$65.  A non-shareware 'pro'
     version is also available that includes image and object overlay
     facilities, AutoCAD DXF export and VistaPro interfaces.
     Further information from:
     Dr Kevin J. Woolley                  Phone: 01786 825406
     WoolleySoft                          FAX:   01786 825406
     Humblesknowe Cottage,                Email: <100332.2104@compuserve.com>
     Ramoyle, Dunblane,
     Perthshire, SCOTLAND FK15 0BA
(C)  Sol Katz (skatz@dsc.blm.gov) maintains an archive of GIS programs and some
     data which accessible via ftp to "ftp.blm.gov" in the directory "/pub/gis".
     The files which are relevant to terrain modelling include:
     000-index        Index File
     contour.zip      f77 src for contouring a grid
     dem2dat.zip      convert dem to xyz, qb src and exe
     dem2xyz3.zip     convert dem to xyz, c src and exe, works on 3 arc-sec, v3
     demconv.f77      dem to row,col,z, f77 src, needs work
     demout.f77       create a usgs dem from a grid. f77 src
     nyc.dxf          contours (20') of west half of New_York_e.dem, lat long
     renka.f77        point triangulation to grid, f77 src only
     There are also a number of different PC-based GIS packages and lat/long
     <-> UTM inter-conversion programs.
(D)  SAGE Capture is a program running under DOS windows (with command
     buttons).   It translates between a variety of raster and vector file
     formats including export filters to VistaPro DEM and BIN formats.
     With the vector to raster converter you can create raster point/line,
     polygon and DEM surface maps from vector DXF data.  These maps, once
     created in raster format, can then be transferred to a variety of other
     raster systems, including Arc/info grid ASCII, IDRISI, ERDAS .gis,
     TerraScan, PC-MAP, SAGE, VistaPro, ASCII and CSV.
     Another utility allows conversion of a landcover map to a VistaPro
     terrain type overlay, which can then be used to have VistaPro render
     trees, rivers, cliffs and buildings in the correct place on the DEM.
     SAGE Capture is US$200 for academic institutions.  For more information
     look at URL http://www.dlsr.com.au/
     Robert J. Raulings,                     Phone/FAX: + 61 3 9348 9489
     Digital Land Systems Research (DLSR),   Email:  dlsr@werple.mira.net.au
     PO Box 4191,
     Parkville, Victoria 3052,
     Australia
(E)  Ruediger Koethe has a program called SARA which can compute morphometric
     relief parameters such as slope, aspect, curvature and analytical
     hillshading from a DEM.  It is also able to automatically derive
     geomorphographic features:
       - (linear) flow lines, crest lines, breakes in slopes (edges) and
       - (areas) summit areas, valley grounds, slope areas, closed depressions,
                 areas with divergent and convergent flow paths, subdividing of
                 slopes etc.
     A WWW page (in German,  although an english vesion should be available
     shortly) is available at the URL:
         http://uggg-pc-s1.uni-geog.gwdg.de/pg/sara/sara-d.htm
     SARA runs under VMS, SunOS and OSF/1 (with other UNIX versions planned for
     next year). There is a nominal charge of DM 300.  The user interface, the
     online documention and the user manuals (approx. 200 pages) are currently
     only available in German.
     For further information, contact:
     Ruediger Koethe                         Tel: +49 551 / 39-8088
     Geographisches Institut                 FAX: +49 551 / 39-8006
     Universitaet Goettingen               Email: koethe@uggg01.dnet.gwdg.de
     Goldschmidtstr. 5
     D-37077 Goettingen
     Germany
(F)  ANUDEM has been designed to produce accurate digital elevation models with
     sensible drainage properties from comparatively small, but well chosen
     input data. ANUDEM calcuates values on a regular grid of a discretized
     smooth surface fitted to large numbers of irregularly spaced elevation
     data points, contour line data and stream line data. The program imposes a
     global drainage condition which automatically removes sinks where
     possible.
     ASCII, Arc/Info and IDRISI formats are read directly. Output DEMs may be
     written as either as a lattice or x,y,z in both ASCII and
     Arc/Info-compatible formats.
     The program is written largely in FORTRAN 77 and is normally distributed
     in binary for SUN UNIX and DOS Windows platforms. Where these platforms
     are not supported, FORTRAN source code may be supplied to academic
     institutions.
     The cost of a single-site licence is AUS$1000 (US$750) or for academic
     institutions AUS$600 (US$450).
     Much more information is available from the Web via the URL
     http://cres.anu.edu.au/software/anudem.html
     or alternatively, contact the author:
     M.F. Hutchinson,                        Tel: 61-6-2494277
     Centre for Resource and                 FAX: 61-6-2490757
         Environmental Studies               Email: office@cres.anu.edu.au
     Australian National University
     Canberra ACT 0200
     AUSTRALIA
(G)  Richard Horne has developed a freeware program called 3DEM for Windows 95
     and Windows NT.  3DEM version 3.0 provides landscape visualization and
     flyby animations from USGS DEM files (including Arc/Info DEMs), Digital
     Chart of the World (DCW) files, NASA Mars Viking Orbiter Digital Terrain
     Model files, or any topographic data file which consists of a matrix of
     elevation data arranged by row and column.
     3DEM ray traced landscape images are produced with complete colour control
     including artificial illumination as well as colour scaling by elevation.
     3DEM will also produce red-blue 3D images for viewing with 3D glasses. 
     Animations can be created to give a realistic fly-through view of the
     chosen landscape.
     3DEM version 3.0 is available at the following locations:
        ftp://ftp.winsite.com/pub/pc/win95/desktop/3dem30.zip
        http://www.winsite.com/pc/win95/desktop/3dem30.zip
(H)  TruFlite is a 3D Landscape Rendering software which can read the different
     USGS DEM formats, gray-scale images (e.g. LANDSAT), and x,y,z delimited
     data.
     You can define either a point-to-point flight based on fixed X, Y, and Z
     coordinates, or you can click freely on points on your landscape or
     texture file to create a flight path.  Parameters for focal length, pitch,
     roll, dust, light, average height above ground, as well as Z-scale factor
     can be set and then TruFlite renders any number of result files, either in
     TGA or YUV Chroma format so that they can be encoded into MPEG, FLI or AVI
     "movies".  There are effectively no size limits.
     Additional options allow for conversion of the elevation file into a 
     colour texture file based on a user defined palette of colours.   SPOT,
     Orthophoto and other images can be textured mapped onto the 3D  surfaces. 
     Other features include surface interpolation, convolution,  rectification
     of images where a different projection has been used,  merging and
     resampling of images. 
     The program is available in both 16 and 32-bit versions, and requires  at
     least a 386 and 4MB of memory.
     Priced at:
     Single license: US $295    (US$195.00 educational)
     Site license:   US$1950.00 (unlimited use within a department)
     Martin D. Adamiker                     FAX: +43-6246-73042   
     Kapellenweg 14                         Email: martin.adamiker@siemens.at
     A-5082 Groedig                         WWW URL: http://www.truflite.com/
     AUSTRIA
Other software packages (in no particular order) which support a reasonable
level of terrain modelling functionality are listed below.  An email address or
URL to obtain further information is given where available.
     LaserScan Horizon (DEM and TVES components of LAMPS Mapping System)
               (email: postmaster@lsl.co.uk)
     Arc/Info TIN Module  (email: support@redlands.esri.com)
     GRASS
     ERDAS Imagine
     GeoVision Vision*DTM Module
     Golden Software's SURFER For Windows
               (email: info@golden.com  URL: http://www.golden.com/golden)
     Intergraph MicroStation/MGE
     MapExplorer (Converts USGS data)  (email: microinfo@micropath.com)
     Map Wizard for Windows  (email: microinfo@micropath.com)
     MOSS
     Panacea (Dr. M.J. McCulloch, University of Nottingham)
     PCI FLY and Ortho   (URL:  http://www.pci.on.ca/)
     VistaPro
There are many fewer packages which support true 3D functionality in a
GIS-related environment is:
     Dynamic Graphics IVM (Interactive Volume Modeller)
     Intergraph MGE Voxel Analyst
     Stratamodel Stratigraphic Geo-Cellular Modeling System
     MINESoft Techbase
Eric Miller keeps information regarding volume visualization packages
(including pointers to additional information, hardware platforms, etc.).
This can be found at URL http://www.oclc.org:5046/~emiller/misc/volvis.html.
It is usually difficult to get a connection to this server, and even if a
connection can be obtained, my experience is that, data transfer can be slow.
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT
-------------------
 (c) Bruce M. Gittings, 1996.
     Department of Geography, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
This document may be freely distributed by any means provided that it is
distributed in its entirety and that this copyright notice is retained.  No
other use is permitted without prior reference to the copyright holder.
Specifically, this information may not be incorporated in any publication,
document, report or manual which is sold or otherwise traded (whether for profit
or not) or included as part of a package or product which is so sold or traded.
DISCLAIMER
----------
The University of Edinburgh and I accept no responsibility for any errors in
this list, nor do we endorse any of the data sets or software listed above in
any way.
I have no further information beyond that listed above,  and am unable to help
in either obtaining further details or acquiring the data or software
themselves so please don't e-mail me requesting same!
##### End of Final Part of the Digital Elevation Catalogue (36584 bytes) #####
Return to Top
Subject: Re: continuing discussion of new groups
From: oseeler@mcn.org (Oliver Seeler)
Date: Sat, 31 Aug 1996 23:03:27 GMT
Richard Adams  wrote:
>Bernie Verreau wrote:
>>
[snip]
>> And the lawyers shall inherit the earth...
>> 
>> Bernie Verreau, bverreau@netcom.com, Redwood City, CA
>Bernie,
[blah, snip].
>Richard
>PS: Lawyers may have inherited the legislature
>    but that's a long way from having the whole
>    earth.
Perhaps Shakespeare had it right about lawyers, and perhaps by
extension wannabe lawyers  (see King Richard III).
A lawyerly thing to do at this point might be to see if the total Dick
verbiage here to date has exceeded the  Doctor T  ballast. Too bad all
of these pundits don't have to pay by the word.
O.S.
Return to Top
Subject: Re: Are *all* Texas lakes man made?
From: Mike Munsil <75561.1231@CompuServe.COM>
Date: 31 Aug 1996 23:29:35 GMT
First you have to define "lake".  There are a LOT of oxbow lakes 
in Texas, all (or most anyway) of which are natural.  Many are 
called "resacas".  Anyway, why should a manmade lake not be 
natural?  Are we not part of nature?  
-- 
Return to Top
Subject: Re: Creation VS Evolution
From: meron@cars3.uchicago.edu
Date: Sat, 31 Aug 1996 23:33:29 GMT
In article <3227d053.30299913@news.kth.se>, removed_to_avoid@mail.spammers (Mike Noreen) writes:
>Replying to Leonard Timmons  
>
>: > : Not really.  I can already guess the next question.  What is god?
>: > 
>: > To which I would respond: a god is a supernatural being,
>: > 'supernatural' defined as capable of violating the natural laws of the
>: > universe.
>: 
>: If the natural laws of the universe constitute a consistent set 
>: of rules, then there will always be laws that we do not know 
>: about (Gödel's theorem bastardized).
>
>So, basically, if there was a being which did something physically
>impossible (move faster than light or violate the second law of
>thermodynamics) we couldn't say "GOTCHA, GOD OLD BOY", because there
>may be undetected laws which permitted it, and so doing something
>physically impossible would be physically possible?
>
That's the point.
>Hmmm... Does this mean that there is no such thing as a supernatural
>being?
It means that you won't know one if you found it.  Now, as to the 
diffrence between the nonexistant and the unknowable, I'll leave it to 
the philosophers.
Mati Meron			| "When you argue with a fool,
meron@cars.uchicago.edu		|  chances are he is doing just the same"
Return to Top
Subject: Re: Creation VS Evolution
From: meron@cars3.uchicago.edu
Date: Sat, 31 Aug 1996 23:35:35 GMT
In article <3227b521.23337249@news.kth.se>, removed_to_avoid@mail.spammers (Mike Noreen) writes:
>Replying to meron@cars3.uchicago.edu 
>
>: In fact I would push it one step further and claim that no definition 
>: that can be used as "operational definition" in the sense mentioned 
>: above may exist since it would amount to having a rule allowing you to 
>: determine whether a given entity is capable ov violating any rule.  
>: There is a logical contradiction here.
>
>Wouldn't it be enough to show that the entity was capable of violating
>ONE of the rules? Or would the unknown rules compromise the rule
>tested?
>
Well, you answered it yourself.  You can never be sure whether you 
witness an actual violation or just an unknown rule.
Mati Meron			| "When you argue with a fool,
meron@cars.uchicago.edu		|  chances are he is doing just the same"
Return to Top
Subject: Re: glacier temperature profile
From: khenders@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu (Keith A Henderson)
Date: 1 Sep 1996 00:00:12 GMT
In article
<09960731072433.OUI58.100342.3513@compuserve.com>,
Horst Penschuck <100342.3513@compuserve.com> wrote:
>just a question of an inexperienced person in geology:
>
>Given a glacier of let me say 700 to 1000 meter thickness, what might be
>the temperature profile from top to bottom?
>
>Thanks for all answers
>Horst
There could be lots of answers...depending upon where the glacier is, and where
on the glacier you are.  Not only are there polar (cold) type glaciers and
temperate (warm) type glaciers, but there are also accumulation zones and
ablation zones, which will all have quite different absolute temperatures and
varying gradients as well.
That said, glaciers normally warm with depth, as geothermal heat from the
substrate below is released into the basal ice.  In fact, the pressure melting
point can be reached and glacier ice can be melted and trapped under the ice.
Lake Vostok under the Antarctic ice sheet is a prime example.  In other
locations (like the Eurasian Arctic), where climate has been warming following
the end of the Little Ice Age, sometimes the temperature profiles are negative
(cooling with depth) because of the recent increase in superimposed ice
(refrozen surface meltwater) which leaves a latent heat residual in the ice and
hence warmer temperatures.  The temperatures at deeper points in these
glaciers, though, turn around and become warmer again.  So climate change is
also a factor.
The seasonal variations of temperature only affect the temperatures of the
surface firn down to about 10-20 meters or so.  So this uppermost portion of
the temperature profile depends on when you're doing the measurements.
For more info, check out Chapter 10 of Paterson's 'The Physics of Glaciers."
-- 
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Keith Henderson-Byrd Polar Research Center (khenders@magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu)
"If you think you've got an answer for everything, you're part of the problem."
 (George Carlin)
Return to Top
Subject: PRAYER 31/8, Which of these mean more to you-- email, Net, or
From: Archimedes.Plutonium@dartmouth.edu (Archimedes Plutonium)
Date: 1 Sep 1996 01:53:45 GMT
To me science is number one and so of the three , email, Net, and Web,
it is the Net which is helping my science most of all. Thus of the
three, the Net is the most useful instrument to my doing new and
creative science.
Great new revolutionary science is never welcomed. It always receives
criticism and hatred. They killed Hypatia for believing in the Atomic
theory and Lucretius. I do not remember if Epicurus was also killed
over the Atomic theory.
When I first came to the Net in 12 August of 1993, there was the
namecalling which was as abundant and rich as it was the first day I
appeared on the Net.
Soon after 12 August 1993, I say about 2 weeks there began to appear
emailers to my box who would copy every one of my posts without
commenting or anything and sling it into my emailbox. These were easy
to spot and took but a second for me to trashcan them. That form of
anti-social behavior has gone on in my email box from August until last
friday when I reformed my emailbox.
  In addition to this slinging of my every posts to the Net back into
my emailbox was the offensive obscene email, and this form of behavior
has gone on uninterupted from 12AUG93 to 30AUG96. Again this required
but a few seconds of my time.
  Then there was the episode of a Canadian freak at a west coast
Canadian university who subscribed me to lists, but his shenanigans was
stopped once the authorities there were contacted.
  Then my emailbox was massively emailbombed from newsgroup
sci.bio.ethology. It was my first acquitance to a mail-gated newsgroup.
It could have been settled in a better fashion than what actually
transpired over there. Only after the push-comes-to-shove did I
understand that it was a mail-gated group.  This was my first
experience with a posse of emailbombers
  Stalking is another misconduct on the Net and email. I have had
experience with stalking on both email and Net.
  So then in 1996, and of all places -- out of sci.chem comes a brigand
of regulars bent on kicking me off of the Net at whatever cost. First
they stalk me, then they emailbomb and finally they add in forging my
name to subscription lists.
  I announce going on vacation and off the Net for all of August, you
would think that this sci.chem brigand would leave me alone, no, they
pester me right into the vacation, until I say enough and break my
pledge to stay off for August. I would open my emailbox and see 200
subscription list garbage. Of course it only takes a second to trash
can, but it interfers with you communicating with anyone and it
sometimes takes minutes to judge whether a message comes from a good
guy.
  So, my email box as of August 1996 had gotten to the point where it
was no longer of much use for my science and that the few useful
messages was not worth the time of the hate-mail. Hence I remodelled my
emailbox with an encryption code. It is now a private email box. 
  The price I have to pay for being a science revolutionary is that I
cannot have a normal emailbox. No filter can filter enough to keep the
hate mail out. So, I have lost some of my email capability, but no loss
or damage to Net or Web.
  It surprizes me that this recent attack comes from sci.chem because
that was a newsgroup that I had not posted any large percentage of my
posts to. Most of my posts were to my newsgroup then to sci.physics,
some to sci.math, but sci.chem was near the bottom of the list as to
relative percentage of posts. So an uprising from sci.chem is rather
surprizing. I sent more to sci.astro and misc.invest.stocks than I
posted to sci.chem.
 But to end this rather long sermon, when a science revolution is
started then the old guards of the old science attack the new. They
attack it strongly.  And in the case of sci.chem, those regulars are of
the old guard the old hat, the washed up old ideas. They want to
preserve themselves in sci.chem with their old ideas. They do not want
posts of a new thinking to come into sci.chem. Instead they want all
posts which look like this.
  sci.chem
   Hi, I am so ignorant of a covalent bond ..... please correct.
  Where any one of the old foggeys like Uncle Al, Evens, Bromage, Lucas
will come on to give their old ideas. They want perpetual pats on their
backs. But we all know that a Uncle Al, or Evens, or Bromage, or Lucas
will ever give any new science or try to break new ground. And see we
understand why they would spend so much of their time in envy and
attack of me who sees the Net newsgroups as a facilitation a  workbench
or springboard of creating new and brand new ideas.
  I will continue to sermonize the Vietmath war in sci.math but will
wait until the students are back in college for full attention. And I
will resume Prayers in sci.chem for these hotheads need that more than
any of their old book knowledge.
Return to Top
Subject: Re: Utter Futility of Arguing With Creationists
From: tomitire@vegas.infi.net (Viejo)
Date: Sun, 01 Sep 1996 01:11:50 GMT
On Sat, 31 Aug 1996 18:11:46 GMT, bashford@psnw.com (Douglas Bashford)
wrote:
>
>I notice this is posted to:
>alt.atheism,talk.atheism,talk.origins,sci.skeptic,sci.misc,
>alt.philosophy.objectivism,sci.philosophy.meta,talk.philosophy.humanism,
>talk.philosophy.misc,alt.catastrophism,alt.sci.physics.new-theories,
>sci.physics,sci.astro,sci.geo.geology
>
>You guys wouldn't exagerate a bit, would you? 
>So?
>Re: Utter Futility of Arguing With Creationists
>
>This entire creationism v. science science debate is
>logically invalid.  Why?  This little thing known as
>evidence-as-proof.  Apples and oranges.  The whole
>discussusion. Not philosophically valid.
>
>Why?  Your so called "debate" is not carried on in the
>halls of science, religion, nor philosophy.  What do they
>know that you guys don't? 
>
>Do you remember this:   
>
>
>>zoner@indirect.com wrote:
>>:  geo@3-cities.com writes:
>>: >From: geo@3-cities.com
>>: >Subject: Re: PROOF OF GREAT FLOOD: Early man predicts ice age (bible: Gen 7:1...) ???
>>: >Date: Wed, 10 Jul 1996 14:34:14 GMT
>
>>: >zoner@indirect.com wrote:
>>: >>Time, that not you or anyone actually knows happened!  You didn't witness 
>>: >>anything!  If you did, send me the video.
>
>>: I have the Bible, written by God, who WAS there, what do YOU have?  A bunch of 
>>: nonsensical theories about how life formed, not proof at all.
>
>>You know, Zoner, you're getting more and more laughable. I know you're 
>>getting my posts, because you're responding to posts going to exactly the
>
>
>>. You also ignore anything that 
>>actually asks you to provide even semi-reasoned responses to questions
>
>>2) How many times do I have to repeat this: Simply saying, "The bible says
>>so." is not supporting evidence, especially for providing support for your
>>literal creationist view. As was shown in a previous post, (and I've 
>>mentioned a couple times) the Pope, head person of the entire Roman Catholic
>
>>3) This is probably the 5th or 6th time I've seen you claim "no proof at
>>all" for evolution since I first posted for you a list of items of
>>observational evidence,
>
>etc, etc....sorry I didn't read the entire post...
>
>This matter of evidence.  
>
>If Zoner happens to belong to the non-scientific, non-Biblical
>Creation Science Cult, then all your points are valid.  However,
>if he claims only Christianity as evidence, your arguments are
>scientifically and logically invalid.
>
>As reference, I suggest you look up the three unprovable assumptions
>in the philosophy of science. This philosophy is the Western
>communication's default philosophy, the foundations that our thinking
>is built upon. Stuff related to cogito ergo cogito sum, the very
>basics; these three unprovable assumptions.
>
>I think you will find that evaluating one philosophy using a different
>philosophy (with an entire different set of evidence-as-proof) is
>logically, philosophically, and scientifically invalid. 
>
>For example, science could never say: "God did not create the
>universe."  Nor "That painting is not art."  These questions are
>clearly and utterly outside of the philosophy of science. 
>
>So: 
>>Simply saying, "The bible says
>>so." is not supporting evidence, especially for providing support for your
>>literal creationist view."
>
>In fact within Zoner's philosophy it may very well be evidence.  If
>so,  you will utterly lose if you attempt to prove that your
>philosophy is more valid than his. 
>
>In part, this is also because your three unprovable assumptions are
>equally as unprovable as his Bible-as-evidence assumptions. 
>
>Normally we need not preface each statement with; "According to
>the philosophy of science..."  However, in the context of comparing
>different philosophies this had better be made explicit.
>
>I don't think science can touch:
>>: I have the Bible, written by God, who WAS there,
>
>blah blah.  Science can't touch that.  Nor can creationism
>touch science.  Apples and oranges.  They are BOTH invalid
>investigating the other.
>
>Why?  Each of those philosophies has a separate system of
>system of evidence-as-proof, and it it likely niether will
>EVER provide logical evidence that one superior to the other.    
>
>--Doug 
>
>
Very well put.  But this is and will not be the case.  There is
the venue of the legislature and court to consider.
We are getting too many divisions philosophically, religion,
nonreligion, overall culture, language, it will probably end
in an actual, physical separation.  Probably by war.  Such
differences are usally settled in this manner.
It is happening now throughout Bosnia, Chechnya, Israel, Iraq,
Muslims/Jews, Muslims/Russians, Muslims/Croats/Serbs.
And all of them against us as we march proudly into the 21st
Century at the head of the UN Vanguard!
Return to Top
Subject: Re: Gold Bearing Quartz Veins in Clay?
From: Lars.Magnusson@abc.se (Lars Magnusson)
Date: Sat, 31 Aug 1996 11:19:11 GMT
"Gregg Shadel"  wrote:
>I recently visited the Cotton Patch Gold Mine in New London, North
>Carolina. They are open pit mining in a red clay soil for gold. (An area
.......
>happen? Is this explanation correct? Is this the usual pattern for alluvial
>mineral deposits? Is the quartz vein a hydrothermal deposit or is it slowly
>solidified magma. Perhaps there are some good amateur geology books out
>there that would make things clearer?
Can't give you any answers, but if you looks for a text concerning the
Coromandel gold excavations on North Island of New Zealand, you might
find answers, since the area around the town Thames have a similar but
yellow clayish rock surface. In Thames it is question about volcanic
origin, about 10-50 M years old that has gone through extensive
chemical weathering. The veins apparently was hydrothermals associated
with the vulcanic events.
Lars M
Return to Top
Subject: Re: Gold Bearing Quartz Veins in Clay?
From: Lars.Magnusson@abc.se (Lars Magnusson)
Date: Sat, 31 Aug 1996 11:19:11 GMT
"Gregg Shadel"  wrote:
>I recently visited the Cotton Patch Gold Mine in New London, North
>Carolina. They are open pit mining in a red clay soil for gold. (An area
.......
>happen? Is this explanation correct? Is this the usual pattern for alluvial
>mineral deposits? Is the quartz vein a hydrothermal deposit or is it slowly
>solidified magma. Perhaps there are some good amateur geology books out
>there that would make things clearer?
Can't give you any answers, but if you looks for a text concerning the
Coromandel gold excavations on North Island of New Zealand, you might
find answers, since the area around the town Thames have a similar but
yellow clayish rock surface. In Thames it is question about volcanic
origin, about 10-50 M years old that has gone through extensive
chemical weathering. The veins apparently was hydrothermals associated
with the vulcanic events.
Lars M
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Subject: Re: Creation VS Evolution
From: yvond@microtec.net (Yvon Decelles)
Date: Sat, 31 Aug 1996 23:04:34 GMT
Where   : alt.religion.christian.
Date      : Sat, 31 Aug 1996 21:14:59 -0700
From      : Daniel & Denisa Tan  
<< Follow-up sent in newsgroup as well as Email
<< Please reply in newsgroup as well so everyone can participate
>Let us just try to doing something even closer to finding proof of 
>evolution. Suppose we take a frog and put it in a blending machine. 
>What's blended will have all the necessary ingredients of life, correct? 
>Now, submit this blended frog through lightning or whatsoever to bring 
>life as evolutionists claims. What do we have? Do we expect the frog to 
>crawl out of the container? 
Your analogy is faulty, evolution states that life gradualy evolves
from simple to more complex life form it certainly doesn't state that
compex life form will spontaneously appear out of simple individual
cells
If you insist on your example then think on this: If you "blend" the
frog, you're actualy reducing-it to a simple stage of existence
(individual cells) and if as you suggest we give-them condition
favoring their continued existence many of these cells would indeed
continue thriving and eventualy "reproduce". Given time (give or take
of few millions year) you could potentialy end-up with another complex
life form. I say potentialy because there's nothing definite here, it
all depends on mutation and their viability.
>So where does the evolution theory stands now?
Same place as before, just fine.
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