Newsgroup sci.geo.geology 33011

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In article <50i2gt$num@speed2.speed.net>, Jim Bone  wrote:
>Why can't there be two (or more) impacts?
If there had been an earlier major impact in the Indian Ocean,
there's a good chance there would be a distinct population of
tektites (if these are produced by an oceanic impact) or other
ejecta in latest Tertiary oceanic sediments.  Has anyone looked
for them?
--
    Chuck Karish          karish@mindcraft.com
    (415) 323-9000 x117   karish@pangea.stanford.edu

Joseph Zorzin  wrote:
[...]
°°°>> >valleys would even be discernable. Since the planet has
°°°>> >frequent massive dust storms, I would think the valleys
°°°>> >would have long ago been filled in or the valley walls
°°°>> >eroded down. Those dust storms must have a tremendous
°°°>> >erosive power.
°°°>> 
°°°>> And over time that would have erased the evidence of
catastrophic
°°°>> flooding here in Eastern Washington.
°°°>> 
°°°>> But here it is!
°°°>> 
°°°>> Geo
°°°>> 
°°°>> "I realized I had misread it after I sent the reply."
°°°>>                                - Zoner
°°°>I'm not sure what your point was. I'm not a geologist, so I was
just 
°°°>making an uniformed opinion hoping someone would correct me. But 
°°°>regarding the catastropic flooding in Eastern Washington, that
didn't 
°°°>happen very long ago- geologically; but the former wet period on
Mars I 
°°°>understand was many millions of years ago. I'm just surprised that
after 
°°°>that much time there would be any sign of water erosion visible
and not 
°°°>buried under all that dust.
You know there is still water on Mars? Although it's ice. One polar
cap is made of CO2-ice the other is made of H2O-ice. 
--
 With regards
 DWilkens@sprynet.com
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ALL LIVING THINGS ON EARTH ARE IN TRANSITION.
Regards,
Arne
flonesaw@netonecom.net
richhall@seanet.com (Richard F. Hall) wrote:
>In article  Fred Edwords  writes:
>>> > 
>>> >         My favorite current transitional life forms are the various
>>> > species of penguins.
>>My choice would be the hippo, an animal which occupies the same ecological
>>niche that the land-mammal ancestor of modern whales once did.  The hippo
>>spends most of its life in the water, gives birth in the water, yet 
>>grazes on land, eating grass.  It's nickname of "sea cow" is most 
>>appropriate, given the common creationist charicature of cetacian 
>>evolution.  But will the hippo evolve into a completely aquatic or marine
>>mammal as did the ancestor of the whales and dolphins?  I dunno.  Do I 
>>look like a wizard with a crystal ball?
>My choice would be the human being who has attained the ability to read in 
>only the last 1,000-4,500 years.  Although this is a very small portion of the 
>brain, it appears to be extremely important in the propogation of the species.
>richard f hall
>http://seanet.com/~realistic/idealism.html

schumach@convex.com (Richard A. Schumacher) wrote:
>>>> > : In all seriousness can anybody identify a current complex life form in a
>>>> > : transitional state. I would think that we have many examples of this
>>>> > : phenomenon in our midst out of the tens of million different species on our
>>>> > : planet. Please do not cite single celled life forms since there is no
>>>> > : question that these mutate to adapt to their surroundings. I am looking for
>>>> > : something like monkeys with feathers, dogs with scales, birds that spin
>>>> > : webs and have eight legs, ...etc.
>
>Any species which is not in perfect equilibrium with its
>environment is probably evolving. Since most environments are
>not static, most species are feeling some degree of evolutionary
>pressure. Even if the non-living components of an environment 
>are static, the ecosystem (the living components) is almost
>always not static ("arms races" between predators and prey,
>sexual selection, etc.). Therefore most species, as we see them 
>now, are transitional forms, since their descendants' norms will
>not be identical to the existing norms. (If they have descendants, 
>that is: species which don't happen to keep up with the changes 
>in their environment, such as those due to global warming, will 
>become extinct.)
>
>As examples of species which have apparently been nearly static,
>I'd pick great white sharks and horseshoe crabs. Their gross 
>anatomies have not changed in 100 million years or more. But 
>they may be feeling pressures now, and their biochemistries 
>(evidence of which rarely fossilized) may have evolved 
>significantly.
>
>
I think that Mr. Schumacher is right about his assessment of presently 
evolving organisms, but the question was really asking for obvious and 
big examples, the kind the layman can really "sink his teeth into" (for 
some reason, big furry mammals are often popular...or birds...that is, 
"monkeys with scales, dogs with feathers, or birds with 8 legs...").  
would the human appendix be a good example?  if it weren't for modern 
technology saving everyone with appendicitis, it might very well kill off 
everyone with appendices.  (for this to be a good example of evolution in 
process, rather than an example of a really poorly adapted characteristic 
causing a species to die off, some people presumably would have to be 
born without an appendix.  does this occur?  anyone?)  so if you didn't 
have an appendix, you'd be that more likely to survive to pass on your 
appendix-free genes.  One can easily see that the human appendix, as it 
now stands, is only useful for potentially killing us off (not EVEN going 
to try to jump into THAT argument...).
as far as cute furry mammal examples, what about the flying squirrel?  
are they truly optimized to their environment?  perhaps they're well on 
the way to developing some sort of wing.  or at least _more_ of a flying 
membrane.  do those with MORE of a flying membrane fare better?  but 
then, i'm not a flying squirrel-ologist.  perhaps they're doing just 
fine.
-- 
julie beth wood
Now conveniently located in Austin!

ic  wrote:
°°°>I saw a tv prog recently that made mention of a land bridge
between the 
°°°>America's and European continent about 50 MYBP: is this true and
where 
°°°>exactly did the continents join? Also how long did the remain so?
Do 
°°°>scientists think this is how many mammals entered the americas?
°°°>thanks
°°°>icy
Yes, true. Look for Wegener's plate tectonics in geology. Once there
has been only one super-continent called pangaea. It existed twice in
a similar form. 
Interesting thing. 
Dietmar, Dipl.-Geologist (Europe)
--
 With regards
 DWilkens@sprynet.com
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available even in Germany ....
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Matt Austern  wrote in article
...
> Terran@pwshift.com (Terran) writes:
> 
> > >What do you think is the difference between a theory and a fact?
> > 
> > >This isn't a rhetorical question: it's quite fundamental to
> > >epistemology, and reasonable people can and do disagree about
> > >the answer.
> > 
> > The term 'lesser minds' was unfortunate and unnecessarily provocative.
> > I understand your taking umbrage and I take your point.  As to the
> > difference between theory and fact?  My understanding was it was
> > proof.
> 
> Well, that's one way to define the difference; it's a rather
> unconventional way to define it, but that's OK.  The big problem,
> though is that it begs the question of just what "proof" means.
> 
> Given this definition, for example, I can't tell whether the following
> statements are facts, theories, both, or neither:
> 
> 	If c is the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle
> 	and a and b are the lengths of the other two sides, then
> 	c^2 = a^2 + b^2.
> 
	The truth is in the name - The Pythagorean (sp?) THEOREM. 
	While widely accepted and used, it is both an interpretation and a
definition.
> 	Earth is (approximately) 150 million kilometers from the Sun.
> 
	This has been measured (indirectly). While I COULD quibble, I think it is
okay.
> 	Jupiter is the most massive planet in the Solar System.
> 
	Again, a measurement. But if you look at it from a very cynical view, all
measurements are open to 	interpretation and thus are probably theories.
> 	The chemical formula of table salt is NaCl.
	I think this would be more of a definition.
> 
> 	There is one stable isotope of carbon, and a nucleus of that
> 	isotope consists of 6 protons and 6 neutrons.
> 
	This would qualify as a definition as well, albeit based on other
definitions which in truth are 	based on a theoretical understanding of
matter.
> 	The kinetic energy of a particle whose mass is m and whose 
> 	speed is v is m c^2 (1 / sqrt(1 - v^2 / c^2) - 1).
> 
	This would be theory- a very good one IMHO, but still theory.
> 	The energy of an electrostatic field is proportional to
> 	the integral of |E|^2, where E(x) is the electric field
> 	at point x.
> 
	Another theory. Widely accepted and frequently observed but the precise
relation and 	interpretations are based on the interpretation of
experimental evidence.
> 	The majority of United States citizens can speak English.
> 
	Hmmm...that is probably still a theory-unless you are able to talk
to/count every person and their 	native language abilities.
> 	Richard Nixon is dead.
> 
	Oliver Stone might disagree.....;)
> 	Bill Gates has a lot of money.
> 
	Can't deny this one....
> 	The French lost the Battle of Waterloo.
> 
	That COULD be an interpretation (or possible even an opinion) albeit
widely held.
> 	The Romans won the Third Punic War.
> 
	See above.
> 	The first people in North America arrived here somewhere between
> 	10 and 20 thousand years ago.
> 			
> 
	Definitely theory. Especially since fundamentalist Christian doctrine
dates the World at 	approximately 3000 years as opposed the Geological
value of 4.6 Billion years (quite a 	spread). 
As you can see, my idea of a FACT is very narrow. I really can't come up
with anything that I could tell you without any chance of the truth being
somewhat (even slightly) different. 
To me a fact is a statement that is beyond question.  
This narrows down the possibilities greatly.
My interpretation of the a theory is a tentative explanation of a
phenomenon that tries to explain the observations. A theory  stands a
potential explanation until it is proven incorrect by subsequent and more
strenuous examination.
For example: On a macroscopic scale, Newtonian Physics is a workable set of
theories. On the Quantum scale, this breaks down and things start getting
incredibly odd.
Or, perhaps a more relevant example would be the (somewhat ongoing)
uniformatarianism/catastrophicism debate. geologists went back and forth
for years and then Gould proposed the notion of Punctuated equilibrium
(which I THINK is the current Paradigm).
Both of the former theories fit some data but not all. In combining the two
and saying that there are long periods of relative geologic boredom but
that within those ages, short catastrophic events occur causing large
change while the earth as a system (yes I am flirting abit with Gaiaism
here..) returns to a more steady state.
E-

Anthony Potts  wrote:
>On Mon, 2 Sep 1996, Johnny Marr wrote:
>> Terran wrote:
>> 
>> > Anyone who thinks arguing with creationists is tiring, try arguing
>> > with evolutionists.  A religion is a religion is a religion...
The big difference between the two is that evolution as taught as the
THEORY of eveolution.  Creationists teach the Garden of Eden as a fact
which needs no verification beyond faith.  I do not believe in Creation and
I concede only that Evolution MIGHT have happened.  But it is by no means a
religion to me.
Alric Knebel
alric@datasync.com

> Survey: snip and mail to:
>  Richard Adams 
> ----------------------------------------------------
> 
 Yes I think the group would benefit from
>        self controlled moderation by group vote.
>

Chuck Karish wrote:
> 
> In article <322C8538.3A13@oro.net>, Richard Adams   wrote:
> >Chuck Karish wrote:
> >> And turn the newsgroup into a discussion forum on the topic
> >> of who should be excluded from the forum.
> >
> >Actually yes, the group has the right to discuss
> >when necessary the topics that should be excluded
> >and enforce their charter.  These discussions are
> >now taking place and will get worse as the cross posted
> >off topic stuff gets more frequent.
> 
> Imminent death of the Net predicted.  Details at 11.
> 
> >Right now, the
> >group has no facility to enforce their charter.
> >The ability to enforce the charter is the benefit
> >of what I'm proposing.
> >
> >In practice, the discussion forum you refer to would
> >occur less often than it does now once the group had
> >the facilty to keep off topic junk out, wouldn't it?
> 
> I don't see why.  There'd be a discussion period of several
> weeks for every change, like it or not; net propagation delays
> make it difficult to shorten this.  The type of discussion you
> envision is sure to be a magnet for flames and personal
> attacks.
> 
> The proposal also has the technical deficiency that people who
> have previously been excluded have no way to participate
> in the discussion that relates to their being reinstated.
> This can't be avoided without adding more bureaucratic
> features to the administration scheme.
> 
> This whole selection process is something that's more
> appropriate on an individual level than for the group
> as a whole.  Suggestion:  make a kill file available
> for those who want to use it.  You can do others a service
> by keeping it updated.
There are obvious crossposts to this group which
wouldn't require much discussion for removal.  A
flagrant violator could be likewise easily discharged
without much noise.
Borderline cases would either shape up or be shipped
out.  Yes you are right about there being some need
to discuss this, but it keeps the group involved in
the decision making process.  Having some form of
control in place promotes self control, which is
the ideal mechanism.  Flame wars that occur are
inevitable and already occur.  Were only talking
about excluding the most notorious people, not the
average flame thrower.
Once discharged, the affected could still communicate
via e-mail to post their pleas to sympathetic members.
Although they can't post themselves, their case can
still be made.
All of this would be impacted by whatever rules were
adopted.  If the rules said someone was excluded for
a certain period of time unconditionally, for example
6 months there'd be no way back in until then unless
they went the RFD / CFV route.  This is the simpliest
case which is probaby the best.  A more complicated
case would be to allow another vote to re-admit them.
All of this probably wouldn't be necessary since
most people would just comply, and those that
couldn't even after a discussion and warning probably
could never comply and don't belong here.  This is
just my opinion and what really matters is what
all the group members feel is most workable.
Its a good point that killfiles could be used, but
they are not universally available for all news
readers, and present another layer of difficulty
for newcomers.  Anyone who was dropping by at
s.g.g. would just see that more than 50% of the
stuff was the same off topic discussion which is
permeating the most of the net.
Richard

L. Joseph Bachman wrote:
> 
> I'd like to order some nautical charts and topo maps of verious Canadian
> territories.  I tried looking up the website for the topo maps, but it
> wasn't optimized for my Web Browser, and looked like gibberish. and nobody
> answers the toll-free ordering number after work hours.  (and during work
> hours I'm supposed to be working myself, no?)
> 
> Could someone provide me with an e-mail or snail-mail address for the
> agencies who publish these.  Are there seperate agencies that publish the
> nautical charts, as opposed to the topo maps?  Thanks for any help in how
> to get catalogs and then order.
> 
> Joe
> jbachman@access.digex.net
I have an old (1991) GEBCO catalogue which contains the following address:
The maps I have ordered are Bathymetric maps of the world oceans - including
some of Canadian waters in more detail.
Hydrographic Chart Distribution Office
Department of Fisheries and Oceans
1675 Russel Road PO Box 8080
Ottawa Ontario Canada K1G3H6
tel: 613-998-4931
fax: 613-998-1217
-- 
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Keith Alverson
Physics Department
University of Toronto                                  Tel:(416)946-3019
60 St. George                                          Fax:(416)978-8905 
Toronto, Ontario                 email:kalver@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca
Canada   M5S 1A7     http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/people/kalver
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rockware has some interesting stuff.  I once reviewed their "Time
Machine Earth" and recommended it for school use.  The program deals
with plate tectonics and shows where the continents were at different
times -- you plug in a time and it draws a map.  My review was 2-3 years
ago and, at the time, it was a DOS program and the graphics were a
little cheesy, but it worked as advertised.  Seems like the price was
around $50 then.
I don't have Rockware's address, but they advertise in "Earth Magazine"
and probably other mags.
Julian Fitzherbert wrote:
> 
> In article <506tc3$nt5@coranto.ucs.mun.ca>, dmurphy1@calvin.stemnet.nf.ca (Dan Murphy) writes:
> >I will be teaching Geology this term ( high School ) and would like to
> >intergrate computers into the course. Any suggestions for software that
> >might be available on the net? Does Gemcom have a demo package available?
> >Thanks
> 
> Try the shareware site    http://www.wit.com
> 
> Also Rockware             http://www.bart.nl/~rockware
-- 
*===================================================================*
 David Henderson, Ft. Worth, TX, USA     email:  davidh2@airmail.net
		  Dyslexics of the world, untie!
*===================================================================*
By sending unsolicited commercial e-mail to this address, the sender 
is requesting a bid for proofreading services.  The cost is $100 per 
5000 bytes.  The first email will be the RFQ; the second will be a 
contract, as defined by the laws of the State of Texas.  Terms and 
conditions will accompany the RFQ response.
*===================================================================*

In article , mj leblanc
 writes
>In article , Kennedy
> wrote:
>
>>>telephone,
>>Alexander Graham Bell : Scotland
>
>Boston, actually.  He'd moved to the US by then.
And this stopped him from being Scottish?
That's a neat interpretation of 'wherever I lay my hat . . .' ;=)
_______________________________________________________
Kennedy
Yes, Socrates himself is particularly missed;
A lovely little thinker, but a bugger when he's pissed.
Python Philosophers

In article <322C6EA8.5791@mindspring.com>, Richard Mentock
 writes
>In article , Kennedy
> wrote:
>> 
>> >transistors,
>> William Bradford Shockley : England.
>> John Bardeen : US
>> Walter Brattain : China
>
>Hey.  What the hell kind of name is Brattain?
>
>What are you guys arguing about?  Are you sure?
>
Yep, he was born in Xiamen, China, Feb. 10, 1902.
_______________________________________________________
Kennedy
Yes, Socrates himself is particularly missed;
A lovely little thinker, but a bugger when he's pissed.
Python Philosophers

In article <1996Sep3.210957.13270@lafn.org>,
Brian Hutchings  wrote:
>
>In a previous article, karish@gondwana.Stanford.EDU (Chuck Karish) says:
... nothing on either of the topics presented here.
>was that correct, the statement that the ocean was *REgressing*
>(sea-level getting lower) during the creation of the Deccan Traps?...
>what would cause that?
>	do you think that the incessant trampling of the big dinos'd
>pulverize most remains of the smaller ones (not eaten), or
>is that a normal sort of paleontological loss?
>
>-- 
>There is no dimension without time.  --RBF (Synergetics, 527.01)
>(Brian Hutchings -- ba137@lafn.org)
>
--
    Chuck Karish          karish@mindcraft.com
    (415) 323-9000 x117   karish@pangea.stanford.edu

L. Joseph Bachman wrote:
> 
> I'd like to order some nautical charts and topo maps of verious Canadian
> territories.  I tried looking up the website for the topo maps, but it
> wasn't optimized for my Web Browser, and looked like gibberish. and nobody
> answers the toll-free ordering number after work hours.  (and during work
> hours I'm supposed to be working myself, no?)
> 
> Could someone provide me with an e-mail or snail-mail address for the
> agencies who publish these.  Are there seperate agencies that publish the
> nautical charts, as opposed to the topo maps?  Thanks for any help in how
> to get catalogs and then order.
> 
> Joe
> jbachman@access.digex.net
Easiest thing to do would be to download a free version of a browser
that would be compatible. Unless for some streange reason this map site
does not support netscape of msia
I would think that there would be a separate agency for the marine
charts but can't be sure. It has been ahile since I logged on the top
map site and can't even remember where it is but I believe there will be
a nominal charge for any maps , charts they might issue. 
You might try "Canadian Gov't Dept of Natural Resources
Hopes this helps a bit anyway

tomitire@vegas.infi.net wrote:

>Takes design, intelligent design.
And the designer "takes design, intelligent design."
Bernie

In article , Kennedy  writes:
>In article <322C6EA8.5791@mindspring.com>, Richard Mentock
> writes
>>In article , Kennedy
>> wrote:
>>> 
>>> >transistors,
>>> William Bradford Shockley : England.
>>> John Bardeen : US
>>> Walter Brattain : China
>>
>>Hey.  What the hell kind of name is Brattain?
>>
>>What are you guys arguing about?  Are you sure?
>>
>Yep, he was born in Xiamen, China, Feb. 10, 1902.
This really brings up the issue of "how do we define the nationality 
of a person?".  Is it where he/she was born?  Or maybe educated?  Is 
it the nationality of the parents that matters?  Current place of 
residence?  Maybe permanent place of residence (though, how do you 
distinguish current from permanent)?
Just for the fun, assume that Mr. X. Y. was born of a French father 
and Chinese mother, aboard a Norvegian cruise ship which at the time 
of his birth anchored in Australia.  Subsequently Mr. X attended 
elementary school in Canada, high school in Britain and studied in 
Switzerland and got his PhD from an Italian University.  while 
studying in Italy he bought a house there but currently he's staying 
in California.  So, what's his nationality and, in case he happens to 
make an earth shattering discovery, who deserves the credit?
The only answer that make sense for me is that credit is personal, not 
national and the business of "we share in the glory of our 
distinguished countryman" is just so much childishness.  If we accept 
this, we don't even have to bother to ask about nationality.
Mati Meron			| "When you argue with a fool,
meron@cars.uchicago.edu		|  chances are he is doing just the same"

Archive-name: geology-faq/geosci-resources/part2
Posting-frequency: monthly
Last-modified: 1996/08/29
Using The Web for Earth Sciences Information on the Internet
Part 2: Software and Software Sites
This file was last updated on 29th August, 1996.
This faq is posted to the following news groups:
sci.geo.geology
sci.geo.hydrology
sci.geo.oceanography
comp.infosystems.gis
You can obtain the most recent version of this faq from:
i)  the sci.answers, comp.answers or news.answers news group.
ii) send mail to: mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with the following line
    in the body of the message -
    send usenet/news.answers/geology-faq/geosci-resources/part2
iii) by anonymous ftp to:
     rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/geology-faq/geosci-resources/part2
I also keep two web pages, which are basically the same as the info on the
faq, but with more info. Try:
The Virtual Earth: http://atlas.es.mq.edu.au/users/pingram/v_earth.htm
The Soft Earth:    http://atlas.es.mq.edu.au/users/pingram/s_earth.htm
This faq is not to be used for commercial gain.
Phillip Ingram
pingram@laurel.ocs.mq.edu.au
http://atlas.es.mq.edu.au/users/pingram/pingram.html
=====================================================================
This is part 2 of a 2 part FAQ on using the Web to obtain geosciences
information on the Internet. This part deals with software and related
data which would be of interest to geosciences.
The chances are, if you use this faq, you will be transferring software
from one computer to another for the purpose of running the software.
Many of these programs will have been compressed and/or encoded by one or more
of several techniques for storage and transfer purposes. The method
of compression/encoding is indicated by the file extension - the (usually)
three characters after the "." in the file name. The most common compression/
encoding schemes are:
.zip - pkzip is a dos standard compressor/archiver. Also on unix.
.lzh - pc compression from lha archiver
.zoo - zoo.exe is a compressor/archiver
.Z   - unix compression program
.tar - unix tape archive.
.hqx - binhex, binary to 8 bit ascii encoded, predominantly for the Mac,
       but pc versions do exist. Needs binhex4
.sea - self extracting archive for the Macintosh
.sit - stuffit compression for the Macintosh, found in binhex4.
.gz  - gzip is a Unix compression, pc versions as well.
.exe - self extracting archive, can be created from pkzip and lha.
.uue - unix to unix 7 bit encoding, Dos versions exist
Most of these are available from popular ftp sites such as Sumex-aim,
oak.oakland etc. For a listing of common file formats, and links to relevant
software, connect to the Common File Formats page (see below).
http://www.matisse.net/files/formats.html
A word of warning for Mac users, Mac binary files are stored differently
on a Unix machine than on a Mac (and Dos, VMS etc). Downloading a Mac
binary file (.bin, .sit etc) to a unix box which has not been encoded will
result in an unusable file. It is something to do with Unix zero filling
some of the unused bits in the Mac binary word.
0. CONTENTS
-----------
0.1 General Software Sites and Registers
0.2 Geology
  0.2.1 General Geology, Mining, Exploration
  0.2.2 Mineralogy/Petrology
  0.2.3 Structural Geology
  0.2.4 Marine Geology
  0.2.5 Hydrology
  0.2.6 Sedimentary Geology
0.3 Geophysics
0.4 Oceanography
0.5 Mathematical/Statistics/Geostatistics
0.6 GIS and Mapping
  0.6.1 General GIS/Mapping and Image Analysis
  0.6.2 Cartographic Conversions and Transformations
  0.6.3 Arc/Info AML Code
  0.6.4 Digital Elevation Models (DEMs)
  0.6.5 Specialised GIS/Mapping/Imaging Techniques
0.7 Map Data
0.8 Graphing/Plotting
0.9 Ray Tracing
0.10 Commercial Developers
Alterations in July, 1996
-------------------------
- Added GridStat site
- added site to Unix version of GeoEAS
- added the online documentation for the unix version of GeoEas
- added Geostatistical Software for the PC
- added the Spatial Data Transfer Standards Information Site
- modified ImgStar page
- added the Uncert page
- added the Uncert Users Guide Page
- added R. Winston's ModFlow Resources Page.
Alterations in August, 1996
---------------------------
- added the All in One Search Page for Software by W. Cross
- added GISNet's BBS MapInfo Support Page with related shareware
- added ViewLog Systems page
- added Applied Global Technologies page
- added Phil Morgan's SeaWater toolkit for MatLab
- added Y. Song's TerrainMap terrain modelling software.
- added the WRCS Hydrology and Hydraulics Software page
- added Intermountain Digital Imaging page for QuadConvert.
- modified url for Kovach Computing
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. GENERAL SOFTWARE SITES
-------------------------
This section includes sites that have an assortment of software of
interest to geoscientists, and sites with hotlists to other sites.
i) http://www.shareware.com
Shareware.com has a searchable database which indexes over 190,000
software files around the Internet. Included are freeware, demos,
shareware, patches, fixes and upgrades. It was the Virtual Software Library.
ii) http://www.acs.oakland.edu/oak.html
The Oakland Software Repository has a large collection of MSDos,
Windows, Macintosh and Unix shareware utility and specific software.
  --  http://www.acs.oakland.edu/cgi-bin/vsl-front
      Oakland's mirror of The Virtual Software Library front desk
      to search the OAK repository and other popular archive sites.
iii) http://town.hall.org/Harvest/brokers/pcindex/query.html
Harvest PC Software Broker, search the descriptors of over 34,000 PC software
distributions from 6 major public archives.
iv) http://www.gdb.org/DAN/softsearch/graph-links.html
Archives of Graphics Software and Databases is a hot-list of graphical
software sites maintained by Dan Jacobson at John Hopkins University,
BioInformatics server. The connection can be erratic, and you may need
to come in from the home page: http://www.gdb.org
   -- http://www.gdb.org/DAN/softsearch/softsearch.html
   You can also search various archives.
v) http://coyote.csusm.edu/cwis/winworld/winworld.html
The Windows Shareware Archive by the CSUSM Technical Services is a great
site for general Windows applications. Take a browse, there are some
software of interest for Geosciences.
vi) http://posc.org/
Petrotechnical Open software Corporation is a supplier of standard interfaces
for technical exploration and production software for the Petroleum industry.
It operates as a Not For Profit membership organisation. This site
has information.
vii) http://www.albany.net/~wcross/all1srch.html#Software
The All In One Search Engine by William Cross has lists many search
engines for various catagories. This connection is for software.
viii) http://pubweb.nexor.co.uk/archie.html
ArchiePlex is an Archie Gateway to the World Wide Web. It can be used
to locate files on anonymous ftp sites around the world. This link gives
the most upto date list of ArchiePlex servers. There are forms based services
and those without forms.
ix) http://www.matisse.net/files/formats.html
The Common Internet File Formats lists the common file formats for
Macs and MS-Windows. Includes links to: 
  - http://ac.dal.ca/~dong/contents.html
  Allison Zhang's Multi media File Formats on the Internet (pc bias)
  - http://www.mps.org/~ebennett/
  Eric Bennett's Cross Platform Page
x) http://www.tucows.com/
The tucows server and its mirrors have Winsock utilities and other
application software for Windows, W4W and Win95.
xi) http://www.albany.net/allinone/all1soft.html#Software
The Software search engines listed in W. Cross' All In One Search Page.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. GEOLOGY
----------
2.1 General Geology/Mining/Exploration
--------------------------------------
i) http://www.iamg.org
The IAMG's Web Server has links to its publications Mathematical Geology
and Computers in Geoscience.
     - ftp://iamg.org 
     The IAMG ftp Site has algorithms and source code of programs published
     in Computers and Geosciences (ftp://iamg.org/pub/CG) and Mathematical
     Geology (ftp://iamg.org/pub/MG).
     - http://www.emr.ca/gsc/iamg/cghome.html
     Index by Volumes of software published in C&G;
     - http://www.iamg.org/pub/Carr
     Computer programs and data from Jim Carr's book 'Numerical Analysis for
     the Geological Sciences.
ii) ftp://ftp.csn.org/COGS/
COGS, or Computer Orientated Geological Software archives of MS Dos
and Macintosh software, many include source code. Categories include
COGS disks, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Graphics, Hydrology, Landsat,
MOSS, Mapping, Mineralogy, Mining, Oil & Gas.
iii) gopher://dillon.geo.utep.edu:70/11EarthScienceRes/Software
GeoGopher Archives of Earth Science software at the University of Texas,
El Paso, has a collection of Dos based software for the geosciences and
connections to other sites.
iv) http://www.ned.dem.csiro.au/DEM/LEGACY/index.html
The Australian Mining Software Catalog is a directory of information
technology resources for exploration and mining. It lists both Australian
and International software suppliers. It is maintained by Stephen Henley
in a CSIRO initiative.
v) http://calvin.cc.ndsu.nodak.edu/geo/software/software_list
Some general geology software, mostly for the Mac. Software includes
Amphbase, Crystal 2.29 and CrystalView, Emp-amph, Hyperform,
Hornblende-plagioclase geothermometry, Image, Latticemaker,
Mac Molecule 1.7, MMII, Ortep, Pcwateq, P-T-t programs and Stereonet 4.9a
vi) http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/geology/geology/data.html
Bill Thoen's and Ted Smith's Data and Software Resources from their
on-line ORES for general geology.
vii) http://camel.inggeo.tu-clausthal.de/eises/geosoftware-ftp.html
The Software Page at the Institute of Geology and Paleontology (EISES)
has some Dos/Windows software, some of which are mentioned elsewhere
at other sites. Software includes GeoVu (a NGDC Windows GIS/RS data
visualisation program), Landscape Explore (Windows program to translate
a 2D map into a 3D model), and GeoEAS (the EPA's geostatistical software).
viii) http://www.ibmpcug.co.uk/~bedrock/gsd/
The Geotechnical and Geo-environmental Software Directory is maintained
by Tim Spinks. It details several hundred programs, software publishers
and suppliers in the fields of Geotechnical Engineering, Engineering Geology,
Hydrogeology, Geo-environmental Engineering, Data Analysis and Data
Visualisation. There are links to other software lists.
ix) http://www.nsm.uh.edu/anonsoftware.html
University of Houston's ANON server, in conjunction with Computers and
Geosciences, has links to assorted software repositories and other links.
x) http://denr1.igis.uiuc.edu/isgsroot/dinos/software.html
Russ Jacobson's software links for Earth Scientists.
xi) http://www.rrze.uni-erlangen.de/docs/FAU/fakultaet/natIII/geo_min/geologie
           /soft.html
Assorted geology software for Windows, Dos, Mac and Unixc. Compiled by 
S. Krumm. Programs include Winfit (profile analysis of x-ray reflections),
WinStruct (calculation of 001 x-ray patterns, structure factors and LP
factors for discrete clay minerals), WinQ-Fact ("Q" descriptor for mixed
layer clays), Atterberg, Centrifuge (calculate settling times), CrossBed,
Theta, Regression, MudMaster, MacDiff, MacGresens and more.
2.2 Mineralogy/Petrology
------------------------
i) ftp://mac.archive.umich.edu/Crystal
Crystal and
    ftp://mac.archive.umich.edu/CrystalView
CrystalView are both Crystallography software for the MacIntosh by
Thomas Kosel.
ii) ftp://sparky2.esd.mun.ca/pub/geoprogs
Daryl Clarke's NewPet Software is a geochemical/igneous petrology data
handling program which includes ternary plots. MS-Dos and Shareware.
Also here are rose1 (rose plotting Windows prog by Thompson & Thompson),
triplot (ternary plotting prog by Baodke and Thompson), quickplot and
amphibol.
iii-a) ftp://ftp.csn.org/COGS/Mineralogy
      Mineralogy directory from COGS
iii-b) ftp://ftp.csn.org/COGS/Geochemistry
      Geochemistry directory from COGS
iv) http://www.unige.ch/crystal/prg-index.html
This is an alphabetised hot-list of assorted software available
for crystallography. Programs and platforms are varied. Software
includes ABSORB, BIOMOL, Ca.R.Ine, CrystalMaker and CrystalView, Diamond,
Powder Cell and more.
v) ftp://hydrosystems.com/pub/geochemical/
The geochemical directory from the Environmental Hydrosystems ftp server
contains NewPet, QuickPlot, amphibol, ebeam, elements, fluids, kt,
ms-data, phreeq, platinum, wateqf, BTex, PCWater, phreeqe, phreeqep.
vi) http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/geology/geochem/data.html
Bill Thoen's and Ted Smith's Data and Software Resources from their
on-line ORES for geochemistry.
vii) ftp://helios.cr.usgs.giv/ftp/statpac.dos   and
      ftp://helios.cr.usgs.giv/ftp/statpac.unx
Statpac for Unix and Dos from the USGS
viii) http://msgmac.geology.washington.edu/MeltsWWW/Melts.html
Melts is a software package for the modeling of crystallisation of
magmatic systems developed by the University of Washington. It
is available for a number of Unix platforms.
ix) http://www.rtd.com/~bkeller/rockshop/software.html
Software for Rockhounds from Bob's Rock Shop has links to Mineral Mastery
(Dos mineral identification software), Gemstone, The Mineral Database and
Minlog System.
x) http://www.shef.ac.uk/~chem/chemdex/chem-software.html
Chemistry software sites maintained by Mark Winter. Some of these may
be useful for geochemistry.
xi) http://un2sg1.unige.ch/www/athena/html/science.html#2
Athena Mineralogy has links to assorted Dos/Windows software pertaining
to mineralogy.
xii) http://www.geo.ucalgary.ca/~tmg/thermo_links.html
Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibria links by Terry Gordon has the areas of
Igneous Petrology (MELTS, QUILF), Metamorhic Petrology (GIBBS, P-T-t, TWQ,
WEBINVEQ) and Aqueous Geochemistry (EQ3/6, MBSSAS, MINEQLT, ALCHEMI).
xiii) http://superior.carleton.ca/~marshall/ternplot.htm
Daniel Marshall's C&G; preprint on Spreadsheets and Ternary Plots, plus
a downloadable spreadsheet.
xiv) http://www.agate.net/~ersoftwr/software.html
Environmental Research Software has made available various Dos software,
including MINEQL+ (a chemical equilibrium modeling system), Alchemi (to
calculate the distribution of Al in acidified waters) and GRiDS
(Global River Dilution System).
xv) http://copper.ucs.indiana.edu/~sbaedke/triplt.html
TriPlot is shareware software for Windows written by Steve Baedke from
Indiana University.
2.3 Structural Geology
----------------------
i) ftp://darwin.ibg.uit.no/pub/stereo/zip
Stereo v3.0 is a complete stereonet package for Windows. Get the
file stereo30.zip. It is by Per Ivar Steinsund and is shareware.
ii) ftp://silver.geo.cornell.edu/pub/rwa_programs
Rick Allmendinger's structural programs for the MacIntosh are quite
well regarded. Included are FaultKin, Stereonet, MacStrat, MacStress,
MicroStructure and Structure_Movies.
iii) ftp://sparky2.esd.mun.ca/pub/geoprogs
Mainly geochem prog, but also here is quickplot, a stereonet program for
structural geology by van Everdingen and van Gool.
iv) http://131.252.71.35/faculty/kmc/foldfile.htm
High amplitude folding simulation software by Kenneth Cruikshank.
v) http://hercules.geology.uiuc.edu/~schimmri/geology/structure.html#software
The software section in Steven Schimmrich's Structural Geology Page has links
to structual geology software.
2.4 Marine Geology
------------------
ia) ftp://ftp.nadn.navy.mil/pub/oceano/microdem
Microdem, includes the MGT subset for teaching marine geophysics,
is available from the US Naval Academy's ftp server.
ib) ftp://ftp.nadn.navy.mil/pub/oceano/oceanlab
Also available are a group of programs for oceanography including TS-Plot,
Waves, Tides, Duck, beach profiles, and marine geology.
2.5 Hydrology
-------------
i) ftp://ftp.csn.org/COGS/Hydrology
The Hydrology directory from COGS
ii) ftp://hydrosystems.com/pub/ENVIROMOD/
Environmental Hydrosystems Inc's ftp server has a comprehensive collection
of public domain software (Dos, Windows, some Unix) for groundwater,
porous media and environmental modeling.
The main directories of interest for hydrology are:
  - ftp://hydrosystems.com/pub/ENVIROMOD/BIOPLUMEII/
  - ftp://hydrosystems.com/pub/ENVIROMOD/CHEMFLOW/
  - ftp://hydrosystems.com/pub/ENVIROMOD/GEOPACK/
  - ftp://hydrosystems.com/pub/ENVIROMOD/GEOSTAT/
  - ftp://hydrosystems.com/pub/ENVIROMOD/GRAPHICS/
  - ftp://hydrosystems.com/pub/ENVIROMOD/GRAPHICS/
  - ftp://hydrosystems.com/pub/ENVIROMOD/HSSM/
  - ftp://hydrosystems.com/pub/ENVIROMOD/MODFLOW/
  - ftp://hydrosystems.com/pub/ENVIROMOD/MOFAT/
  - ftp://hydrosystems.com/pub/ENVIROMOD/MT3D/
  - ftp://hydrosystems.com/pub/ENVIROMOD/PESTAN/
  - ftp://hydrosystems.com/pub/ENVIROMOD/SUTRA/
  - ftp://hydrosystems.com/pub/ENVIROMOD/SWIFTII/
  - ftp://hydrosystems.com/pub/ENVIROMOD/VLEACH/
iii) http://gwrp.cciw.ca/internet/software.html
The Software for Groundwater Modeling and Analysis page by Andrew Piggott
has connections to both commercial and non-commercial software sites.
iv) http://199.227.7.95/ehisrvr.html
EnviroMod Software Server has environmental and hydrological software
connections.
v-a) http://www.et.byu.edu/~geos/staff/owens/groundwater.html#Models
The Groundwater Modeling department at Brigham Young Uni has an
extensive list/collection of groundwater modeling software, both commercial
and freebies. In the Models section can be found IGWMC (source code for
USGS models), CEAM from EPA, USGS Geochem models (Phreaqe and WATEQ4F),
2DFlow, PUMPIT, MCFIT plus others.
v-b) http://www.et.byu.edu/~geos/staff/owens/groundwater.html#PPP
In the Pre and Post Processes from BYU can be found links to Femmwater,
IRIS Explorer, Flow Analysis Software Toolkit, Khoros, SpyGlass and more.
vi) ftp://kilburn.keene.edu/Kilburn/ftp/GWM-L/
Source code for several of the USGS models.
vii) ftp://ftp.ccnet.com/users/aqualog/
The original location for PUMPIT by Aqualogic. PUMPIT is a Dos shareware
program which calculates drawdown, identifies the capture zone and
injection fronts etc. Version 4.0 is available.
viii) http://www.us.net/evisim/links.html
Environmental Simulations Inc. has software, services and information for
groundwater modeling. This connection is to their list of groundwater sites.
ix) http://aapg.geol.lsu.edu/rbwinsto.htm
Contains Dos executables  and source code for Modflow and its related
programs (ModFlowP, ZoneBudget, ModPath, SteramLink), plus other software
such as Sutra (2D finite element gwater flow model), SutraInv (parameter
estimation for Sutra), MOC89 (solute transport and dispersion), Plasm (2D
finite difference gwater flow) and TypCurv.
x) http://www.nmia.com/~interags/free/fretxt.html
ftp access to several public domain software available at other sites.
  -- http://www.nmia.com/~interags/index/indtxt.html
Intera Inc. also have a description index of software of interest to
hydrologists.
xi) ftp://engr.orst.edu/pub/swmm/pc
    ftp://engr.orst.edu/pub/swmm/workstation
Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was developed by U. Oregon and EPA. It is
a comprehensive water quality simulation model developed primarily for urban
areas. It performs single event and continuous simulation for almost all
components of rainfall, runoff and quality cycles for a watershed. Dos and
Unix versions.
xii) http://www.et.byu.edu/~geos/faculty/jonesn/asce/geotech/software/home.html
The ASCE Geotechnical Engineering has a page that provides thins to
Seepage/Groundwater Modeling software. Web users can create and edit their
own entry. Links include Boss International, EarthSoft, Draper Adam
Environmental Modeling, DoD Groundwater Modeling System, AFEPT, EQ3/6, PEST
and the US EPA Groundwater Software Modeling.
xiii) http://aapg.geol.lsu.edu/mfh_rec.htm
This is the Internet Resources Page of the Modflow Help File. The MFH
needs to be downloaded and run locally.
xiv) http://www.wa.gov/ecology/eils/pwspread.html
Several spreadsheets were developed by the Washington State Dept of
Ecology's Environmental Investigations and Laboratory Services Program
to aid NPDES permit writers. All of the spreadsheets are in seperate Lotus
123 WK1 files and have also been combined and reformatted in Excel 5.
Included are DOSAG2, IDOD2, NH#FRESH, NHRSALT, PHMIX2, RIVPLUM5, WQBP2 and
FARFIELD.
xv) http://www.umanitoba.ca/geo_eng/Groundwater/
The University of Manitoba groundwater ftp site and data base is available
through their web page. Also contains links to other groundwater sites.
xvi) http://aapg.geol.lsu.edu/rbwinsto.htm
Richard Winston's home page has a good collection of links to software sites
for groundwater modelling, wetlands, ModFlow and the like.
xvii) http://terrassa.pnl.gov:2080/EESC/resourcelist/hydrology/software.html
The Earth Environmental Science Center (EESC) maintains a list of links
to software and models for hydrology.
xviii) http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/2175/
Hidrosoft has many links to water related freeware, shareware and
commercial software for hydraulics, hydrology, water resources and
the environment.
xix) http://grwp.cciw.ca/internet/gwcan-archive/0042.html
The ModFlow Resources Page by Richard Winston has many links to ModFlow
and related software such as ModUser, ModFlowP, MT3D etc
xx) http://www.mines.edu:8080/fs_home/wwingle/uncert/
UNCERT is a public domain geostatistical analysis and graphical user
interface for ModFlow and MT3D on Unix Systems developed by W. Wingle,
E. Poeter and S. McKenna. It is a geostatistical uncertainty analysis
package applied to groundwater flow and contamination transport modelling.
    http:// gale.mines.edu/uncert/manual/contents/contents.html
    The UNCERT Users Guide On-Line.
2.6 Sedimentary Geology
-----------------------
i) gopher://strix.udac.uu.se:70/40/palun/fuzzim.sea.hqx
Fuzzim (stored as a binhexed self extracting archive) are Macintosh programs
for simulating large scale marginal deposition and erosion for
long time spans. It uses "fuzzy logic" for controlling the distribution
of sediment. It was written by Ulf Nordland and Magnus Silfversparre of
Uppsala University, Sweden.
iia) http://www.geosc.psu.edu/~sedweb/sedlab_html/sedlab.html
Software from the Basin Research Lab, Sedimentary Geology, Penn State.
Includes SSM (simulating clastic sedimentary basins), GOLEM (geophysical
landcsape evolution model) and MIDAS (model investigating density and
size sorting.
iib) http://www.geosc.psu.edu/~sedweb/sedgeol_html/freeware.html
Software from the Basin Research Group, Sedimentary Geology, Penn State.
Includes Strata 2.1, a basin modelling tool.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. GEOPHYSICS
-------------
i) ftp://pong.igpp.ucla.edu/pub/pbird
Thin Plate Finite Element Code developed by Peter Bird at UCLA since 1976
can be used to model the deformation of the lithosphere, form new tectonic
hypotheses, estimate long term seismic hazards and study plate rheology.
You should also mail Peter (pbird@ess.ucla.edu) to let him know
which files you copied and to be placed on the mail-list for updates.
Fortran source code is available.
ii) ftp://mantle.colorado.edu/pub/PaleoMag or
    http://cires.colorado.edu/people/jones.craig/CHJ_PMag_overview.html
PaleoMag software for the MacIntosh by Craig Jones. It supports
orthorhombic, equal area and J/J0 diagrams (total and component) of
individual sample demagnetisations, least squares fit of lines, planes,
circles to parts of demagnetisation curves.
Email Craig (cjones@mantle.colorado.edu) to be placed on the
mailing list for updates. Craig has also placed PaleoMag onto a web server,
plus an on-line manual.
iii) ftp://hilbert.mines.colorado.edu/pub/cwpcodes   or
     http://cwp.mines.colorado.edu:3852/
Seismic CWP/SU Package is geophysical seismic code for Unix machines
from the Center for Wave Phenomena.
iv) ftp://earth.eps.pitt.edu/pub
The World Paeo-Magnetic Database are databases and programs related
to paleomagnetism.
v) ftp://ftp.csn.org/COGS/Geophysics
Geophysics directory from COGS
vi) http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/geology/geophx/data.html
Bill Thoen's and Ted Smith's Data and Software Resources from their
on-line ORES for geophysics.
vii) ftp://dmc.iris.washington.edu/pub/programs/sel/ibmpc
     ftp://dmc.iris.washington.edu/pub/programs/sel/mac
     ftp://dmc.iris.washington.edu/pub/programs/sel/sun
The IRIS Software Exchange Library ftp server has geophysical software
for pc, mac and sun platforms. Included in the pc directory are SEISMIC
(displays hypocenters of earthquakes for various map views from 1960 to
the present) and SUDS (Seismic Unified Data System). Under sun are SUDS,
Seismo_Display, cc2sac, evt2sac, evalresp, focmec, neic2tf and relish.
viii) ftp://ftp.cs.wits.ac.za/pub/general/geophys
Geophysical freeware for Dos written by Gordon Cooper. Includes Mag2dc
(magnetic forward modeling), Grav2dc (gravity forward modeling), GeoModel
(sim. mag & grav fwd modeling), VES (Schlumberger res modeling and
inversion), SignProc (prfile data filtering), PFproc (map data filtering,
strike filters, derivatives etc) and GravMap (map data filtering:
continuation, polynomial surface fits etc).
ix) ftp://garlock.wr.usgs.gov/pub/PROGRAMS
Some geophysical programs (for unix/vms) from Menlo Park ftp server.
Includes Paleo stress analysis by Andy Michael, 3D velocity model
determination and hypocenter location.
x) ftp://ftp.seismo.usbr.gov/pub/outgoing/epic3.tar.Z
Epic3 suite of progs are for Unix. They read the event CD-Roms (version 3)
from the NEIC ie hypo-center associated data plus the NEIC event catalog.
From Dan O'Connell and the Seismotectonics group of the US Bureau of
Reclamation.
xi) http://psn.quake.net/software.html
    ftp://psn.quake.net/software
Winquake software by Larry Cochrane (Windows and Win95) is to view and
analyse Public Seismic Network and SAC binary event files. It uses
Jeffreys-Bullens tables for travel times for a series of depths.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. OCEANOGRAPHY
---------------
i) http://www.aos.princeton.edu/htdocs.pom
POM is a sigma coordinate free surface, primitive equation ocean model
for Unix. It is distributed free to tertiary institutions for research
purposes. The code is available from the following ftp server:
        ftp://ftp.gfdl.gov/pub/glm/
ii) http://www.gfdl.gov/~kd/MOMwebpages/MOMWWW.html
MOM (Unix) is a primitive equation general ocean circulation model for
exploring ocean and coupled air-sea applications over a wide range
of space and time scales. Source code is available from:
       ftp://ftp.gfdl.gov/pub/GFDL_MOM2/
iii) http://ftp://ahab.rutgers.edu/pub/spem/src/
SPEM is a 3D ocean circulation model for a variety of studies.
It uses horizontal boundary-fitted orthogonal coordinates, a vertical
bathymetry following sigma coordinate and solves 3D primitive equations.
Source code is available from:
       ftp://ahab.rutgers.edu/pub/spem/src/
iv) http://www.ocgy.ubc.va/oceanography.links.html
University of British Colombia has links to assorted numerical models
(including the above) for oceanography. Look for the sections
On-Line Numerical Models and Source Code for Models Not Mentioned Above.
Model include FRAM, ECOM-si, POP, Spectral Element Shallow Water Equation
Model, Box Basin and Massively Parallel versions of Miami Isopycnic
Coordinate Ocean Model, MOMA, OCCAM/NWO and MICOM.
v) http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/geology/ocean/data.html
Bill Thoen's and Ted Smith's Data and Software Resources from their
on-line ORES for oceanography.
vi) ftp://twinky.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/LinkWinds
LinkWinds (Linked Windows Interactive Data System) is developed by
NASA/JPL for interactive 2D and 3D graphical display of data. It runs
on SGI platforms under IRIX4 and IRIX5, and Sun under Solaris 2.4.
vii) http://case50.ncsl.nist.gov/xtide/xtide.html
xtide is free software by David Flater. It is a Harmonic Tide Clock and
Tide Predictor for Unix (x-windows). You do need harmonic constants though.
viii) http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/CAMPAIGN_DOCS/OCDST/ocdst_main.html
The main page for the Ocean Color web site, a section of the GSFC DAAC.
They have software which uses data from visible light bands from satellites
and aircrafts to measure ocean features. Two main parts, CZCS and SeaWiFS.
- Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS)
http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/CAMPAIGN_DOCS/OCDST/czcs_software_and_services.html
CZCS-related software includes SEAPAK, the data processing software, plus
software to read DSP, CRTT and HDF files, and a collection of user contributed
tools.
- SeaWiFS
http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/CAMPAIGN_DOCS/OCDST/seawifs_software_and_services.html
SeaWiFS-related software includes SEADAS processing and image analysis
 software for HDF data, and SEATRAK - orbit prediction software.
- ftp://pro.msrc.sunysb.edu/mod
Map Ocean Data (MOD) is windows based freeware to view oceanographic data
in a geographic context.
ix) ftp://aqueous.ml.csiro.au/pub/morgan/seawater
SeaWater is a toolkit of MatLab routines for calculating the properties
of seawater, and is developed by Phil Morgan. They are a self contained
library and run on all computers that support MatLab. Seawater is freeware.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. MATHEMATICAL/STATISTICS/GEOSTATISTICS
----------------------------------------
i) ftp://ulimin1.unil.ch/pub/geostat
Geostatistics software at the Inst. of Mineralogy at the University of
Lausanne, carries the US EPA GeoEAS geostatistical program (Dos),
a geostatistical tool box (Dos) and VarioWin, a windows set of programs
for 2D spatial data analsysis.
ii) http://lib.stat.cmu.edu/
The StatLib Archives has an extensive collection of statistical
software and algorithms. It is divided into a number of catagories
based upon the resources origin, eg apstat is for algorithms from
Applied Statistics, cmlib is the Core Mathematics Library from NIST
which has fortran code for lots of statistical and numerical
procedures, griffiths-hill has applied statistics algorithms contained in
the book by Griffith Hill, multi has an annotated directory and selected
algorithms on multi-variate analysis and clustering.
iii) http://www.netlib.org/
The Netlib Archives repository at UTK and ORNL carry a very extensive
collection of mathematical software. Some of the categories include
image, linpak, voronoi, fftpack, scilib, graphics and gnu. It is also
possible to do an Attribute/Value Data Base Search of the Netlib
repository (http://www.netlib.org/nse/netlib-query.html).
iv) ftp://garbo.uwasa.fi/pc/turbopas
Numerical Recipes for Pascal are available from the Garbo archive. Get
the file nrpas13.zip. Be warned, this is over 300 Kb compressed and 772 Kb
uncompressed.
v) http://www-brad.geosc.uh.edu/software.htm
Software for Mathematical Geology at Houston University.
vi) http://www.gamma.rug.nl/sibyl.html
The Sibyl Database is a searchable database of information on statistical
software.
vii) ftp://hydrosystems.com/pub/geostatistics/
The geostatistics directory from the Environmental Hydrosystems ftp server
contains software such as GeoEAS (the Geostatistical Environmental
Exposure Assessment Software from the US EPA), COSIM (performs
unconditional and co-conditional simulations), LOGEN (unconditional
simulations), ISIM3D (a 3D multiple indicator conditional simulation
program), GCOSIM3D (code for the generation of realisations of multiple
variates jointly correlated with a multiGaussian distribution), plus others
including UNCERT, UCLA.
viii) http://www.geosc.uh.edu/AnonSoftware.html
The ANON Web site at the University of Houston is for those interested
in mathematics, computers and geosciences. This link is their software
and modeling resources page with many connections.
ix) ftp://banach.stanford.edu/gslib/
Fortran code for the geostatistics package from Stanford University.
Authored by C.V. Deutsche and A.G.Journel. Is a .tar.Z file.
x) http://www.maths.uwa.edu.au/~watson/homepage.html
Dave Watson's home page, with information on Delauny tringulation,
contouring etc. Source code for delauny tesselations, plus access to
time series prediction software (Dynamical Data Determinism Detector).
xi) http://lusk1.mines.edu/hjjou/linux_prg.html
Scientific Software for Linux contains links to assorted mathematical,
statistical, graphical software and libraries for Linux operating systems.
xii) http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/~tomek/htmls/num_meth.html
Numerical Methods Links by Tomasz Plewa is a great collection of links
to assorted mathematical packages and libraries, centers and other sites.
xiii) ftp://ftp.mathworks.com/pub/books/mathews/fortran/
Fortran code of the software supplements for Numerical Methods for
Mathematics, Science and Engineers by John Mathews
xiv) http://atlas.es.mq.edu.au/users/pingram/sware.htm
Phil Ingram's statistical software for dos machines is a collection of
4 programs for a variety of purposes. Included are:
     http://atlas.es.mq.edu.au/users/pingram/software/ustat301.zip
     USTAT - procedures for the analysis of uni and bivariate data
     http://atlas.es.mq.edu.au/users/pingram/software/mstat301.zip
     MSTAT - procedures for the analysis of multivariate data
     http://atlas.es.mq.edu.au/users/pingram/software/kstat301.zip
     KSTAT - geostatistical procedures (varigrams and block kriging) for
             grade/tonnage calculations of ore deposits
     http://atlas.es.mq.edu.au/users/pingram/software/sstat301.zip
     SSTAT - procedures for the generation and analysis of gridded data
xv) ftp://ftp.ucar.edu/dsl/lib/
Assorted libraries of fortran mathematical routines of possible interest
to the earth sciences. Included are spherepack, fftpack, fitpack, minpack,
linpack.
xvi) http://www-sst.unil.ch/geostatistics.html
Geostatistical software for the PC, with links to VarioWin (plus the
VarioWin FAQ), EPA's GeoEAS and Roland Froievaux'x Geostatistical
Toolbox.
xvii)ftp://math.arizona.edu/incoming/unix.geoeas/
This is the unix version of EPA's GeoEAS software.
    http://eratos.erin.utoronto.ca/fcs/GEO/geoeas.html
    The online documentation for the unix version of GeoEas. Be warned,
    it is 234 Kb in size.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. GIS and Mapping
------------------
Sections 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5 mainly deal with specialised mapping and GIS
techniques and software, of which I know very little. Consequently, I
took the reference to these sites from Bill Thoen's ORES,
figuring that his judgement will be better than mine on these subjects.
6.1 General GIS/Mapping and Image Analysis
------------------------------------------
i) ftp://ftp.blm.gov/pub/gis
An assortment of Dos software for GIS and mapping, cartographic
transformations, raster to vector conversions and so on. It includes
programs like skmoss (replaces 4 programs in pcmoss), gctpc (Dos version
of general cartographic transformations), las (land analysis system),
pcglis (pc version of glis), dcw2dxf (dcw to dxf conversions) topo and
xglis. The site is maintained by Sol Katz.
ii) http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/soest/gmt.html
Generic Mapping Tools is Unix software developed at the School of
Ocean and Earth Science and Technology at the University of Hawaii by
Paul Wessel and Walter H. F. Smith. It contains about 50 tools for
map projections, spatial interpolation, contouring, 3-D perspective views,
and data manipulation. Source code is in Kernighan & Richie C for Unix
machines. The latest version is 3.0 and the page gives details on how
to obtain it from one of several sites.
iii) ftp://edcftp.cr.usgs.gov/pub/software/topo
Topographic Analysis fortran source code.
iv) ftp://jupiter.drev.dnd.ca/pub/gis/vpfview
VPFView 1.1 is Unix software to view DCW data from the DMA's Digital
Chart of the World CD-ROM data set.
v) ftp://moon.cecer.army.mil/grass
GRASS GIS is a public domain GIS and image processing system for Unix
developed by the US Army Corps of Engineers.
vi) ftp://charon.er.usgs.gov/pub
MAPGEN/PLOTGEN is the code for a public domain graphics system.
The files are compressed-tar source files. Files include:
graphics-?.?.tar.Z: device independent vector graphics system
employed by the Mapgen/Plotgen system; mapgen.?.?.tar.Z is the mapgen/plotgen
system for plotting geographic and other data (requires pre-installed
'proj' and 'graphics'); xzoom.?.?.tar.Z is the previewer of mapgen/plotgen
graphic data.
vii) ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/Access_Tools
The National Geophysical Data Center ftp server has a number of
Dos based generic data analysis, display, compression, archival and
retrieval tools. Software includes FREEFORM, GeoVu and GeoDas.
viii) ftp://nmdpow9.er.usgs.gov/
The USGS Cartographic Software by the National Mapping Division of
the USGS provide data and supporting software for the national series
of base cartographic data. The software are for a variety of platforms.
ix-a) ftp://ftp.csn.org/COGS/Landsat
      The Landsat directory from COGS
ix-b) ftp://ftp.csn.org/COGS/Moss
      The Moss directory from COGS
ix-c) ftp://ftp.csn.org/COGS/Mapping
      The Mapping directory from COGS
x) ftp://oak.oakland.edu/simtel/msdos/mapping/
The Mapping directory of the Simtel mirror at Oakland contains various
mapping software for Dos. Included are topo300.zip (3-D topographic map
plotting program), emap100*.zip (the EPI Map program with utilities, and USA
coverage by counties), coordchg.zip (convert map coords dd.mm.ss<->dd.###)
and ozd101?.zip (OzGIS is a Dos Mapping program of census/GIS data).
xi) http://www.gisnet.com/gis/ores/gis/data.html
The GIS Data and Software page from Bill Thoen's and Ted Smith's On-Line
ORES.
xii) ftp://ftp.esri.com/arcview1
Arcview 1.0 for Windows by ESRI is available from this ftp site. Be sure
to read the licence agreement.
xiii) http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/~billh/vis.html
     ftp://iris.ssec.wisc.edu/pub/vis5d
     ftp://iris.ssec.wisc.edu/pub/visad
The Space, Science and Engineering Center (SSEC) at Uni. of Wisconsin-
Madison makes 2 software packages, Vis5D and VisAD, freely available. These
are scientific visualisation systems for a number of Unix workstations.
Both executables and source code is available. Vis5D has been setup so
output from atmosphere and ocean models can be linked to Web pages.
xiv) http://www.usgs.gov/research/gis/software.html
GIS Software at the USGS. Main catagories are:
  -- ftp://geology.usgs.gov/pub/GIV/
     Geologic Information Visualisation for the PC
  -- ftp://nmdpow9.er.usgs.gov/public/gctpc
     General Cartographic Transformation Package (GCTP)
  -- http://www-nmd.usgs.gov/www/html/software.html
     Mapping Science Software from the National mapping Division, which
     includes Cartographic Applications Software, Global Land Information
     System (GLIS), RevPG - Digital Line Graph Editing, Symbolised Display
     and Plotting Software, ATSys - Aero Triangulation System Software,
     Public Domain Software for use with the USGS Digital Geospatial Data
     (IMDISP, DLGVIEW, DLGTODXF and CHOP)
xv) http://dynamo.ecn.purdue.edu/~biehl/MultiSpec/
MultiSpec is an image processing system for interactively analysing
multispectral data such as Landsat or hyperspectral data from AVIRIS Imaging
Spectrometer. It is wirtten for the Macintosh and Power Mac by Larry Biehl
and the Laboratory for Applications in Remote Sensing at Purdue University.
xvi) http://www.iti.gov.sg/iti_people/iti_staff/kflai/gsnake.html
     http://www.cs.wisc.edu/computer-vision/projects/gsnake.html
GSNAKE API software provides tools for contour modelling, extraction,
detection and classification based on the Generalized Active Contour Model.
It was developed jointly by Information Technology Institute, Singapore, and
School of Applied Science, NTU, Singapore. C++ source code is compilable on
many unix boxes.
xvii) http://www.chemie.uni-marburg.de/image.html
NIH-Image is excellent public domain image analysis software for the Macintosh
xviii) ftp://ftp.coast.net/SimTel/win3/gis/surface2.zip
SURFACE is a Windows program for gridding and displaying a surface or contour
map. Surface2.zip replaces surface. By W. J. Coulthard and is shareware.
xix) ftp://ftp.coast.net/SimTel/msdos/mapping/vmap150.zip
VERSAMAP v1.50 is DOS shareware by Charles Culberson. It draws outlines of
maps on 14 map projections.
xx) ftp://ftp.wizvax.net/personal/victorf/inverse.zip
INVERSE computes the distance between two points with Lat/Long. It is by
Vic Fraenckel
xxi) ftp://ftp.ngs.noaa.gov/pub/pcsoft/for_inv.3d/
The National Geodetic Survey has Inverse and Forward programs with source
code for MSDos machines.
xxii) java.ei.jrc.it/rem/gregoire/softfaq2.html
Gregoire Dubois maintains the AI-Geostats Mailing List FAQ. This is a
description of the freeware and commercial software commonly used for
spatial data analysis, plus links.
xxiii) http://homepage.interaccess.com/~maynard/software.htm
Software links from The Land Surveying and Geomatics Page (maintained
by Maynard Riley) has a number of links to assorted software related to
mapping, DEM, coordinate conversions, surveing and the like.
xxiv) http://www.uni-sb.de/philfak/fb6/fr66/tpw/s-ware/s-ware.htm
The Institute of Biogeography has a software archive for Windows based
GIS shareware and freeware. Included are Geo-Vu, OzGIS 4 Windows,
IDRISI Modules, Fragstats, Surface Interpolator, US 3D Atlas, Landscape
Explorer, Map Maker and GADS.
xxv) http://www.gisnet.com/gis/mapinfo
GISNet's BBS' MapInfo Support page, with access to free files, faq etc
    - ftp://ftp.csn.net/mapinfo
      Related shareware for Map Info
xxvi) http://www.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/win3/math/tmap15.zip
      ftp://ftp.simtel.net/pub/simtelnet/win3/math/tmap15.zip
TerrainMap 1.5 by Yiping Song is Win95 and WinNT shareware software designed
for terrain surface modeling. It takes in spatial sampling data, contour
data or grid data and generates 3D spatial models. Three spatial models
are supported: Triangulated Irregular Networks (TIN); Contour; and Digital
Elevation Models (DEMs) or grid model.
6.2 Cartographic Converters and Transformations
-----------------------------------------------
i) ftp://edcftp.cr.usgs.gov/pub/software/gctpc
The General Cartographic Transformation Package is the c code for
various various cartographic conversions such as Lat/Long<->UTM.
The C code was originally written for Unix.
   -- ftp://isdres.er.usgs.gov/pub/usgs/gctp/
      The older version, GCTP-II, is also available.
ii) ftp://kai.er.usgs.gov/pub/PROJ.4
This ftp site is now the official distribution site of the PROJ.4 system.
PROJ.4 is a system of programs for various general cartographic projections
and conversions, including  geographic or grid data between Nth American
Datum 27 and 83 plus SPCS & UTM coord systems for the US regions.
Included here is the source distribution for the programs PROJ, GEOD
and NAD2NAD (for Unix, bat adaptable for Dos), the DOS executable for
Version 4.3.3, other sundry files plus the PD.projections.FAQ. Get the
README file for a description of what's there.
iii) http://www.epa.gov/region10/www/softlib.html
The U.S. EPA's dbf utility package (v5.5) is a set of programs for
converting between INFO and DBF as well as INFO and ASCII, DBF to point
coverage. They are programs tested on a number of Unix platforms, and run
with Arc/Info 6.1.1 or 7.0.2. The complete source code is also available.
iv) http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PC_PROD/pc_prod.html
Another site for UTM_Lat/Long conversions, but this software supposedly
allows for batch processing.
v) ftp://hydrosystems.com/pub/geostatistics/BLMGIS/
The geostatistics directory from the Environmental Hydrosystems ftp server
contains the BLMGIS program for Dos. This performs coordinate conversions
between Geodetic (Lat/Long) and State Plane coordinate (SPC) systems
based on the North American Datum of 1927.
vi) http://www.connect.net/jbanta
John Banta's Coordinate Transformation Page, contains Windows coordinate
conversion software, to convert lat/long and X/Y anywhere in the Northern
Hemisphere using the UTM projection, and anywhere in the US using US State
Plane projections. From the SeisSoft company.
vii) ftp://ftp.ngs.noaa.gov/pub/pcsoft/spcs83/
SPCS83 was developed by the National Geodetic Survey for converting
from Lat/Long to State Plane Coords and back. Fortran source code is
here.
  - ftp://ftp.ngs.noaa.gov/pub/pcsoft/utms
  Converts GPS to Universal Transverse Mercator coords and vice versa
  for the NAD27 and NAD83 datum.
viii) ftp://wizvax.net/pub/personal/victorf
The Windsway Co. has assorted Dos software for various conversions
involving Lat/Longs, UTM and other map references. Included are
rule2ll, ll2rule, inverse, direct, utm2ll, ll2utm.
ix) ftp://ftp.ucar.edu/dsl/lib/tlcpack/
TLCPACK is a library of fortran routines for the regridding of uniform and
non-uniform orthoganal grids.
6.3 Arc/Info AML Code
---------------------
i) ftp://dis2qvarsa.er.usgs.gov/amls
AMLs for ARC/INFO 5.0, 6.11
ii) ftp://dis2qvarsa.er.usgs.gov/data/giras
AMLs for GIRAS data.
iii) ftp://wigeo.wu-wien.ac.at/pub/acdgis-l/aml
Another AML site.
iv) ftp://wigeo.wu-wien.ac.at/pub/acdgis-l/sml
AML for PC Arc/Info.
v) ftp://ftp.esri.com/public/www/scripts
AMLs and SMLs from ESRI's ftp server
6.4 Digital Elevation Models (DEMs)
----------------------------------
i) ftp://ftp.blm.gov/gis/microdem.zip
MicroDEM, Pascal programs to do things with DEM data (shareware).
ii) ftp://ftp.cica.indiana.edu/pub/pc/win3
    Splat at Indiana or
    ftp://nic.funet.fi/pub/msdos
    Splat at NIC:
    SPLAT is contouring software. Get the file SPLATSFX.EXE which is
    a self-extracting archive.
iii) ftp://ahab.rutgers.edu/pub/gridpak
GRIDPAK is 3D gridding software for unix. Written in C, with makefiles
and uses mud2 version 3. Other applications include XCOAST2, an X-application
for drwaing grid boundaries of the (?US) coastline, and fine & coarse
resolutioncoastlines for xgrid, plus etopo5 bathymetry/topography data.
iv) http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/doc/edchome/ndcdb/ndcdb.html
The US GeoData FTP Access site has links to public domain software for DEMs
plus access to a variety of USGS digital data sets eg 1:2,000,000 and
1:100,000 Digital Line Graphs.
6.5 Specialised GIS/Mapping/Imaging Techniques
----------------------------------------------
i) ftp://princeton.edu/pub/Graphics/RTNews/RTNv5n3.Z
Point in Polygon, Fastest Point on Polygon test by Eric Haines, in
Ray Tracing News, v5, no.3, Sept, 1992.

ii) ftp://ftp.mv.com/pub/ddj/dec94
Voroni Tesselations source code in article Spatial Data and the
Voroni Tesselations in Dr. Dobbs Journal, Dec. 1992.
iii) ftp://shelf.ersc.weic.edu/pub/
Linear Time Algorithm Program, the DOS executable of the code published
in IJGIS, 1993, Vol. 7, No. 6. Retrieve the file CHITVD.ZIP. Documentation
in CHITVD.DOC.
iv) ftp://netlib.att.com:netlib/voronoil/sweep2.Z
Theissen Polygons, C source code for calculating the vectors for
Theissen Polygons.
v) ftp://pasture.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/mccauley/grass/s.voroni
s.voroni: the GRASS module.
vi) ftp://ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SGI/MinMaxer
MinMaxer from NCSA is a triangulation method that does the
Delauny Triangulation.
vii) ftp://ftp.mv.com/pub/ddj
QUAD.ASC is source code for image processing using quadtrees. It includes
unpublished source code and input data which accompany's Ray Dash's
article on using quadtrees for raster-image processing.
viii) http://www.pact.srf.ac.uk/~simonw
ImgStar is a set of image processing tools written in c (?for Unix).
It is intended to be used in conjuntion with Jef Poskanzer's pbmplus
toolkit for coordinate/file conversions.
ix) http://www-mipl.jpl.nasa.gov/cartlab/geotiff/geotiff.html
GeoTIFF 1.0 file format and specifications, plus Beta GeoTIFF software
using the public domain LIBTIFF package. GeoTIFF is a collaborative effort
by a number of remote-sensing and cartographic raster data providers
and software vendors to establish a standard for geographically-orientated
raster-format data interchange using a standard TIFF tag extension.
x) http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/%7Emxr/gfx
The Graphics File Formats Home Page, formerly by Ian Tweedie and now
maintained by Martin Reddy. Notes, examples and code for a vast array of
graphics file formats. Can search the archives and the FAQ.
xi) http://lake.mit.edu/~glenn/kirill/saga.html
The SaGA Spatial and Geometric Analysis Toolbox for MatLab is by
Kirill Pankratov. The toolbox deals with geometry and planar, spherical,
three-dimensional, and multi-dimensional data.
xii) http://www.ecse.rpi.edu/Homepages/wrf/pnpoly.html
Wm. Randolph Franklin has placed Fortran source for a Point Inclusion
in Polygon Test.
xiii) http://mcmcweb.er.usgs.gov/sdts/
The Spatial Data Transfer Standard is a robust way of transferring
earth-referenced spatial data between dissimilar computer systems.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. MAP DATA
-----------
i) ftp://spectrum.xerox.com/pub/map/
Xerox's ftp site is described by Bill Thoen as a goldmine for
Map Datasets for DEM, DTM, TIGER data exchange for all kinds
of public domain map data.

ii) ftp://edcftp.cr.usgs.gov/data
The EROS Data Center has 1:100,000 and 1:2,000,000 Digital Line Graph
land use/land cover and 1:250,000 Digital Elevation Models of the U.S.A.
There are also numerous Arc/Info coverages and AML's.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. GRAPHING/PLOTTING
i) ftp://oak.oakland.edu/simtel/msdos/plot
This directory on the Oakland software ftp repository has plotting programs
for geoscientists. Included are: grphc27.zip - Graphica scientific graphing
program is great; For piper and ternary plot programs
get the files piper10.zip and triplt22.zip. Try searching for these
at Oakland's Web server (see above).
ii) ftp://hydrosystems.com/pub/graphics
Assorted graphics, plotting and mapping software from Environmental
Hydrosystems, including cad, acadlisp, alog101, dcw, jk2var,jkplot,
imgproc, makgrph5, ok206, rareplot, tplot44,
triplt, ungvec, xgplot, GIV (Dos), Contour (Dos), gnuplot (Dos & Unix),
gridding, khoros (Unix), giras, assorted mapping and DEM software.
iii) http://www-ocean.tamu.edu/~baum/ocean-graphics.html
Software for Graphics and Data Analysis is a collection of links to software
and tools collected by S. Baum of texas A&M; University. Mostly for Linux.
The main links are to:
    -  http://www-ocean.tamu.edu/~baum/graphics-graph.html
    Mainly graphics orientated
    -  http://www-ocean.tamu.edu/~baum/graphics-analysis.html
    Mainly numerical analysis
    -  http://www-ocean.tamu.edu/~baum/graphics-formats.html
    Mainly data formats
    -  http://www-ocean.tamu.edu/~baum/graphics-comm.html
    Commercial Packages
But also has links to Symbolic Mathematics, GUI development systems,
wavelet software/information and spectral analysis.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. RAY TRACING
--------------
i) http://www.cm.cf.ac.uk/Ray.Tracing/
Ray Tracing home page - list of pointers to many freeware ray tracers
ii) ftp://ftp-graphics.stanford.edu/pub/Graphics/RTNews/html/rtnv6n3.html#art4
Summary of free ray traces
iii) http://www-graphics.stanford.edu/~cek/rayshade/rayshade.html
Rayshade is a popular ray tracer.
iv) http://www.coast.net/simtel/win3/gis/3dem14.zip
3DEM (version 1.4) is a 3D ray tracing program for Windows 3.1 and Windows 95.
It can produce landscape scenes either as a single view, left or right eye
views for stereographic viewing, or combined red-blue anaglyphs. It can also
produce scenes from the NASA Viking Orbiter digital maps. It is freeware.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. COMMERCIAL DEVELOPERS
-------------------------
This section contains the software developed at organisations which are
relatively low priced and descriptions/demonstrations are available
on the net.
i) http://www.aescon.com/rockware/index.htm
Rockware Inc. is a retailer of software for the geosciences. They have
placed their catalog description on the web, at:
   http://www.aescon.com/rockware/products.htm
ii) http://gil.ipswichcity.qld.gov.au/comm/pest/index.html
Watermark Computing's web page has a description of its PEST software suite
for model-independent non-linear parameter estimation. There are also
links to MODFLOW utilities.
iii) http://www.et.byu.edu/~geos/software/wms/wms.html
Jim Nelson has been developing Basin Delineation software since 1990. It
runs under Unix or Windows. There is a free demo version.
  -- http://www.et.byu.edu/~geos/software/#software
  Other software from the ECGL site includes WMS (Water Shed Modeling
  System), FastTAB (hydrodynamic modeling system), FastSEEP (automatic
  seepage modeling) and Surface-Water Modeling
iv) http://www.silverplatter.com/catalog/erldb.html
Silverplatter Products on the Internet. Silverplatter market a number of
databases on CD-ROM. One of these, Geo-REF, is of interest to geoscientists.
You can download trial versions of their products or get a guest account.
See American Geological Institute in part 1 for GeoRef Newsletter.
v) http://www.nr.no/home/SAND/
Statistical Analysis of Natural Resource Data (SAND) specialises in
software for geostatistical analysis for reservoir evaluation and delineation.
Software includes CONTSIM, HAVANAH, SEQUENCE and HORIZON. Has links to
other sites in geostatistics, statistics and stochostic models.
vi) http://www.stratmap.com
Strategic Mapping Inc. (SMI) develops and markets the Atlas range of GIS
products for Dos and Windows. A demo version of the Windows package can be
downloaded. Info on the AGIS-L Internet Atlas GIS user group. Also links
other GIS resources.
vii) http://triton.cms.udel.edu/~oliver/gislist.html
The GIS Software Listing of Commercial Developers by Oliver Weatherbee.
Does contain some shareware locations.
viii) http://www.mathworks.com/
MatLab is Visualisation Software from Mathworks. The site includes news,
notes, faq, technical questions and user contributed M/MEX files. The
software apparently is used quite alot by oceanography researchers.
ix) http://www.igis.com
IntelliGIS Inc. is a provider of GIS products for the petroleum industry.
Software is Unix and Windows based.
x) http://www.kovcomp.co.uk/
Kovach Computing provide low cost Dos and Windows statistical software.
Shareware versions exist. Products include Oriana (for circular analysis,
rose diagrams and the like) and MVSP (multi-variate statistics).
xi) http://www.dlsr.com.au/
Digital Land Systems Research develop the SAGE GIS system, which includes
Sage GIS, Capture, Cartographer. Demo software is available.
xii) http://www.info-mine.com/products/lynx/
Lynx Geosystems develop and market mine planning software and the Lynx
Geoscience Modeling System. It is for Unix and PC's. They also have a low cost
geology/mining software for educational institutes.
xiii) http://www.petroway.com
Petroway Inc has made available demonstration versions of some of their
software. Included are Automate for Windows (well test interpretation
software) and Winboast (black-oil simulation software).
xiv) http://world.std.com/~able
Able Software Co. produces tools for GIS and Mappping. R2V is a Windows
and NT raster to vector conversion system. Demo software available.
xv) http://www.golden.com/golden/
Golden Software, Inc. make Surfer (a great contouring package) for Dos
and Windows, Grapher for Dos and Windows plus MapViewer. Demo versions
of their software is avalable.
xvi) http://web.ixl.net:8000/consolve/
ConSolve Inc. develope advanced software products for scientists, engineers
etc. Two main products are SitePlanner and SiteView. Demo copy of SiteView
for Windows is available.
xvii) http://www.lgc.com
Landmark Graphics Corp is a supplier of exploration and production
info-systems and services for the Petroleum Industry. They market
software for seismic, well log etc.
  -- http://www.lgc.com/Support/ftpnavigate.html
     FTP Archives Index page, product support
  -- http://www.lgc.com/UserNet/indxisue.html
     UserNet, their technical newsletter, is on-line.
xviii) http://mulberry.com/~pangaea
Pangaea Scientific is a software devoloper for the Earth Sciences. Its
products, mainly for Dos and Windows, include SpheriStat (orientation
analysis), GMM (geological map maker), Quake (earth quake modeling),
Parallax 3D (3D modeling), MetPet (metamorphic composition and reaction
calculation.
xiv) http://ngwww.ucar.edu/
The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) have developed and sell
a graphics/mapping program for 2D and 3D visualisations called NCAR Graphics.
It is for for Unix boxes. For info etc see:
  -- http://ngww.ucar.edu/info/ng4.0.html
  for Version 4.0
  -- http://ngww.ucar.edu/info/ng3.2.1.html
  for Version 3.2.1
xv) http://www.tcicorp.com/
TCI Software develops software for AutoCAD map makers. Their products
include Polymorph, Curvefit2 and Map Accessories.
  -- http://www.tcicorp.com/mapsites.html
  a list of other web sites for autocad mapmakers.
xv) http://www.cuug.ab.ca:8001/~russellj/
Geodyssey Ltd develop and market Hipparchus, a GIS toolkit for C and C++
xvi) http://www.geosoft.co.uk
Geosoft Ltd. at Leed, UK, produce a suite of toolkits for mapping
application development in MS Windows. The products are designed for
programmers to write GIS into their applications.
xvii) http://www.mathsoft.com/
MathSoft distribute the S-Plus Spatial Statistics software, which is designed
to analyse spatially sampled data in fields like the environment, mining,
demography.
xviii) http://www.wasy.de/home_eng.htm
WASY Ltd develop and market (amongst other software) FEFLOW, a finite element
subsurface flow system for Sun and Silicon Graphics workstations.
xix) http://www.wolfram.com/
Wolfram Research, makers of Mathematica (a comprehensive mathematical
library), with a dem version. Also a scientific visualisation gallery.
xx) http://gttserv/lth/rwth-aachen.de/~sp/tt/
Stephan's Technical Thermochemistry Web Page has links to the ChemSage
software collection, including ChemGeo which was developed specifically
for geochemists and geophysicists
xxi) http://www.ermapper.com
ER Mapper is an image processing and mapping package for Windows and Unix
xxii) http://web2.airmail.net/paz/PAZhome.html
Pierre Zippi has a collection of assorted Macintosh software of interest to
those in the Earth Sciences. They are mainly suited for geology,
paleontology and general Earth Sciences, eg Counter, Dipmeter, plots,
Diversity calculator, Log plots, Range Charts Rose diagrams etc.
xxiii) http://www.ace.inter.net/
GridStat is a 3D reservoir characterisation package based on geostatistics.
It runs on Windows and Unix platforms and was developed by Texaco Exploration
and Production Technology.
xxiv) http://www.interlog.com/~dirk/viewlog.html
ViewLog Systems develop and market geophysical data processing and groundwater
modelling software for Dos and Windows. Products include ViewLog, ViewSeis,
ModView (for use with ModFlow) and GridManager. Demo software available.
xxv) http://www.appliedglobal.com
Applied Global Technologies develop and market the WinCAT GIS software
for Windows.
     - ftp://ftp.appliedglobal.com/applied.global.com/usgsview.exe
     The freeware version of their WinCats software is able to view the
     USGS DRG and DOQ (jpeg) imagery files.
xxvi) http://www.waterengr.com
Water Resouces Consulting Services market hydrology and hydraulics software.
They have all the HEC software from the US Army Corps of Engineers, 
including HEC-RAS.
  - http://www.waterengr.com/free.htm
  links to various freeware software such as Dersert, Cepipe, TR-55, SWMM.
xxvii) http://www.xmission.com/~idi/qcvt.htm
Intermountain Digital Computing have released QUADConvert. This software
will take the 28 quadrant images for the LTWG QUAD Lands scene and stitch
them together in 7 fast format image arrays, complete with Rev. B header
in under 5 minutes. It is vailable for Dos, Windows and several Unix systems.
=========================================================================
-- 
Phillip Ingram                      phone (02) 9850 8401
School of Earth Sciences,           fax   (02) 9850 8428
Macquarie University,               email: pingram@laurel.ocs.mq.edu.au
N.S.W., 2109, Australia             alias: Phil.Ingram@mq.edu.au
url: http://atlas.es.mq.edu.au/users/pingram/pingram.html

Kennedy wrote:
: 
: In article <322C6EA8.5791@mindspring.com>, Richard Mentock
:  writes
: >In article , Kennedy
: > wrote:
: >>
: >> >transistors,
: >> William Bradford Shockley : England.
: >> John Bardeen : US
: >> Walter Brattain : China
: >
: >Hey.  What the hell kind of name is Brattain?
: >
: >What are you guys arguing about?  Are you sure?
: >
: Yep, he was born in Xiamen, China, Feb. 10, 1902.
To paraphrase yourself, this makes him Chinese?  
From another post:
: That's a neat interpretation of 'wherever I lay my hat . . .' ;=)
-- 
D.
mentock@mindspring.com
http://www.mindspring.com/~mentock/index.htm

In article <322CB0FC.1D4B@oro.net>, Richard Adams   wrote:
>Once discharged, the affected could still communicate
>via e-mail to post their pleas to sympathetic members.
Just what I need.  Another reason to get junk e-mail.
When did I go from being a "reader" to a "member"?
Why should everyone whose name shows up on line be
forced to asssume responsibility for governing what
others post?
>Although they can't post themselves, their case can
>still be made.
If others will take the time to be their champions.
Sorry, this still sounds grossly unworkable and
un-usenet-like to me.
>All of this would be impacted by whatever rules were
>adopted.  If the rules said someone was excluded for
>a certain period of time unconditionally, for example
>6 months there'd be no way back in until then unless
>they went the RFD / CFV route.  This is the simpliest
>case which is probaby the best.  A more complicated
>case would be to allow another vote to re-admit them.
Great.  Give all the flakes an incentive to cross-post
to news.groups.
>All of this probably wouldn't be necessary since
>most people would just comply, and those that
>couldn't even after a discussion and warning probably
>could never comply and don't belong here.
All this will be completely unnecessary because it will
never be voted in.
>This is
>just my opinion and what really matters is what
>all the group members feel is most workable.
What matters is whether this abomination can
pass a usenet vote, which has a constituency of news
administrators who can provide a sanity check.
>Its a good point that killfiles could be used, but
>they are not universally available for all news
>readers, and present another layer of difficulty
>for newcomers.
Too bad for them.  The usenet custom has always been
to be permissive when there's a technical solution.
Let them get better news readers.  They're available.
>Anyone who was dropping by at
>s.g.g. would just see that more than 50% of the
>stuff was the same off topic discussion which is
>permeating the most of the net.
This is an exaggeration.  The junk on s.g.g is cross posted
to a few other groups.
"Anyone" who is using a capable news reader would not
see cross posted articles more than once.
Auto-moderation has the potential to lead offenders to
post individually to several different groups, defeating
the news reading software's ability to screen out duplicate
articles.
--
    Chuck Karish          karish@mindcraft.com
    (415) 323-9000 x117   karish@pangea.stanford.edu

Archive-name: geology-faq/geosci-resources/part1
Posting-frequency: monthly
Last-modified: 1996/08/28
Using The Web for Earth Sciences Information on the Internet
Part 1: Sites, Registers, Searches and Data
This file was last updated on 28th August, 1996.
This faq is posted to the following news groups:
sci.geo.geology
sci.geo.hydrology
sci.geo.oceanography
comp.infosystems.gis
You can obtain the most recent version of this faq from:
i)  the sci.answers, comp.answers or news.answers news group.
ii) send mail to: mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with the following line
    in the body of the message -
        send usenet/news.answers/geology-faq/geosci-resources/part1
iii) by anonymous ftp to:
     rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/geology-faq/geosci-resources/part1
I also keep two web pages, which are basically the same as the info on the
faq, but with more info. Try:
The Virtual Earth: http://atlas.es.mq.edu.au/users/pingram/v_earth.html
The Soft Earth:    http://atlas.es.mq.edu.au/users/pingram/s_earth.html
This faq is not to be used for commercial gain.
Phillip Ingram
pingram@laurel.ocs.mq.edu.au
http://atlas.es.mq.edu.au/users/pingram/pingram.html
=====================================================================
There is an increasing amount of geosciences information available
on the Internet, and more is becoming available every day. Having
the ability to search out this information is probably more useful
than a list of Earth Sciences sites.
The World Wide Web, with Web browsers such as Mosaic and Netscape, have
become the default standard in cruising the internet. The WWW protocol
can access other internet protocols such as telnet, ftp and gopher,
and implement and access facilities such as mail and UseNet News.
What follows are starting points for internet exploration with a Web browser
for the Earth Sciences. Included is general Web information, Web Indexes for
the Earth Sciences, Searches (Robots, Crawlers, Worms etc), the USGS Web
site, and other special Earth Sciences connections and sites of related
interest.
Part 2 of this FAQ contains resources for software and software sites.
Just as the Web has become the default standard for navigating the
internet, the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) has become the standard
method of specifying a particular object on the internet. A URL has
the general form of:
        protocol://host.domain:port-number/dir/subdir/file
where:  protocol is the type of server to be accessed, such as http,
        gopher, telnet, ftp, news; or service to be implemented such as
        mailto.
        host.domain is the host servers name and domain.
        port-number is the port in which the server is configured to listen
        for requests. If using the protocols default port this entry is not
        necessary. HTTP servers listen, by default, on port 80, gopher
        servers on port 70, telnet on port 23.
        dir/subdir/file is the path and file which is to be accessed. If
        omitted, the default root entry, if applicable, will be accessed.
Modifications of the above are necessary for mailto, news and telnet. Gopher
URLs can appear complicated as Hexadecimal equivalents need to be substituted
for some Ascii characters.
Your web browser needs to be configured to access a News and Mail server
for these two functions to work.
Examples include:
        http://host.domain:80/dir/subdir/html-file
        http://info.cern.ch/default.html
        gopher://host.domain:70/
        gopher://wombat.es.mq.edu.au
        mailto:someone@their.address
        mailto:pingram@laurel.ocs.mq.edu.au
        news:usenet.news.group
        news:sci.geo.geology
        ftp://host.domain/dir/file
        ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu/mirrors/msdos/graphics/gifkit.zip
        telnet://login-name@host.domain:23
        telnet://mars@mars.ocs.mq.edu.au
or      telnet://host.domain
        telnet://laurel.ocs.mq.edu.au
Alterations in July, 1996
-------------------------
- added the Virtual EarthQuake
- added G. Mills GeoWeb
- added PaleoNet sites
- added Data Base Query and Map Generation
- added the FAQ for Schools in Meteorology/Oceanography/Environmental Science
- added Mercator's CyberSites
- added John December's What's New on the Internet
- added John December's Internet Web Text
- added Oliver McBryan's Mother of All BBS
- added EFF's Extended Guide to the Internet
- added The Lake Data Web site
- added the Topex/Posoiden image collection
- added the Phoaks web site
Alterations in August 1996
--------------------------
- modified S.Fijio's site for Hydrographic Maps with the Levitus Data Set
- modified W. Cross' AllInOne Search Page url
- added The Nine Planets page
- added Geochemistry on the Web page
- added SCRIPPS Electronic Periodicals and Texts Page
- added CIESINS RS Thematic Guide
- added the NHRC Newsletter site
- added The Geologists Lifetime Field List
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0. CONTENTS
-----------
0.1 General Web Information
0.2 The USGS Web Sites
0.3 Subject Indexes
  0.3a General Web Indexes
  0.3b Web Indexes for Earth Sciences
  0.3c Gopher Subject Trees
0.4 Web Gateways
  0.4a Hypermail
  0.4b ArchiePlex
  0.4c WAIS/FAQ Gateways
0.5 Searches
  0.5a WWW Searches (Robots, Worms, Crawlers, Spiders etc)
  0.5b Gopher Jughead Searches
  0.5c Gopher Veronica Searches
  0.5d Gopher WAIS Searches
0.6 Special Earth Sciences Connections
0.7 Sites of Related Interest
  0.7a Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs)
  0.7b Environmental Sites
  0.7c GIS, Satellite and Mapping Sites
  0.7d Oceangography Sites
  0.7e Paleontolgy and Museums
  0.7f Petrology and Mineralogy
  0.7g Education and Careers
  0.7h Calendar and Events
  0.7i Other Sites
0.8 FAQs and Resource Guides
  0.8a FAQs at RTFM, MIT
  0.8b Hypertext Resource Guides
0.9 Announcements, New Sites and News Groups
0.10 Listservs and Listserv Information
0.11 Library Servers
0.12 Commercial Organisations
  0.12a Mining/Exploration Information and Newspapers
  0.12b Mapping and GIS
  0.12c Geology Information
0.13 Journals and Bulletins
0.14 Electronic Preprints and Supplements
0.15 Jobs
0.16 Geological Surveys and Organisations
-----------------------------------------------------------------
1. General Web Information
--------------------------
i) The WWW Initiative
    http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html
ii) WWW Summary
    http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/Summary.html
iii) Entering the WWW, A Guide to Cyberspace by Kevin Hughes
   http://www.eit.com/web/www.guide/
iv) The List of WWW Servers
   http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/DataSources/bySubject/Servers.html
v) W3 Clients
   http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/DataSources/bySubject/Clients.html
vi) WWW Wanderers, Spiders and Robots
   http://web.nexor.co.uk/mak/doc/robots/robots.html
vii) List of Robots
   http://web.nexor.co.uk/mak/doc/robots/active.html
viii) A WWW Primer
   http://www.vuw.ac.nz/who/Nathan.Torkington/ideas/www-primer.html
ix) Special Internet Connections
   http://www.uwm.edu/Mirror/inet.services.html
x) WWW/Mosaic Training Material from the USGS
   http://info.er.usgs.gov:4444/train
xi) Internet Resources from the USGS
   http://www.usgs.gov/network/resources.html
xii) Internet Guides and Papers from Telstra Corporation (Australia)
   http://www.telstra.com.au/guide.html
xiii) HTML-3 Primer
   http://lake.canberra.edu.au/pwb/html3/Contents.html
xix) A Self Guided Tour of The Internet
   http://www.geosc.uh.edu/anon.internet
xx) The WWW FAQ Page
   http://www.boutell.com/faq/
xxi) Common Internet File Formats, plus links, compiled by Perlman and Kallen
   http://www.matisse.net/files/formats.html
xxii) John December's Internet Web Text - on how to use the Internet
   http://www.december.com/web/text/index.html
xxiii) EFF's Extended Guide to the Internet
   http://www.hep.net/documents/eegtti.html
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
2. The USGS Web Sites
--------------------
i) The USGS home page:
    http://www.usgs.gov/
ii) The USGS What's New page
    http://internet.er.usgs.gov/whats-new/whats-new.html
iii) Water Resources:
    http://h2o.er.usgs.gov/
iv) National Mapping Information:
    http://www-nmd.usgs.gov/
v)  Data Products:
    http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod/index.html
vi)  Publications:
    http://www.usgs.gov/data/geologic/index.html
vii)  National Geospatial Data Clearinghouse
    http://nsdi.usgs.gov/nsdi/
viii)  Geographic Information Systems
    http://www.usgs.gov/research/gis/title.html
ix)  FGDC - Manual of Geographic Data Products
    http://www.usgs.gov/fgdc-catalog/title.html
x)   GeoData Products Index
    http://www.usgs.gov/doc/edchome/ndcdb/ndcdb.html
xi) The USGS Water Resources Division in Colorado:
   http://webserver.cr.usgs.gov/
xii) The USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory (and links to
   the Alaskan and Hawaiin Volcano Observatories):
   http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/home.html
xiii) USGS Hawaii Volcano Watch Reports
   http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/hvo/
xiv) Marine Geology, National Marine and Coastal Geology Program
   http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov
xv) Earthquake Information from Menlo Park:
   http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/
xvi) USGS Global Change Research Program
   http://geochange.er.usgs.gov/
xvii) USGS Morrison Research Initiative
   http://yuma.colostate.edu/~cwis70/morrison.html
xix) USGS Minerals Page
   http://minerals.er.usgs.gov
xx) Internet Resources
   http://bramble.er.usgs.gov/internetresources.html
xxi) USGS Branch of Geochemistry
   http://helios.cr.usgs.gov/
xxii) US GeoData FTP Access
   http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/doc/edchome/ndcdb/ndcdb.html
xxiii) The National Earthquake Information Center
   http://wwwneic.cr.usgs.gov/
xxiv) The USGS Marine server
   http://marine.usgs.gov/
--------------------------------------------------------------------
3) SUBJECT INDEXES
------------------
3a. General Web Indexes
i) Yahoo (a very popular starting point, includes a search engine)
   http://www.yahoo.com
ii) The Whole Internet Catalog
   http://nearnet.gnn.com/wic/index.html
iii) Zilker Internet Park
   http://www.zilker.net
iv) Einet GALAXY
   http://galaxy.einet.net
v) The ClearingHouse from U. Michigan
   http://www.lib.umich.edu/chhome.html
vi) Oliver McBryan's Mother of All BBS's
   http://wwwmbb.cs.colorado.edu/~mcbryan/bb/summary.html
vii) Phoaks links from AT and T
   http://www.phoaks.com/phoaks
3b. Web Indexes for Earth Sciences
Various sites maintain lists of hyperlinks to other servers. These
are registers, virtual libraries and meta-indexes. They are good
starting points to explore the web on a particular subject. Many html-ised
resource guides (see Section 8) can also be considered to be registers.
i) The latest on-line version of ORES (B. Thoen & T. Smith)
This site is, or will be, one of the most comprehensive on-line documents
available for geoscientists. It is very well structured. Each geoscientific
field has web pages in each of the following catagories: Mailing Lists, News
Groups, Documents and FAQs, Journals and Periodicals, Data and Software,
Hypermedia Resources.
   http://www.gisnet.com/gis/ores/
or http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/
The fields covered include:
   - Geography and GIS
     http://www.gisnet.com/gis/ores/gis/index.html
   - Geology (many areas)
     http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/geology/index.html
   - Oceanography
     http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/ocean/index.html
   - Weather, meteorology and Climate
     http://www.gisnet.com/gis/ores/weather/index.html
ii) CERN's Virtual Library
The CERN organisation is responsible for the Web. They request new servers
register with them, and these links form the Virtual Library, which is broken
up into catagories. Not all catagories are maintained by CERN. The main
index is at:
    http://www.w3.org/hypertext/DataSources/bySubject/Overview2.html
Other links at:
    - Earth Sciences
      http://www.geo.ucalgary.ca/VL-EarthSciences.html
    - Geophysics
      http://www-crewes.geo.ucalgary.ca/VL-Geophysics.html
    - Oceanography
      http://www.mth.uea.ac.uk/ocean/oceanography.html
    - Remote Sensing
      http://www.vtt.fi/aut/ava/rs/virtual/
    - Crystallography
      http://www.unige.ch/crystal/crystal-index.html
    - Environment
      http://ecosys.drdr.virginia.edu/Environment.html
    - Cartography
      http://geog.gmu.edu/gess/jwc/cartogrefs.html
iii) The University of Houston Anon Server - for those with an interest
in mathematics, computers and Earth Sciences and the publications of
Mathematical Geology and Computers in Geosciences
   http://www.geosc.uh.edu/anon.html
Main categories include:
   - Links to Internet Resources
     http://www.geosc.uh.edu/AnonResources.html
   - Educational Resources - courses on the net
     http://www.geosc.uh.edu/anoneducation.html
   - Geoscience Online resources by Subject Matter
     http://www.geosc.uh.edu/geosciencesresources.html
   - Data Sources
     http://www.geosc.uh.edu/anonData.html
iv) The Geosciences Link at Einet:
   http://galaxy.einet.net/galaxy/Science/Geosciences.html
v) Russ Jacobson's (Dino Russ fame) Links page
   http://128.174.172.76/isgroot/dino/earthsci_links.html
vi) Seismosurfing, Surfing the Internet for Seismic Sites:
   http://www.geophys.washington.edu/seismosurfing.html
vii) Prospectings of Geophysics and Tectonophysics maintained by Dr Furuse
   http://cancer.mss.co.jp/Geophysics/
viii) Mineralogical sites at Clausthal Institute
   http://www.immr.tu-clausthal.de/
ix) EARTHNet Info Server for Dinosaurs and Vertebrate Paleontology
   http://jacobson.isgs.uiuc.edu/
x) The Earth Environmental Science Center's Hydrology Related Internet
Resources
   http://terrassa.pnl.gov:2080/EESC/resourcelist/hydrology.html OR
   http://etd.pnl.gov:2080/hydroweb.html
xi) Zilker Internet Park Geosciences Page
an excellent starting point for Earth Sciences, GIS, GPS and much more:
   http://www.zilker.net/~hal/geoscience
xii) Earth and Environmental Sciences Connections from the USGS
   http://www.usgs.gov/network/science/earth/index.html
xiii) Lists maintained by Steven Schimmrich
  - The Structrural Geology Page
    http://hercules.geology.uiuc.edu/~schimmri/geology/structure.html
xiv) The Ultimate Mineral Science List (Scott Guthery's list from s.g.p)
    http://www.intera.com/Services/UltimateList/
           UltimateMineralScienceList.shtml
xv) Oceanography links via Scripps Institute of Oceanography Library
    http://orpheus.ucsd.edu/sio/guide/guides.html
xvi) Links to GIS and maps from the Bureau of Land Management, CO
    http://www.blm.gov/gis/gishome.html
xvii) GIS Net Sites (ex Frank Smith)
    http://www.hdm.com/gis3.html
xviii) The Norwegian Rockhound's Geology List - over 700 geosciences links
    http://www.uio.no/~hansjb/link.html
ixx) Oceanography Links to the World Wide Web at Uni. British Columbia
    http://www.ocgy.ubc.ca/oceanography.links.html
xx) Comprehensive List of Popular Meta-Indexes from Telstra
    http://www.telstra.com.au/meta/meta.html
xxi) The Dewey Subject Catalog
    http://www.slac.stanford.edu/~clancey/dewey.html
    - Earth Science Section
    http://www.slac.stanford.edu/~clancey/550.html
xxii) GeoWeb Geoscience related links by Gareth Mills
    http://www.pacificnet.net/~gimills/main.html
3c. Gopher Subject Trees
Gopher was a protocol used before the Web became popular. Many
gopher servers were established, but they are now on the decline.
Many gopher sites have connections listed by subject. Included are:
i) Gopher Jewels at USC
  gopher://cwis.usc.edu:70/11/Other_Gophers_and_Information_Resources/
       Gophers_by_Subject/Gopher_Jewels
ii) Nth Carolina State Subject Tree
  gopher://gopher.ncsu.edu:70/11/res_service
iii) Rice University Subject Listing
  gopher://chico.rice.edu:70/11/Subject/
iv) University of Michigan Subject Tree
  gopher://vienna.hh.lib.umich.edu:70/1/
v) University of Texas, Subject Gophers
  gopher://dillon.geo.ep.utexas.edu:70/11/World/SubjectGophers
vi) USC: Research Information by Subject
  gopher://cwis.usc.edu:70/11/LibraryResearch/research/by.subject
vii) UT:Dallas: Internet Information by Subject
  gopher://gopher.utdallas.edu:70/11/subject
viii) Washington and Lee Subject Tree
  gopher://liberty.uc.wlu.edu:70/11/gophers/other
ix) U. of Waterloo Subject Tree
  gopher://watserv2.uwaterloo.ca:70/11/facilities/University%20of
       %20Waterloo%20Library/finding/discipline
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Web Gateways
---------------
4a. Hypermail
Web gateway to Usenet news groups
- http://www.eit.com/software/hypermail/hypermail.html
4b. ArchiePlex
This is a Web gateway to the Archie service
- List of ArchiePlex Servers from NEXOR
   http://pubweb.nexor.co.uk/archie.html
4c. WAIS/FAQ Gateways
Automated hypertexting of FAQs at the news.answers archives
i) Automated/Searchable Usenet FAQ's at Ohio State
  http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu:80/hypertext/faq/usenet/FAQ-List.html
  - Geoscience's FAQs from Ohio State Uni
   http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/bngusenet/sci/geo/top.html
ii) Automated/Searchable Usenet FAQs from Universiteit Utrecht
  http://www.cs.ruu.nl/cgi-bin/faqwais
  - Geosciences FAQ
   http://www.cs.ruu.nl/wais/html/na-dir/geology-faq/.html
iii) Usenet News from Oxford University
   http://www.lib.ox.ac.uk/internet/news/
4d. Miscellaneous
i) Nick Kew's integrated FAQ, threaded bulletin board and searchabe database
    http://clever.net/webthing/
  - remote sensing version
      http://clever.net/webthing/RS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Searches
5a. WWW Searches (Robots, Worms Crawlers, Spiders etc)
------------------------------------------------------
Web searches seek out web sites, search the contents of the pages for
specific data and store the result in a data base. Searches are made
of the data base. The information sought and stored varies from search
engine, so you may have to try several before finding one that meets
your requirements. IMHO Alta Vista and Lycos are hard to beat.
i) Koster's List of Beasties (over 30 web searches)
   http://pubweb.nexor.co.uk/mak/doc/robots/active.html
ii) Harvest (look for brokers)
   http://harvest.cs.colorado.edu/
   - Harvest Broker Query Web Home Pages
     http://town.hall.org/Harvest/brokers/www-home-pages
   - Interface to the Harvest Server Registry, query by subject
     http://harvest.cs.colorado.edu/Harvest/brokers/hsr/query.html
iii) Lycos - home page
   http://lycos.cs.cmu.edu
   - the big catalog search (>5.07 million web pages)
     http://query6.lycos.cs.cmu.edu/lycos-form.html
   - the small catalog search (435k web pages)
     http://agent6.lycos.cs.cmu.edu/lycos-form.html
iv) Jumpstation II
   http://www.stir.ac.uk/jsbin/jsii
v) The Web Crawler
   http://webcrawler.cs.washington.edu/WebCrawler/WebQuery.html
vi) The WWW Worm
   http://www.cs.colorado.edu/home/mcbryan/WWWW.html
vii) The Searchable WWW Catalog
   http://cuiwww.unige.ch/w3catalog
viii) The RBSE URL Search
   http://rbse.jsc.nasa.gov/eichmann/urlsearch.html
ix) The WWW Acronym Server
   http://curia.ucc.ie/info/net/acronyms/acro.html
x) The All In One Search Engine Page
This is from Albany Net, maintained by William Cross. It has assorted
search engines for various catagories (WWW, People, News etc).
   http://www.albany.net/allinone/
xi) Collection of Index and Forms based search engines from Telstra
   http://www.telstra.com.au/meta/search.html
xii) Nexor CUSI Services Gateway
   http://pubweb.nexor.co.uk/public/cusi/doc/list.html
xiii) University of Geneva CUI/W3 Page
   http://cuiwww.unige.ch/meta-index.html
xiv) SearchPlex, Collection of Searches from Oimage
   http://www.oimage.com/tools/search.html
xv) Alta Vista Search Engine from Digital
   http://altavista.digital.com
xvi) The Internet Quick Search Page
   http://atlas.es.mq.edu.au/users/pingram/qsearch.htm
xvii) The Magellan Search
   http://www.mckinley.com/
xviii) MetaCrawler
   http://metacrawlet.cs.washington.edu:8080
xix) Yahoo Search
   http://www.yahoo.com/
5b. Gopher Jughead Searches
---------------------------
Jughead are searches of the upper level menus of gopher servers. To
find out more about jughead, take a look at the Washington & Lee
Jughead Information:
    gopher://liberty.uc.wlu.edu:70/00/gophers/jughead
Some sites offering jughead searches include:
 gopher://liberty.uc.wlu.edu:3002/7
 gopher://veronica.cc.keio.ac.jp:2347/7-tl
 gopher://psi.com:2347/7-tl
 gopher://gopher.bham.ac.uk:3000/7
5c. Gopher Veronica Searches
----------------------------
To find out more about Veronica searches and gopher, look at the
following two documents:
How to Query Veronica:
 gopher://futique.scs.unr.edu:70/00/veronica/how-to-query-veronica
The Veronica FAQ
 gopher://futique.scs.unr.edu:70/00/veronica/veronica-faq
Some sites with Veronica searches include:
 gopher://gopher.psi.com:2347/7
 gopher://nysernet.org:2347/7
 gopher://liberty.uc.wlu.edu:70/11/gophers/veronica
 gopher://archie.au:2347/7
5d. Gopher WAIS Searches
------------------------
WAIS servers hold searchable databases. WAIS stands for Wide Area
Information Servers. Some sites that have WAIS searches include:
gopher://liberty.uc.wlu.edu:70/11/internet/wais/wais-sources
gopher://chico.rice.edu:70/11/OtherGophers/WAIS
gopher://pinus.slu.edu/Wide%20Area%20Information%20Services
       %20databases
gopher://gopher-gw.micro.umn.edu:70/11/WAISes
--------------------------------------------------------------------
6) Special Earth Sciences Connections
-------------------------------------
Some special Earth Science Web connections include:
i) The Bulletin of Global Volcanism Network
   http://nmnhgoph.si.edu/gvn.html
ii) Geology and Geophysics Number Crunchers Forum:
   http://www.glg.ed.ac.uk/crunch
iii) IRIS EOS Volcanogy Team's Home Page:
   http://www.geo.mtu.edu/eos/
iv) The US Environmental Protection Agency
   http://www.epa.gov/
v) NOAA Geosciences Lab:
   http://www.grdl.noaa.gov/
vi) Altimetry Atlas of Indian and Atlantic Oceans by Delft University
   http://dutlru8.lr.tudelft.nl/
vii) Hydro Atlas of the Southern Oceans from Alfred Wegener Institute:
   http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/
viii) Plate Motion Calculator for calculating plate motions:
   http://manbow.ori.u-tokyo.ac.jp/tamaki-html/plate_motion.html
ix) Interactive Hydrographic Map from the Levitus' 1994 data set:
   http://dpo.ori.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ocean/toolmap/Levitus-map.html
x) The Geosciences Information Group from the UK Geol. Soc.
   http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Geol/gig/gig.html
xi) Scott's Earth Sciences Site of the Week
   http://agcwww.bio.ns.ca/misc/geores/sotw/sotw.html
xii) An Animation of the Rotating Earth
   http://agcwww.bio.ns.ca/  (look under "Scientific Info")
xiii) Earthqhake Locator from Bruce Gittings and Edinburgh University
   http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/quakes/quakes.html
xiv) Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
   http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/
  --- RIDGE Multi Beam Synthesis Project for bathymetry data
    http://imager.ldeo.columbia.edu
xv) The Electronic Volcano, edited by Barabara DeFelice & Richard Stoiber
    http://www.dartmouth.edu/pages/rox/volcanoes/elecvolc.html
xvi) Computer Orientated Geological Society (COGS)
    http://www.csn.net/~tbrez
xvii) The Australian National Geoscientific Information System (@ngis)
    http://www.agso.gov.au/information/ngis.html
    -   Questions and Answers on @ngis, plus Australian Links
        http://www.agso.gov.au/information/ngis/angisfaqs.html
xviii) ENVision is an internet-based environmental consulting firm. They have
excellent links to other sites in Geology and Environmental Sciences
  - Geology
  http://www.envision.net/osites/geology/geology.html
  - Environmental Science and Engineering
  http://www.envision.net/osites/environ/envrelat.html
------------------------------------------------------------------------
7) Sites of Related Interest
----------------------------
7a. Distributed Active Archive Centers
--------------------------------------
NASA's EOSDIS program have a number of Web sites which provide researches
with access to the NASA Earth Science Data Collection. These are the
Distributed Active Archive Centers, or DAACs.
The main EOSDIS-DAAC Home Page:
   http://eos.nasa.gov/
The Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) provides  directory-level
information for NASA's EOSDIS program. It also has directory-level
metadata searches. It is located at:
   http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov
The other DAACs include:
i) EROS DAAC (land processes)
   http://sun1.cr.usgs.gov/landdaac/landdaac.html
ii) CIESIN-SEDAC (socioeconomic data & applications for human dimensions
    of global environmental change)
   http://www.ciesin.org/IC/SEDAC/SEDAC.html
iii) Goddard Space Flight Center (global biosphere, atmospheric dynamics
     & geophysics)
   http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/
iv) Langley Research Center (radiation budget, tropospheric chemistry,
     clouds & aerosols)
    http://eosdis.larc.nasa.gov/
v)  Marshall Space Flight Center (hydrologic cycle)
    http://wwwdaac.msfc.nasa.gov
vi)  NOAA Satellite Active Archive (satellite data)
    http://www.saa.noaa.gov
vii) National Snow & Ice Data Center (snow, ice, cryosphere and climate)
    http://eosims.colorado.edu:1733
viii) Oak Ridge National Lab (biogeochemical dynamics)
    http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/
ix)  Physical Oceanography DAAC (Topex/Poseiden images, AVHRR Pathfinder
     data set, oceanography)
    http://podaac-www.jpl.nasa.gov
   --- ftp site at:
     ftp://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/pub
x)   Oceanography from Thoen and Smith's ORES
     http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/ocean/index.html
7b. Environmental Sites
-----------------------
i) ERIN, The Australian Environmental Resources Information Network:
   http://kaos.erin.gov.au/erin.html
ii) EnviroWeb
  http://envirolink.org/
iii) Environmental Resource Center
  http://ftp.clearlake.ibm.com/ERC/HomePage.html
(includes a search of WAIS Environmental databases
  http://ftp.clearlake.ibm.com/ERC/wais.html)
iv) The Disaster Research Newsletter from Natural Hazards Research &
    Applications Center
  http://lorax.geog.scarolina.edu/geogdocs/envdocs/enviro.html
v) The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
   http://www.epa.gov/
vi) INTERA Inc., good links to other sites, plus software index
   http://www.nmia.com/~interags/home/home.html
vii) The NGDC Natural Hazards Data Site
   http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/hazards.html
viii) Environmental Hydrosystems, a water resources and environmental
    conulting firm, offers a lot on the Net.
    http://hydrosystems.com
    - Hot list of environmental, water resources and Earth Science links:
    http://hydrosystems.com/model_link.html
    - EnviroMod Data Warehouse Broker, Search all known pertinent sites
    to groundwater and environmental modelling.
    http://hydrosystems.com/Harvest/brokers/ENVIROMOD/
ix) ENVIROMINE - environmental issues related to the mining industry
   http://www.info-mine.com/technomine/enviromine/env_main.html
x) The Lake Data Web Site - to distribute new global environmental data
and info for large lakes
   http://msslsp.mssl.ucl.ac.uk/orgs/un
7c. GIS, Satellite and Mapping Sites
------------------------------------
This section not only includes gis, satellite observation systems and maps,
but also cartography wrt maps, surveying and related mapping information.
i) Internet GIS and RD Information Sites
   ftp:///gis.queensu.ca/pub/gis/docs/gissites.html
ii) Digital Map Library at Queens University
   http://gis.queensu.ca/pub/www/dml.html
iii) University of Edinburgh, Dept. of Geography, GIS Home Page:
   http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/home/gishome.html
    -- with other pages for Acces Map Preparation:
       http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/pexe/dp
    -- Atlas Application:
       http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/pip/atlas.html
    -- List of GIS WWW Servers
       http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/home/giswww.html
iv) Sol Katz's Geospatial Home Page for Detailed Meta-Data information
   http://www.blm.gov/gis/nsdi.html
v) Virtually Hawaii, at SOEST.
   http://www.satlab.hawaii.edu/space/hawaii/
vi) On-Line Bibliographies at OSU Dept. Geography
   http://thoth.sbs.ohio-state.edu/resources.html
  -- On-line GIS Master Bibliography
     http://thoth.sbs.ohio-state.edu/osugisbib/wais.html
  -- Map Projection Bibliography
     http://thoth.sbs.ohio-state.edu/snyderbib
  -- SIGGRAPH Online Bibliography Database
     http://www.siggraph.org/library/bibliography/bibliography.html
vii) GeoWEB Project
    http://wings.buffalo.edu/geoweb/
viii)  Distributed Spatial Data Library of Australian Mapping (at ERIN)
    http://www.erin.gov.au/dsdl/dsdl.html
ix)   Auslig (Australian Surveying & Land Information Group)
    http://www.auslig.gov.au/welcome.html
x) The Center fo Advanced Spatial Technologies - one of the best GIS sites
    http://www.cast.uark.edu/main.html
  -- Info on GIS resources
    http://www.cast.uark.edu/links/GIS/
  -- Links to many US Geospatial Data sets 
     Resource Guides
    http://www.cast.uark.edu/~sp/hunt.html
xi) Geography and GIS from Thoen and Smith's ORES
     http://www.gisnet.com/gis/ores/gis/index.html
xii) GIS and RS Sites from FAD Dep. Geographical Sc Utrecht University
     http://www.frw.ruu.nl/nicegeo.html
xiii) Frank Smiths GIS Web Pages, extensive collection of web sites
     http://www.io.com/~frank/gis.html
xiv) GIS and the Internet maintained by Matthias Werner
     http://www.bio-geo.uni-karlsruhe.de/gis/gis.htm
   -- English language version
     http://www.bio-geo.uni-karlsruhe.de/gis/gis-engl.htm
xv) Web/GIS Links from B. Thoen
     http://www.gisnet.com/gis/webgis.html
xvi) Cartography/Mapping from U. Texas at Austin
    -- Map Projection Notes by Peter H. Dana
       http://www.utexas.edu/depts/grg/gcraft/notes/mapproj/mapproj.html
    -- Geodetic Datum Overview
       http://www.utexas.edu/depts/grg/gcraft/notes/datum/datum.html
    -- Coordinate Systems Overview
       http://www.utexas.edu/depts/grg/gcraft/notes/coordsys/coordsys.html
xvii) On-Line Resources for Land Surveying
    http://homepage.interaccess.com/~maynard/
xviii) Perry-Castanedu Library Map Collection from U. Texas at Austin
    http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/Map_collection.html
ixx) IDRISI Resource Center, Salzburg
   http://www.edvz.sbg.ac.at/geo/idrisi/irchome.htm
   -  IDRISI Tutorial
      http://www.edvz.sbg.ac.at/geo/idrisi/wwwtutor/tuthome.htm
xx) Remote Sensing/GIS/GPS Site List by Oliver Wetherbee
   http://triton.cms.udel.edu/~oliver/rs_gis.html
xxi) The Meshing Research Corner by Steve Owens
   http://www.ce.cmu.edu/~sowen/mesh.html
xxii) Robert Schneider's Finite Elemenent Mesh Generation Page
   http://www-users.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/~roberts/meshgeneration.html
xxiii) The Global Positioning Systems Home Page by Peter Dana
   http://www.utexas.edu/depts/grg/gcraft/notes/gps/gps.html
xxiv) The Navigation Center from the US Coast Guard
   http://www.navcen.uscg.mil/
  - GPS information
   http://www.navcen.uscg.mil/gps/gps.htm
  - US Differential GPS System Information
   http://www.navcen.uscg.mil/dgps/dgps.htm
  - OMEGA Navigation System Information
   http://www.navcen.uscg.mil/omega/omega.htm
  - Loran-C Information
   http://www.navcen.uscg.mil/loran/loran.htm
xxv) The Graphics File Formats Home Page - another great site
  http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/%7Emxr/gfx
xxvi) GIS Analysis with Arc-Info by Shane Murnion
  http://boris.qub.ac.uk/shane/arc/ARChome.html
xxvii) Dubois Gregoire's AI-Geostatistics Home Page and Mailing List
  http://java.ei.jrc.it/rem/gregoire/
xxviii The Arc Info FAQ Page
  http://www.io.org/~gosho/mi_faq.htm
xxix) Introduction to Remote Sensing by David Schneider
  http://www.geo.mtu.edu/rs/
xxx) The Remote Sensing Tutorial by Nick Short
  http://iifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/ais/IIFS-html/LT/NewTutorial/intro1.html
xxxi) GIS and RS Resources - alphabetised from the U. Utrecht list
  http://www.uni-sb.de/philfak/fb6/fr66/tpw/gis/gis-rs.htn
xxxii) Grass Link 2.0 Public Access GIS (Make a Map of California)
  http://www.regis.berkely.edu/grasslinks/index.html
xxxiii) The Distibuted Spatial Data Laboratory in Australia (Make a Map
of Australia)
  http://kaos.erin.gov.au/cgi-bin/spatial_interface
xxxiv) Odden's Bookmarks
  http://kartoserver.frw.ruu.nl/HTML/oddens.html
xxxv) Data Base Query and Map Generation
  http://www.ssc.msu.edu/~geo/wwwgis.html
xxxvi ) Mercator's CyberSites - links for anything to do with maps
  http://www.mercatomag.com/sitelist.htm
   - Mercator World's Top 10 List
   http://www.mercatomag.con/topten.htm
xxxvii) The Topex/Posoiden Image Collection (from 1992)
   http://podaac-www.jpl.nasa.gov/topex/
xxxviii) CIESINS RS Thematic Guide
   http://www.ciesin.org/TG/RS/RS-home.html
7d. Oceanography Sites
----------------------
i)  Ocean Information Center, OCEANIC Home Page
   http://diu.cms.udel.edu/
ii) Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo
   http://www.ori.o-tokyo.ac.jp/
iii)  National Oceanic Data Center
     http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/
iv) NOAA/NASA Pathfinder Oceans AVHRR SST Data
   http://sst-www.jpl.nasa.gov
v) The Satellite Oceanography Lab at SOEST, U. of Hawaii at Manoa
   http://satftp.soest.hawaii.edu
vi) Oceanography Links to the World Wide Web at Uni. British Columbia
    http://www.ocgy.ubc.ca/oceanography.links.html
vii) The Ocean Color Data & Resources (NASA GSFC DAAC)
    http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/CAMPAIGN_DOCS/OCDST/OB_main.html
7e. Paleontology and Museums
----------------------------
i) The Museum of Paleontology at U. Cal., Berkeley
   http://ucmp1.berkeley.edu/
   -- List of Natural History Resources (museums, exhibits, journals etc)
     http://ucmp1.berkeley.edu/subway/nathist.html
   -- Other Museum Collection Catalogs
     http://ucmp1.berkeley.edu/collections/other.html
   -- The Geological Time Machine
     http://ucmp1.berkeley.edu/timeform.html
ii) The Dino Exhibit from Honolulu Community College
   http://www.hcc.hawaii.edu/dinos/dinos.1.html
iii) Dino Russ's Page
   http://denr1.igis.uiuc.edu:/isgsroot/dinos/dinos_home.html
iv) Hadrosaurus Foulkii
   http://tigger.jvnc.net/~levins/hadrosaurus.html
v) The Museum On-Line Resource Review by the Overall Knowledge Co. Inc.
   http://gate.okc.com/morr/
vi) Science Education On-line (a collection of interactive science museums)
   http://www.cs.cmu.edu:8001/afs/cs/usr/mwm/www/sci.html
vii) The Radiolarian Page (concerned with the Canadian Cordillera)
   http://mindlink.net/fabrice_cordey/rad.htm
viii) Recent and Fossil Bryozoa
   http://www.civgeo.rmit.edu.au/bryozoa/bryozoa.html
ix) Catalog of Bryozoan Types in the Swedish Museum
   http://www.nrm.se/
x) The Electronic Prehistoric Shark Museum
   http://turnpike.net/emporium/C/celestial/epsm.htm
xi) The Berne Natural History Museum
   http://www-nmbe.unibe.ch/
xii) Kevin's Page of Death
   http://www.ualberta.ca/~kbrett/index.html
   - The Trilobite Page
   http://www.ualberta.ca/~kbrett/Trilobites.html
xiii) The Burgess Shale
   http://www.geo.ucalgary.ca/~macrae/Burgess_Shale
xiv) The Royal Tyrrell Museum - a great site
   http://www.tyrrell.com/
    - The Tour
    http://www.tyrrell.com/tyrelmp1.html
    - Other Links
    http://www.tyrrell.com/websites.html
xv) Prem's Fossil Page
   http://dev.uol.com/~prem/fossil.html
    - Other Paleontological Links
    http://dev.uol.com/~prem/othpal.html
xvi) Fossil Vertebrates at the Burke Museum
    http://weber.u.washinghton.edu/~vertp/BurkeVertPage.html
xvii) PaleoNet West (at Berkeley)
    http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/Paleonet
    - PaleoNet East
    http://www.nmh.ac.uk/paleonet
7f. Petrology and Mineralogy
----------------------------
i) Ecole des Mines de Paris
   http://cri.ensmp.fr/mineral/
ii) Berne's Museum of Natural History, Mineralogy and Petrology
   http://nmbe0.unibe.ch/abtew/minpetrcoll.html
iii) The Petrographic Workshop, Physical Science Learning Center
   http://pong.igpp.ucla.edu/pet/pet_intro.html
  - Browse minerals with optical images
    http://pong.igpp.ucla.edu/pet/browse.html
iv) The Norwegian Rockhound
    http://www.uio.no/~hansjb/index.html
v) The Clausthal Mineral Collection
    http://www.immr.tu-clausthal.de/labs/mincoll.html
vi) Bob's Rock Shop (I couldn't think where else to put this one)
    http://www.rtd.com/~bkeller/rockshop/rockshop.html
    -- Jewels from the World Wide Web
    http://www.rtd.com/~bkeller/rockshop/linklist.html
vii) Athena Mineralogy
    http://un2sg1.unige.ch/www/athena/mineral/mineral.html
viii) The Mineral Galleries Home Page from Amethyst - a great catalog and
    description of minerals
    http://mineral.galleries.com/Minerals/SILICATE/Class.htm
ix) Geochemistry on the WWW
    http://www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/classes/Geochemweblinks.HTML
7g. Education and Careers
-------------------------
i)  Statistical Courses with Home Pages - compiled by Tony Rossini
    http://www.biostat.washington.edu/~arossini/stat-services/courses/
ii) The Physical Science Learning Center
   http://pong.igpp.ucla.edu
iii) Geology Courses on the Internet (from the World Learning Center)
   http://wwwhost.cc.utexas.edu/world/instruction/other/#geo
iv) Careers in Geoscience (Canadian bias)
   http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/earth/geoscience/careers.html
v) The Geography Virtual Department (from U. Texas)
   http://www.utexas.edu/depts/grg/virtdept/contents.html
   -- On-line Geography Courses
      http://www.utexas.edu/depts/grg/virtdept/courses/courselist.html
   -- Links to Virtual Resources (GIS, data, maps, cartography etc)
      http://www.utexas.edu/depts/grg/virtdept/resources/contents.html
vi) Eductaional Resources from Class IV Publications
   http://www.olympus.net/personal/class4/ed.html
vii) Links to Education Resources on the Net (from the University of Houston)
   http://www.nsm.uh.edu/anoneducation.html
    - Distance Education On-Line
    http://www.nsm.uh.edu/anon.university
    - The Virtual Professor from Houston Uni,
          a 'must see' site for education
    http://www.nsm.uh.edu/anonfieldtrips.html
    - John Butler's Physical Geology Course
    http://www.nsm.uh.edu/aphysicalgeology.html
viii) The geology@bristol Experience - by P. Browing and J. Williams
    http://www.gly.bris.ac.uk/www/teach/ctiss/ctiss.html
ix) Distance Learning in GIS
   http://www.gisnet.com/GIS_distance_learning.html
x) Dave Water's Resources for Earth Science Teaching
   http://www.earth.ox.ac.uk/~davewa/teaching.html
xi) Jack Rice's (U. Oregon) Introductory Course in Mineralogy
   http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~jrice/geol_311/geol_311.html
xii) Geoscience K12 resources
   http://www.cuug.ab.ca:8001/~johnstos/geosci.html
xiii) Earth System Science Education Program
   http://www.usra.edu/esse/ESSE.html
   - ESSE Notes (good for what's new on the web for geoscience
   http://www.usra.edu/esse/enlstjan96.html
xiv) The Virtual Library for Pamela Gore's Students at DeKalb College
   http://dekalb.dc.peachnet.edu/~pgore/gore.htm
xv) Terry Gordon's WWW Links to Teaching Pages
   http://www.geo.ucalgary.ca/~tmg/web_teach.html
xvi) The Jurassic Reef Park
   http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/UNIuser/igps/JRP/Jurassic_Reef_Park.html
xvii) Coursware at UBC
   http://www.geology.ubc.ca/courseware/courseware.html
   - Introduction to Igneous Petrology
   http://www.science.ubc.ca/~geol202/s/geol.html
xviii) The Virtual Earthquake from Dept. Geological Sciences at Cal. State
   http://vfylab.calstatela.edu/edesktop/VirtApps/VirtualEarthQuake/VQuakeIntro.html
7h. Calendar and Events
-----------------------
i) Petroleum Industry Calendar
   http://www.oslonett.no/home/henning/petreven.htm
ii) Petroleum Calendar
   http://baervan.nmt.edu/events/calendar.html
7i. Other Sites
---------------
i) NSF Geosciences UNIDATA
   http://atm.geo.nsf.gov/
ii) NOAA/NGDC Data Center Home Page
   http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/
  -- World Data Center A
     http://www.ngdc,noaa.gov/wdc/wdcmain.html
  -- National Climatic Data Center
     http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ncdc.html
  -- National Oceanic Data Center
     http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/
  -- Environmental Services Section
     http://esdim.noaa.gov/
iii) Computational Fluid Dynamics Resources Online
   http://eru.dd.chalmers.se/~f88jl/CFD/cfd_online.html
iv) Rocknet, Rock Mechanics
   http://sair019.energylan.sandia.gov:70
v) Groundwater Remediation Project
   http://gwrp.cciw.ca
vi) InterRidge Web Page (for mid-ocean ridges)
   http://www.dur.ac.uk/~dgl0zz1/
vii) Groundwater Modelling Software Internet Resources at BYU (Steve Owens)
   http://www.et.byu.edu/~geos/staff/owens/groundwater.html
viii) Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering Sources at U. Texas, Austin
   http://www.pe.utexas.edu/Dept/Reading/petroleum.html
ix) Other Antarctic Science Survers maintained by ICAIR, NZ
   http://icair.iac.org.nz/science/others.html
x) Australian Resouces Links - links to AGSO, CSIRO's divisions plus more
   http://www.csu.edu.au/links/resources.html
xi) The Geo Exchange - list of applied and commercial geoscience sites
   http://giant.mindlink.net/geo_exchange/index.html
xii) Web Elements (version 2) by Mark Winter at Sheffield
   http://www2.shef.ac.uk/chemistry/web-elements/web-elements-home.html
xiii) Los Alamos National Lab. Periodic Table of the Elements
    http://www-c8.lanl.gov/infosys/html/periodic/periodic-main.html
xiv) The IPFW Geosciences page with the Web Accessable Diffractometer
and the GeoGarden
    http://www.geosci.ipfw.indiana.edu
xv) EUROLAT - European Network on Lateritic Weathering and Global Environment
    http://mindepos.bg.tu-berlin.de/eurolat
xvi) The Geomorphology Lab from Miami University
http://tgl.geology.muohio.edu/gbook/gresources.html
xvii) Giovanni Guglielmo's Research Page on Salt Tectonics (download
images and 3D Visualisations and animations)
http://www.utexas.edu/research/beg/giovanni
xviii) Favourite Internet Resources  of an Unemployed Geologist
(has links to online jobs)
   http://www.avana.net/pages/personal/jwhcpg/
xix) The Nine Planets - a multi-media tour of the Solar System
   http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets.html
   - info on the Earth
   http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/earth.html
xx) The Geologist's Lifetime Field List
  http://www.uc.edu/~ACOMBTY/geologylist.html
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. FAQs and Resource Guides
---------------------------
8a. FAQs from the MIT Archive
-----------------------------
FAQs that have been approved by the *.answers moderators are archived at
Michigan Institute of Technology RTFM server. The following are earth science
related FAQs:
i) Scott Guthery's Petroleum Resources FAQ
   ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/geology-faq/petroleum-resources
ii) Lisa Nyman's GIS FAQ
   ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/geography/infosystems-faq
iii) Ilana Stern's sci.geo.meteorology FAQ
   ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/meteorology/faq-intro
   ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/meteorology/weather-data
   ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/meteorology/research_data
   ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/meteorology/cdroms
   ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/meteorology/net-resources
   ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/meteorology/print-resources
   ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/meteorology/state-climatologists
iv) Ilana Stern's Science Data Formats FAQ
   ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/sci-data-formats
v) Spencer Ramshaw's sci.geo.geology FAQ
   ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/geology-faq/contents
   ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/geology-faq/glossary
   ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/geology-faq/introduction
   ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/geology-faq/faq
   ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/geology-faq/appendices
vi) Nick Kew's Satellite Imagery FAQ
   ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/sci/Satellite-Imagery-FAQ/part1
   ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/sci/Satellite-Imagery-FAQ/part2
   ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/sci/Satellite-Imagery-FAQ/part3
   ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/sci/Satellite-Imagery-FAQ/part4
   ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/sci/Satellite-Imagery-FAQ/part5
8b. Hypertext Resource Guides
-----------------------------
i) Bill Thoen's ORES Document (June, 1994 version)
  (The latest ORES by Bill Thoen and Ted Smith can be found is section 3a)
   http://www.englib.cornell.edu/geology_resources/ORES/earthscience.html
ii) Geoscience's FAQs from Ohio State Uni
   http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/bngusenet/sci/geo/top.html
iii) sci.geo.petroleum FAQ
   http://www.ncpgg.adelaide.edu.au/sgp1.htm
   - partial mirror sites at:
   http://www.glg.ed.ac.uk/~ajsw/doc/sci.geo.petroleum_FAQ.html
   http://home.sol.no/jhuang/docs/faq.html
   http://www.glg.ed.ac.uk/~ajsw/doc/sci.geo.petroleum_FAQ.html
iv) Ilana Stern's sci.data.format FAQ
   http://fits.cv.nrao/traffic/scidataformats/faq.html
v) Ilana Sterns sci.geo.meteorology FAQ
   http://www.ucar.edu/dss/faq/
vi) McDermott's GIS Sites
   ftp://gis.queensu.ca/pub/gis/docs/gissites.html
viii) Scott Yanoff's Special Internet Connections
   http://www.uwm.edu/Mirror/inet.services.html
ix The Clearinghouse for Subject Orientated Internet Resource Guides:
   http://http2.sils.umich.edu/~lou/chome.html
x) Lisa Nyman's GIS FAQ
   http://www.census.gov/ftp/pub/geo/www/faq-index.html
 and is mirrored at:
   http://www.ciesin.org/gisfaq/faq-index.html
xi) Jorg Schulz-Rojahn FAQ On-line Earth Science Journals
   http://www.ncpgg.adelaide.edu.au/journals.htm
xii) Satellite Imagery FAQ (SATFAQ) by Nick Kew et al
- From the Remote Sensing InterFAQ
  http://clever.net/webthing/RS
- from various web sites including
    http://www.geog.nottingham.ac.uk/remote/satfaq.html
    http://web20.mindlink.net/geo_exchange/satfaq.html
    http://clever.net/webthing/people/nick/satfaq.html
xiii) Documents and FAQ's section in heading heading in ORES (some of these
may not yet be posted, but they will be).
     - Geography and GIS
       http://www.gisnet.com/gis/ores/gis/faqs.html
     - Oceanography
       http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/ocean/faqs.html
     - Geology (General)
       http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/geology/geology/faqs.html
     - Volcanology
       http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/geology/volcano/faqs.html
     - Geochemsitry
       http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/geology/geochem/faqs.html
     - Geophysics
       http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/geology/geophx/faqs.html
     - Hydrology
       http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/geology/hydo/faqs.html
     - Paleontology
       http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/geology/paleo/faqs.html
xiv) A Hypertext version of the SAIF FAQ by Dale Lutz (SAIF = Spatial Archive
Interchange Format)
  http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/srmb/saiffaq.html
    - the top level page for SAIF is at:
    http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/srmb/saif.html
xv) Robert Grumbine's FAQ on Schools in Meteorology/Oceanography/
Environmental Science
  http://www.access.digex.net/~rmg3/
--------------------------------------------------------------------
9. Announcements, New Sites and News Groups
-------------------------------------------
Magazine style web sites, various internet based organisations
and other services provide a summary of what's new on the net
which have been geaned from various news groups and mailing lists.
Also included are sites with FAQ's and usenet news groups.
Note that some of these sites mau not be keeping their information
current.
i) The Scout Report by InterNIC
  http://rs.internic.net/scout/report
    - the current issue
    http://rs.internic.net/scout/report/current/
    - the archives
    http://rs.internic.net/scout/report/archive/
    - search the archives
    http://rs.internic.net/Archietect/AT-scout_reportquery.html
ii) WebNews
  http://twinbrook.cis.uab.edu:70/webNews.80
iii) Internaut
  http://www.zilker.net/users/internaut/index.html
iv) Matilda in Cyberspace
  http://snazzy.anu.edu/Matilda/start.html
v) Exploring Internet Resources at Washington and Lee
  gopher://liberty.uc.wlu.edu:70/11/internet
vi) The NETLink Server
  gopher://honor.uc.wlu.edu:1020/1
vii) Oxford University Libraries Automation Service WWW Server
  http://www.lib.ox.ac.uk/internet/news/
viii) HipLink, hot list archive of comp.infosystems.www.announce
  http://rznext01.rrz.uni-hamburg.de/cgi-bin/HipLinc
ix) All In One Search Engine Page for News
  http://www.albany.net/~wcross/all1srch.html#News
xii) ESSE Notes,  new Earth Science items of interest
  http://www.usra.edu/esse/enlstjan96.html
xiii) John December's What's New on the Internet
  http://www.december.com/cmc/info/
--------------------------------------------------------------------
10) Listservs and Listserv Information
--------------------------------------
10a) General Information and Searching
For a userguide on Listservs by the EARN Organisation:
   http://www.earn.net/lug/notice.html
To search out listservs, mailing lists and the like try:
i) Washington and Lee
 gopher://liberty.uc.wlu.edu:70/11/internet
ii) Presbytarian College Gopher Server
 gopher://cs1.presby.edu:70/11/net-resources/mailing-lists
iii) UK's Mailbase Gopher Server
 gopher://nisp.ncl.ac.uk:70/11/
10b) Listserv's in Geoscientific Areas from ORES
(Note that some documents may not yet be posted).
    - Geography and GIS
      http://www.gisnet.com/gis/ores/gis/mail.html
    - General Geology
      http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/geology/geology/mail.html
    - Geochemistry
      http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/geology/geochem/mail.html
    - Hydrology
      http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/geology/hydro/mail.html
    - Paleontology
      http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/geology/paleo/mail.html
    - Volcanology
      http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/geology/volcano/mail.html
10c) Listservs from TILE.NET (plus newsgroups and ftp sites)
    http://tile.net/
--------------------------------------------------------------------
11. Library Servers
-------------------
i) LibWeb from Washington University
   http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/Libweb/
ii) U. Waterloo Scholarly Societies Project
   http://www.lib.uwaterloo.ca/society/overview.html
iii) BIBSYS Search
   http://www.bibsys.no/search/pube.html
iv) University of Saskatchewan Libraries Information System
   http://moondog.usask.ca/
v) Library Information Servers via the Web
   http://www.whittier.edu/www/html/libweb.html
--------------------------------------------------------------------
12. Commercial Organisations
----------------------------
12a) Mining/Expolration Information and Newspapers
i) Info-Mine: Mining Info On-Line by Robertson Info-Data Inc.
   http://www.info-mine.com
ii) MineNet by Tensor Technology
   http://www.microserve.net:80/~doug/
iii) The Investor Channel
   http://www.wimsey.com/Magnet/mc/index.html
iv) The Northern Miner
   http://www.southam.com/northernminer/
12b) Mapping and GIS
i) Geospatial Data Site by Core Software Technology
   http://www.coresw.com
ii) GIS World Magazine
   http://www.gisworld.com
iii) DeLorme Maps
   http://www.delorme.com
iv) Intergraph Online
   http://www.intergraph.com/
v) ESRI
   http://www.esri.com/
vi) List of Commercial GIS Sites
   http://lorax.geog.scarolina.edu/geodocs/otherdocs/comm.html
vii) Argus Technologies - Desktop Mapping
   http://www.tcel.com/~argus
viii) GeoWeb - Commercial Web Based Services for GIS, GPS and RS Professionals
   http://www.ggrweb.com
12c) General Geology Information
i) The Fossil Company
   http://www.fossil-company.com
   - Comprehensive links to other geology sites
       http://www.fossil-company.com/sites.html
   - Picture Gallery of Fossils
       http://www.fossil-company.com/gallery.html
   - Information on UK Geology
       http://www.fossil-company.com/uk_geology.html
ii) Geoscience Ltd - deep geotechnical services for Oil/Gas
    http://www.demon.co.uk/geosci/
--------------------------------------------------------------------
13. Journals and Bulletins
--------------------------
Many journals and bulletins have started appearing on the Web, either
as text or html documents. Some of the pointers include:
i) Jorg Schulz-Rojahn FAQ On-line Earth Science Journals (sedimentary
and petroleum bias)
   http://www.ncpgg.adelaide.edu.au/journals.htm
ii) Pointers to Journals and Periodicals in ORES (some of these
may not yet be posted, but they will be).
     - Geography and GIS
       http://www.gisnet.com/gis/ores/gis/journals.html
     - Oceanography
       http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/ocean/journals.html
     - Geology (General)
       http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/geology/geology/journals.html
     - Volcanology
       http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/geology/volcano/journals.html
     - Geochemsitry
       http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/geology/geochem/journals.html
     - Geophysics
       http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/geology/geophx/journals.html
     - Hydrology
       http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/geology/hydo/journals.html
     - Paleontology
       http://www.calweb.com/~tcsmith/ores/geology/paleo/journals.html
iii) The Geological Society of America
    http://www.aescon.com/geosociety/pubs/bulletin.htm
iv)  Journal of Metamorphic Geology
    http://www.gly.bris.ac.uk/www/jmp/press.html
v) Geoscience Information Group of The Geological Society Newsletter
    http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Geol/gig/news/newsletters.html
vi) Disaster Research Newsletter from the Natural Hazards Research
    and Applications Center in Boulder, Colorado
     http://lorax.geog.scarolina.edu/geogdocs/envdocs/enviro.html
vii) Elsevier Press - Catalog on the Internet, Physical & Environmental
     Sciences
      http://www.elsevier.nl/catalog/SA2/Menu.html
viii-a) The GeoRef newsletter
   http://agi.umd.edu/agi/agi.html/georef/geonews.html
viii-b) Contents and information on Geotimes Magazine
   gopher://agi.umd.edu:71/11/Geotimes
ix) The Hyperspectrum Newsletter - imaging spectroscopy for remote
   sensing, environmental monitoring, military target detection etc
   http://www.techexpo.com/WWW/opto-knowledge/hyperspectrum
x) SCIENCE Magazine on the Internet
   http://science-mag.aaas.org/science/
xi) The Historical Gazette (Oregon Based - Bridget Smith Editor)
   http://www.aracnet.com/~histgaz
xii) Tropical Geomorphology Newsletter - back issues
   http://www.zikzak.net/tgn
xiii) SCRIPPS Electronic Periodicals & Texts (Biology, Geology-Geophys,
Climate, Oceanography)
   http://scilib.ucsd.edu/sio/guide/publns.htm
xiv) The Natural Hazards Research Centre (at Macquarie Uni) newsletter
   http://www.es.mq.edu.au/NHRC/nhqnew.htm
--------------------------------------------------------------------
14. Electronic Preprints and Supplements
----------------------------------------
A number of academic/research papers are appearing on the Web prior
to and after publication. The first two sites discuss various issues
pertaining to electronic publishing.
i) Journal of Electronic Publishing (University of Michigan Press)
   http://sansfoy.hh.lib.umich.edu:80/jep/
ii) Discussion of Electronic Publishing Issues via MIT
   http://www-cmpo.mit.edu/met_links/copyright.html
iii) Supplements to Atmospheric and Oceanic Publications (at MIT)
   http://www-cmpo.mit.edu/met_links/index.html
iv) Information About Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences E-Prints
   http://www.gfdl.goc/~smg/pointers/announcement.html
v) The Internet Science Journal
   http://www.sci-journal.com/ed/
vi) The Spatial Statistics Preprint Service administerd by Vincent Granville
   http://www.statlab.cam.ac.uk/~vincent/stat/spatial/index.html
--------------------------------------------------------------------
15.  Jobs
---------
i) Ted Smith's GEOSCI-JOBS archive
   ftp://ftp.eskimo.com/u/t/tcsmith/geosco-jobs
ii) JobSearch Links from NCPGG
   http://www.ncpgg.adelaide.edu.au/jobfind.htm
iii) Job Links from Mary Pettengill, U. Texas at Austin
   http://www.pe.utexas.edu/Dept/Reading/pejb.html
iv) GeoWeb GIS/GPS/RS Marketplace (US)
   http://www.ggrweb.com/job.html
--------------------------------------------------------------------
16.  Geological Surveys and Organisations
-----------------------------------------
i)   Australian Geological Survey Organisation
     http://www.agso.gov.au/
ii)  British Geological Survey
     http://www.nkw.ac.uk/bgs/index.html
  -- Geomagnetism Group
       http://ub.nmh.ac.uk/
iii)  Geological Survey of Canada
     http://emr1.emr.ca/gsc/
  -- Geological Survey of Canada, Atlantic
       http://agcwww.bio.ns.ca/
iv)  Geological Survey of Finland
     http://www.gsf.fi/
v)   Geological Society of America
     http://www.aescon.com/geosociety/index.htm
vi)  UK Geological Society
     http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Geol/gig/gig.html
vi)  AAPG
     http://www.geobyte.com/AAPG
vii) Geological Survey of Japan
     http://www.aist.go.jp:7128/
viii) American Geological Institute
     http://agi.umd.edu/agi/agi.html
ix) The Paleontological Society
     http://www.uic.edu/orgs/paleo/homepage.html
x)  The American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists
     http://www.geology.utoronto.ca/AASP
xi) The British Antarctic Survey
     http://www.nerc-bas.ac.uk
xii) The American Geophysical Union
     http://earth.agu.org/kosmos/homepage.html
xiii) Americal Association of Petroleum Geologists
     http://www.NeoSoft.com/aapg/
xiv) The Association of Polish Geomorphologists
     http://hum.amu.edu.pl/~sgp/welcome.html
     -- The Virtual Geomorphologist
     http://hum.amu.edu.pl/~sgp/gw/gw.htm
====================================================================
-- 
Phillip Ingram                      phone (02) 9850 8401
School of Earth Sciences,           fax   (02) 9850 8428
Macquarie University,               email: pingram@laurel.ocs.mq.edu.au
N.S.W., 2109, Australia             alias: Phil.Ingram@mq.edu.au
url: http://atlas.es.mq.edu.au/users/pingram/pingram.html

Terran wrote:
> 
> I make no claim to great knowledge of science (I'm a poet) but I have
> read 'Origins of Species' and Einstein's writings (in the layest
> contexts).  Darwin himself stated that without the discovery of an
> intermediate form much of his theory falls apart.  Granted, when
Darwin was hardpressed here because he clearly claimed that mankind
had descended from the other primates.  Yet he had no evidence of it,
that is the missing link Darwin talked about and it has been found
repetedly.
Creationists disagree because a missing link, once found, is no
longer missing.  They then point to some other gap and ask for the
missing link.
> pressed evolutionists will admit that Evolution is a theory, yet it is
> taught by lesser minds in our schools as fact.  How many windswept
Evolution is both a fact and theory.  Evolution of species has been
observed.  The theory of evolution is an attempt to explain the
observations.  Almost all of science works like this, if you look
closely scientists still talk about the theory of gravity.
> whale bones have been produced from the Indian Ocean to prove that
> whales became Peacocks?  Granted my comment was flip.  I came
> across this thread in a poetry newsgroup after all and had no idea I
Poetry huh?  It's one of the great things about a.a, watch it long
enough and the rest of newsgroups will come to you. :)
> might rise the ire of the adherents to this debate.  Do your work if
> you're a scientist.  Prove Darwin right and I'll write a poem in your
> honor.  Deal?
Go over to talk.origin and ask for the FAQ.  It'll provide enough
evidence to convince anybody that's not to religious to think.  Not
that it's prove Darwin right though, since his theory of evolution has
long been replaced with more modern ones.
Jay Mehaffey

Richard reminds us that you don't have to completely stop the earth's
rotation but rather slow it to one revolution per year.  In fact, you
don't want to completely stop its rotation, if you're trying to cause
one side having eternal night.
   Probably the only way to accomplish this is with gravity.  Either
somehow nudging the moon closer or getting or, as Michael suggested,
introducing an artificial black hole in orbit around the earth.  Once
the desired rotational velocity is reached you could disolve your
artificial black hole.
                                   Bill

Michael W. Fisher wrote:
> 
> In article <322B889B.4B1A@cerca.umontreal.ca>, Pascal Tremblay says...
> > > Lefty KreouzisIf it was true that life evolves toward a more optimal state
> than why
> > life has evolved from the state of a bacteria ( that does not die but
> > divide itself to multiply ...) to a more complexe fragile state?
> >
> > Theories of evolution that suggest that adapting to the environement is
> > the sole motivation for evolution are necessery flawed because more
> > complexe form of life are less stable than simpler form and yet life
> > strive for higher complexity.  Furthermore, those theories do not
> > provide complete or remotely satisfying explanation of the mecanism by
> > which transformation may occur (random genetic mutation is not an a
> > complete explanation, but only a specullative one).
> >
> > Pascal
> 
>         Go to your nearest university library, (it, ~shudder~, should be easy
> since your using--as amazing as it seems--a university e-mail address), and
> check out a copy of _The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity,evolution,
> and Inheritance_, by Ernst Mayer.
> 
>         After you finish perhaps you will at least have some clue about the
> subject you're trying to talk about.
> 
>         Right now your ignorance is painful. It'd be easier to explain an
> internal combustion engine to an aboriginee.
> 
>         Ciao.
> 
> --
>         Michael Fisher, ET1/SS USN ret., lawstudent
> 
>         http://www.sonoma.edu/cthink/Library/intraits.html
> 
>         *               *               *
> 
>      He that would make his own liberty secure,
>      must guard even his enemy from oppression;
>      for if he violates this duty,
>      he establishes a precedent that will reach to himself.
> 
>                                              Thomas Paine
One, you didn't provide any counter argument to mine.  It is nice to 
brag about book you read but it is more convincing to diliver at least
some of the substance that it contains.  If I am so ignorant and my 
argument so primitive, it should be very easy to demolish my arguments. 
Yet I believe I have pointed toward a flaw in Darwin theory.  That 
doesn't mean it is totally wrong and do not represent any facet of the 
nature of biological evolution.
Talking about internal combustion engine, I am a mechanical engineer 
with a master's degree in Computational Fluid Dynamics (finite element 
analysis applied to fluid flow) with a 4.0 GPA.  I don't think I am 
dumb, and although I have not sufficient information so measure your 
knowledge (or lack of ...) about combustion engineer, the most likely 
scenario is that a lawyer does not have much to teach me on that 
particular subject.
Now concerning your rather agressive tone of voice, I must say that in 
my point of view it shows more about your state of mind (read level of 
evolution ... social, phisolophical, emotional, ...get it?) than your 
knowledge and keen intellect  ( I am not judging your intellectual 
ability but only pressing upon you that agressive emotional reactions 
are no substitute for logic ...)
Although biological evolution is not my field of expertize, I think I 
have a right to express my opinions and have a tendency to expect people 
to respond kindly and with intelligent arguments.
By the way, while I am at it, what is your scientific background as a 
law student?  It is my experience that lawyers tend to speek loud 
...among other things my father is a lawyer (and I know many others).
Dare to convince me using logic, 
Pascal

John McCoy wrote:
> 
> Viejo (tomitire@vegas.infi.net) wrote:
> 
> It is utter futility for atheists to argue with creationists, because
> atheists are wrong. You can't win an argument if you are wrong, and that
> is why atheists constantly veer away from my posts and that's why you
> admit that it is utter "futility" to argue with us.
   It's pretty hard to argue with all the fossil evidence that supports
the fact that evolution happened.  It's overwhelming.  Now just how it
happened and what mechanisms caused one species to evolve into another,
is another matter, but that doesn't change the fact that evolution
happened.
   Oh...and the only reason I can see why one would veer away from you
posts is because they're of no substance.
                                      Bill