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In a previous article, ba137@lafn.org (Brian Hutchings) says:
>
>At 12:59 AM 9/11/96 +0000, you wrote:
>>
>>
>>doc.Turi, as you probably know,
>>Richter's conjecture has been amply proven by an ex-USGS-guy
>>in the Bay Area, whose name I forget but who's been on talkradio;
>>in other words, full moons, esp.coincident with perigee,
>>are great times to Escape Los Angeles (or wherever)
>>to a wooden cottage or great outdoors,
>>for some Quality Time with your family!
>>       to use this "success" of yours to propogate the rest
>>of your crappola is par for the course but, if
>>you're going to continue th  behavior, please,
>>at least *try* to make a crack at explaining the difference
>>between sideral & "tropical" astrology -- or
>>are you still using a Ptolemaic ephemerides ?!?
>>
>>
>>--  
>-- 
>There is no dimension without time.  --RBF (Synergetics, 527.01)
>(Brian Hutchings -- ba137@lafn.org)
>
>Dear Friend - Thanks for your note - Again I do not use any astrology you
may have learn, practice or read.  To explain Divine Astrology to you is
very difficult and it takes 16 weeks for my students to grasp the dynamics.
If you are that interested why not commit yourself to learn it?
Thanks again Dr. Turi
Dr.Turi  Astrophile, speaker, teacher, leacturer.
For services, classes, video etc visit my page
http://www.dawn21.com/ads/Dr.Turi.html
For 1996-1997 Universal predictions  visit
http://www.salemctr.com/newage.html
A magic mirror shows nothing to those whose spirit is blind.  God created
the stars and heavens for more than the sake of beauty - He gave them to us
for interpretation so that we may live a more productive life - 
Paracelcus -
-- 
There is no dimension without time.  --RBF (Synergetics, 527.01)
(Brian Hutchings -- ba137@lafn.org)

In a previous article, rb23045@navix.net ("Robert D. Brown") says:
by the way, that machine-tool is some sort of press, obviously.
	anyway, you suggest that most (?) of your posited impacts
on Earth are Moon-related, but begged the question
of their arrangement; Moore's analysis is of craters
on Moon, and he notes telescopic similarities of many of them
with craters in Iceland e.g., of known volcanic origin.
	where you typed "igneous-enriched", did you mean "irridium-" ??...
a great circle is the largest one that can be cut in a sphere,
like the equator; all others are lesser ones...  I was the one
who brought-up Olympus Mons, as a possible correlate
to Mauna Loa, either in your theory or in another one
that'd have to have a new reason for having this obvious "center"
for a "supercontinent cycle".  anyways,
shocked-quartz etc.could be found as the result
of catastrophical plate-mechanics, as when a rift meets a trench (but
not in the "mantle currents" model .-)
	were the Urals created by Velikovsky (just kidding) ??
that other guy gave a nice discussion of "plate" (they're convex,
like upturned "saucers"; eh) strengths, but
the compressive strength of rock is *much* greater
than its tensile strength; in any case,
where are they supposed to go?
>I think I read the Moore work many years ago.  As for "nonrandom features",
>the "non-random" character of impacts on Earth is one of the major theses
>entertained by Herb Shaw in his new book "Craters, Chronologies, and Cosmos:
>A New Theory of Earth (Stanford University Press, 1995, 688 pages, 2000+
>references).  I became familiar with the work after I was asked to review it
>for the Journal of Geologic Education about a year ago.  It is a fascinating
>work, chock full of ideas of the type around which seminars and graduate theses can
>be framed.  For those who don't know Herb Shaw, he is a geologist with the
>USGS in Menlo Park, CA... widely recognized by his peers as a specialist in
>the application of non-linear dynamics and chaos theory to geological
>processes.
>
-- 
There is no dimension without time.  --RBF (Synergetics, 527.01)
(Brian Hutchings -- ba137@lafn.org)

"Robert D. Brown"  wrote:
>I don't know how old you are, but in my lifetime, geologists used to say that all of the impact craters on the 
>other planets and moons were caused by volcanism. RDB 
But Robert, how do you explain the continuity of the geologic section
above and below the 64m yr "depth"? It appears to me from the many
many many well logs I've looked at and the geologic work and
geophysical work that the sediments above, in, and below the Miocene
(for example) are equally complex and simple (ie, there are really
complex situations and then some really "easy" columns to explain). I
don't see how there could be the same magnitudes and types of
sedimentary processes at work before and after a major impact.
And as for plate movement, consider (eg) the mountain which is split
in half.... one half is seen near Big Bear, California and the other
half is someplace up near Santa Cruz. The dates are such that your
scenario can not explain these occurrences and still be able to
explain where the Rockies came from. Uplift in the rocking cause by
enough force to uplift that much stuff would have obliterated
preexistent features between the rim and the imact site. But that is
not what we see, eh?
Jeffrey L. Baldwin, Mind & Vision Computer Systems
"Intelligent Processing Systems for the Energy Industry"
Voice/Fax/Data: (713) 550-4534     (800) MVCSTLM
email: mvcs@gramercy.ios.com       73051.1316@compuserve.com
http://www.worldenergy.solutions/WorldEnergy/Companies/Mind&Vision;/Mind&Vision.HTML;

"Robert D. Brown"  wrote:
[....]
> I have a detailed model of plate tectonic motions that correlate all of Earth's other 
>major mountain 
You mean like a computer program or video of plate motions? What,
exactly? 
[..........]
Jeffrey L. Baldwin, Mind & Vision Computer Systems
"Intelligent Processing Systems for the Energy Industry"
Voice/Fax/Data: (713) 550-4534     (800) MVCSTLM
email: mvcs@gramercy.ios.com       73051.1316@compuserve.com
http://www.worldenergy.solutions/WorldEnergy/Companies/Mind&Vision;/Mind&Vision.HTML;

Excellent idea that I have been pursuing from the other end.  I am a 
member of two professional societies and I work for an industry 
association as an environmental professional.  I have been trying to 
develop a system where an environmental topic or issue is nominated, and 
anyone with something to say can do so - obviously like a newsgroup so 
far - then 'someone' would compile all the messages as a position paper.
I am already that 'someone' for several local issues that would benefit 
from wider input.  Others could act as the 'someone' where they were 
directly involved, or where they would gain benefit e.g. in development 
of their academic career.
Costing is an issue, but what price is the community paying for 
duplicated effort because of the slowness of the current system in 
identifying who is working on what, particularly when some people are 
giving outdated advice.  And in the broadest sense, what price science?
But overall a good concept.

jnhead@anaxamander.lpl.arizona.edu (James N. Head) wrote:
[....]
>SNCs plot "above" the tererstrial fractionation (TF) line by
>about 4 sigma in del 17-O.  HEDs plot below TF by a similar amount. Lunar
>meteorites and tektites (ejecta from terrestrial impacts) differ from 
>TF by much less than one sigma.  
[.......]
I see you found me. BTW, thank you **SO** much for the papers. I mean
to take issue with some of the info there.  Your point here will also
probably be taken to task as well. I'm not ready yet, but the points I
want to argue will deal with the stand dev of the measurements.
Remember that you've said in the past (when I suggested that O
abundance varies all over the place) that O17/O16 v O18/O16 is the
important thing to look at. Magnitudes and variances of just a single
isotope are insufficient to distinguish rock origins. 
But now here is seems that reliance on O17 alone and its info content
(along with the sigma for the measurments) is sufficient. Comment?
As for the other point I want to argue, I basically plan to say
something like: seperation of the "Mars" elemental contents and Earth
elemental contents appears to be not much more than about 2 sigma, and
the sigma are pretty big compared to the magnitude's ranges. With
small sample populations, this (IMHO) indicates a possible premature
conclusion regarding the non-terrestrial nature of AHL84001 (the
supposed life-sign bearing meteorite), especailly with the measurment
problems described in one of the papers.
BTW, why was the 1600C burn-off data eliminated? This data indicated
Earth atmosphere only and yet was eliminated in the report. Why? Does
this indicate contamination or some type of background? What do you
think was the source of the Earth atmosphere at the 1600C
"flash-point"?
>A web search shows that GCA may be online, though I could not connect
>to the server.  Your mileage may vary:
>http://www.elsevier.nl/catalogue
>They might only list the contents instead of the text of the actual
>paper.
I checked the site. A cost of $2200.00+ for one of the reports was
just a little too rich for my blood. 
Jeffrey L. Baldwin, Mind & Vision Computer Systems
"Intelligent Processing Systems for the Energy Industry"
Voice/Fax/Data: (713) 550-4534     (800) MVCSTLM
email: mvcs@gramercy.ios.com       73051.1316@compuserve.com
http://www.worldenergy.solutions/WorldEnergy/Companies/Mind&Vision;/Mind&Vision.HTML;

Richard A. Schumacher wrote:
> 
I 100% agree with all of this.  RDB

In article , s1045099@iplabs.ins.gu.edu.au writes:
>In article  meron@cars3.uchicago.edu writes:
>>From: meron@cars3.uchicago.edu
>>Subject: Re: good engineering
>>Date: Wed, 11 Sep 1996 04:31:35 GMT
>
>>In article , s1045099@iplabs.ins.gu.edu.au writes:
>>>>>
>>>
>>>Tim Flannery suggests that the same process has been occuring in the Pacific 
>>>ever since humans entered that environment.   Because we are such efficient 
>>>predators we have diminished our capacity to support ourselves in an 
>>>environment that we were not evolved for. 
>>>
>>>He claims that such 'future eating' was part of the reason the Maori evolved 
>>>(perhaps not genetically) into such a belligerent race - fighting over 
>>>dwindling resources -  and why on Easter Island, for example, human 
>>>civilisation collapsed.  
>>>
>>>It's an interesting read.
>>>
>>Sounds good.  But you left out the book's title.
>
>Sorry about that.  The book has the ominous title "The Future Eaters".  I 
>think it was published in 1994 but I'm not sure of the publisher.  If you'd 
>like I can send you the details when I get my copy back from my grandfather 
>who is currently borrowing it.
Please do.  It sounds intriguing.
Mati Meron			| "When you argue with a fool,
meron@cars.uchicago.edu		|  chances are he is doing just the same"

The following is a posting for a postdoc and graduate
student opportunities in 3D water-rock interactions model
development and applications.  I am posting this ad for
Dr. Ortoleva of Indiana University, and all questions
should be directed to him.
Also, the deadline for applications is Sept. 30, not Sept. 10.
- AjP
------------------------------------------------------------
Postdoctoral and Graduate Research Positions
in Three-Dimensional Modeling of Sedimentary Basins
The Laboratory for Computational Geodynamics at Indiana 
University is seeking postdoctoral and graduate candidates 
to fill several research positions. The positions are for 
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        basin structural/tectonic modeling;
        quantitative sedimentology;
        incremental stress rock rheology;
        multi-phase reaction-transport theory;
        finite element and difference modeling.  
Backgrounds in fields including petroleum engineering, 
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One project involves modeling salt tectonics using finite 
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Funding for these research programs is secured for three years.  
Positions can start immediately.  Candidates should send a letter 
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email to ortoleva@indiana.edu.
Indiana University is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer.
------------------------------------------------------------

I'm interested in the natural history of the Colorado Plateau but I've 
had difficulty in understanding the boundaries. Virtually every map I've 
seen is slightly different.
Two questions: 1) What defines the plateau; and 2) where can I find 
detailed maps of the plateau?
Many thanks

In article , meron@cars3.uchicago.edu says...
>
>There were pluses and minuses in this lifestyle.  Less labor, that's 
>true, also less risk of plagues due to low population density.  On the 
>other hand less stable food supply (there were always better and worse 
>years and in bad years people starved and the violent death you 
>mention wasn't such a rare occurance.  Hunting carries some risks.  
>Overall it is not easy to weighall these factors and decide which 
>dominate.
>
>What I'm sure is that most of the natural selection for intelligence 
>occured in the pre-agricultural period and not later.  In farming 
>stupidity may carry a penalty but it doesn't have to.  Among hunters 
>(especially those using primitive weapons) on the other hand the 
>longevity of fools is quite limited.
I think that perhaps you have it backwards. I think that intelligence
was selected because the innovator's kids lived. Most predators are
not especially intelligent. All tool makers/users are. That is what
selected intelligence. Whichever one made better tools, had more
food, kids, etc. Not just hunting tools, but digging, cutting, scraping,
fire-handling. All of these activities can contribute to the health
of your offspring. All can benefit from better tools.
That and the social benefits of intelligence.

"Brian C. Reed"  wrote:
[....]
> If your theory is correct we should see a lot more shocked 
>quartz and plagioclase all over the earth. Either included in the 
>rocks or as detrital sediments.
I often "deal" with plag identification in my Pacific rim and
volcaniclastic wireline evaluation work. "Its everywhere, its
everywhere!!" Shocked Q is a different matter. All I mess with is
petrophysical applications, so I wouldn't be able to spot a shocked
from unshocked Q sample even if I had examples of both. 
Still, there are just a whole bunch of other features and minerals on
the Pacific "side" of the rim mountains that indicate a non-impact
origin for the mountains.
Jeffrey L. Baldwin, Mind & Vision Computer Systems
"Intelligent Processing Systems for the Energy Industry"
Voice/Fax/Data: (713) 550-4534     (800) MVCSTLM
email: mvcs@gramercy.ios.com       73051.1316@compuserve.com
http://www.worldenergy.solutions/WorldEnergy/Companies/Mind&Vision;/Mind&Vision.HTML;

Brian Hutchings (ba137@lafn.org) wrote:
: sorry, but I missed the # of the posting where this was raised.
: wouldn't you suppose that the thinness of the Martian atmosphere
: would make for a rather tenuous erosional regime?...  obviously,
: when there was water, it was a lot thicker, if we can't just say that
: water = life (or greatly implies it .-)
The Martian atmospher is cartainly thin, but still thick enough to support
dust storms.  Huge dust storms have been imaged on a number of occasions.
: 	I'd never heard that, about the dimorphism of the poles,
: one being CO2 and the other, H2O; when was that dyscovered?
: does anyone have an opinion about the "face" on Mars?...
: I think, Totally bogus, but I'mn always open to fresh arguments
: (unlike those of the Hoagy Land Rush;
: Buy a Home in Cydonia -- the Earthviews are fabulous and
: it's cheaper than Sedona !-)
Well, The infamous "Monkey Face" is kinda neat, but is nothing more
than a hill shaped like a number "7" with two conical peaks.
If one looks at the "right eyebrow" of the "face" it kinda spoils the
symmetry of what otherwise bears a striking resemblence to a face.
When you realize that the right "eyebrow" is actually a conical peak
on a "7"-shaped ridge, the illusion of a face quickly turns into a
really neat hill weathered out of a big block of rock.
What is more interesting, is the geology of the surrounding area.
There some big, big angular blocks that have been weathered down...
Some of them appear to be absolutely flat, while others have hills
or what looks a lot like buttes (or mesas, if you prefer that term)
an them.  The area sort of resembles
a combination of South Dakota's Badlands, and Nevada's Basin and Range.
It is a really interesting place...  
Glen E. Gardner, Jr.
Glen E. Gardner, Jr.

Brian Hutchings (ba137@lafn.org) wrote:
: sorry, but I missed the # of the posting where this was raised.
: wouldn't you suppose that the thinness of the Martian atmosphere
: would make for a rather tenuous erosional regime?...  obviously,
: when there was water, it was a lot thicker, if we can't just say that
: water = life (or greatly implies it .-)
The Martian atmospher is cartainly thin, but still thick enough to support
dust storms.  Huge dust storms have been imaged on a number of occasions.
: 	I'd never heard that, about the dimorphism of the poles,
: one being CO2 and the other, H2O; when was that dyscovered?
: does anyone have an opinion about the "face" on Mars?...
: I think, Totally bogus, but I'mn always open to fresh arguments
: (unlike those of the Hoagy Land Rush;
: Buy a Home in Cydonia -- the Earthviews are fabulous and
: it's cheaper than Sedona !-)
Well, The infamous "Monkey Face" is kinda neat, but is nothing more
than a hill shaped like a number "7" with two conical peaks.
If one looks at the "right eyebrow" of the "face" it kinda spoils the
symmetry of what otherwise bears a striking resemblence to a face.
When you realize that the right "eyebrow" is actually a conical peak
on a "7"-shaped ridge, the illusion of a face quickly turns into a
really neat hill weathered out of a big block of rock.
What is more interesting, is the geology of the surrounding area.
There some big, big angular blocks that have been weathered down...
Some of them appear to be absolutely flat, while others have hills
or what looks a lot like buttes (or mesas, if you prefer that term)
an them.  The area sort of resembles
a combination of South Dakota's Badlands, and Nevada's Basin and Range.
It is a really interesting place...  
Glen E. Gardner, Jr.
Glen E. Gardner, Jr.

In article <50gif6$7be@te6000.otc.lsu.edu>, rwinsto@lsuvm.sncc.lsu.edu 
(Richard B. Winston) says...
>
>"Anne Veling"  wrote:
>
>>Hi,
>
>>I am doing some research on a book I am writing. Is there anyone who can
>>give me some clues about how a bad guy may stop the earth from rotating
>>around its axis (making China forever dark e.g.)?
>>If the answer is somewhat infeasible, that is no problem. What magnitude 
of
>>strength is necessary for something like that?
>
>One thing you ought to consider is that the earth's rotational
>velocity at the equator is roughly 1600 km/hr. If the planet stops but
>the people don't stop with it, everyone will be killed.
Not necessarily. It's not the velocity change that kills you - it's the rate 
of that change - the acceleration. If the slowdown occured over a long 
enough time interval then nobody would even notice (and - as has been 
pointed out - this is the case in real life).
-- 
-- BEGIN NVGP SIGNATURE Version 0.000001
Frank J Hollis, Mass Spectroscopy, SmithKline Beecham, Welwyn, UK
Frank_Hollis-1@sbphrd.com         or        fjh4@tutor.open.ac.uk
 These opinions have not been passed by seven committes, eleven
sub-committees, six STP working parties and a continuous improvement
 team. So there's no way they could be the opinions of my employer.

Ronald E. Thomas wrote:
. . .
> 
> Year 2000 is the end of a millenium, the year 2001 is the start of the
> next millenium.  So, the world peace crowd has an extra year to get their
> act together. :)
> 
> (Ah, little do the masses know that on New Year's Eve, 1999, they will be
> celebrating the beginning of the last year of the 20th century, not the
> first year of the 21st century.  But, hey, this is "I'm ignorant
> and I'm proud, don't confuss the issue with facts" America here!)
> 
> RonT
> Estes Park, CO
Here! Here!
I'm glad to hear someone pay attention to the truth as much as they do
the details.
Too many fall back on the phrase: "but ya know what I mean."
Regards
-- 
J. Anthony Cavell, PLS            _______              ______
Vice President                   /_____ /   / @ \     /____ /
Navigation Electronics, Inc.    /_____ /===(@ % @)===/____ /
200 Toledo Drive               /______/     \ @ /   /_____/
Lafayette, LA 70506                    "G P S m a n"

Ronald E. Thomas wrote:
. . .
> 
> Year 2000 is the end of a millenium, the year 2001 is the start of the
> next millenium.  So, the world peace crowd has an extra year to get their
> act together. :)
> 
> (Ah, little do the masses know that on New Year's Eve, 1999, they will be
> celebrating the beginning of the last year of the 20th century, not the
> first year of the 21st century.  But, hey, this is "I'm ignorant
> and I'm proud, don't confuss the issue with facts" America here!)
> 
> RonT
> Estes Park, CO
Here! Here!
I'm glad to hear someone pay attention to the truth as much as they do
the details.
Too many fall back on the phrase: "but ya know what I mean."
Regards
-- 
J. Anthony Cavell, PLS            _______              ______
Vice President                   /_____ /   / @ \     /____ /
Navigation Electronics, Inc.    /_____ /===(@ % @)===/____ /
200 Toledo Drive               /______/     \ @ /   /_____/
Lafayette, LA 70506                    "G P S m a n"

In article <32376958.53DB@navix.net>,
Robert D. Brown  wrote:
>Chuck Karish wrote:
>> 
>> I know any number of people who will consider that Mr. Brown's
>> position makes no sense at all, as long as he chooses to
>> ignore geologic data that contradicts his theories.
>
>The best of your stratigraphic data can be provided good
>alternative explanation using the model under development. 
If your concept of "good" encompasses "correct", I doubt it.
>Patience, Chuck, patience.  This is a hobby for me.
Please don't call it science.
--
    Chuck Karish          karish@mindcraft.com
    (415) 323-9000 x117   karish@pangea.stanford.edu

daves@procom.com (David Stinson) writes:
>I have no opinion one oway or the other about the proceedings. I just
>would like those who are discussing it to actually READ the RFD templates
>before complaining about the wording. 
I wish the would-be proponent would also read the clear and simple
instructions on how to go about constructing and submitting an RFD.
news.groups exists as for the sole purpose of discussing newsgroup
organisation, in order to avoid cluttering up groups such as this one
with irrelevant argumentation.  Despite all the verbiage, to the best
of my knowledge, no valid RFD has yet been submitted.  I am confident
that many other readers are, like myself, holding off on entering
comment awaiting its submission to the *appropriate* forum.
Let's get this stuff over to news.groups, where it belongs, and use this
group for the purpose clearly stated in its charter -- discussion of
earthquakes and related phenomena,
Russ

Almost every academic professional society has considered this issue
and many started experiments in the area.
One minor surprise is that some experiments (AIP) found it *more* expensive
to publish a web journal at the same quality as a printed journal,
probably because the screen QC tools aren't as good as for print,
and publishers have to expand their personal to use the new technology.
This may just be a transient phenomena.
Another issue is citations for tenure and promotion.
Academic societies filter out some of the worse papers through peer review.
More important they an index number- publication, volser, page- to be
used in that ever important chain-of-reference.
Furthermore someone has to archive the papers for future accessibility.
For print journals that has mainly been academic libraries.
For electronic journals that may be the academic socities and publishers
themselves with copy sites in approproiate institutions.

In article ,
Tom Williams  wrote:
>If the plates were really that weak, why would we have 'plates'
>_at all_. I mean if they are truly to weak to support tension,
>then why would these really big chunks of rock move as relatively 
>rigid bodies with _comparatively_ little intraplate deformation.
>No matter how you slice it, most of the relative motion, and the
>strain, is accomplished at the margin of the plate.
I recall, although certain parts of my structural geology memory is
fading, that many decades ago Hubbert King (?) did a dimensional
analysis of the forces, materials, and timescales of geologic tectonics
and found the earth's crust essentially has the strength of a liquid
film when you look at geologic scales.

Tom Potter wrote:
> 
> 
> It is my observation that what separates
> man from beast is not "intelligence"
> but the trading instinct.
> 
There is also self-awareness. 
Simply put, the ability to look into a mirror and say: "Hey, that's me"
rather than "Hey, who's that in my house?" ;)
So far Humans, Chimps and possibly Dolphins exhibit self-awareness.
> There seems to be five levels of sophistication
> in living things and their systems.
> These, listed in order of sophistication, are:
> 
> 1. Accept
> 2. Get
> 3. Take
> 4. Share
> 5. Trade
> 
> Trade is superior to the other forms as it
> elevates both the lazy and the industrious.
> 
> I suggest that "trade" has only occured two times.
> There is also a monkey in Japan that trades.
It's getting more and more difficult to find distinguishing features
that apply only to Humans.
Barry.
-- 
E-mail: Barry_Vaughan@hp.com
------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Bosh," answered Grant. "I never said a word against eminent men of 
science. What I complain of is a vague popular philosophy which supposes 
itself to be scientific when it is really nothing but a sort of new 
religion and an uncommonly nasty one." - G.K.Chesterton, TCoQT
------------------------------------------------------------------------
My opinions do not necessarily reflect those of Hewlett-Packard Ltd.

     	
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On 9/9/96 5:05PM, in message <3234245e.68926941@news.esinet.net>, Shack 
Toms  wrote:
> spwebb@iafrica.com (Sean Webb) wrote:
> 
> >Just one question ..
> >
> >How many creationists are non religious ??
> >
> >If the answer is very few, if any (the most likely answer) , then its about religion,
> >nothing to do with science.
> 
> But actually it turns out that you are wrong.   There is very
> little correlation between a person's religion and the likelihood
> he thinks that God created the Earth less than 10,000 years ago.
> 
> cite:
> http://www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/physics/faculty/sokal/afterword_v1a/footnode.html
> #167
> 
> [In the above reference, Professor Sokal has complained about the
> poor quality of science education in the schools and uses the
> widespread belief in creationism to document his case.  He is
> *not* a creationist himself.]
> 
> Shack
Bzzzzt wrong reply.
I didn't ask if the belief in creation was linked to any particular religion.
let me re-phrase ...
are the MAJORITYof Creationists RELIGIOUS ??
wether they be christian ,buddists , lutheran or Diabolists or whatever.
Sean Webb

Hype187  wrote in article
<5182cl$95e@newsbf02.news.aol.com>...
> I have recently enrolled in a class at the University of Hawaii entitled
> Astronomy 281:Space Exploration.  The professor is Dr. Karen Meech, an
> experienced comet astronomer.  I was wondering if you could give me any
> new cutting edge information on comets, for I find them very interesting.
> 
There is the potential for a very interesting an unique interaction between
comets tails and CME's (coronal mass ejections).  The hypothesized
interaction can explain:
A) The asymmetrical distribution between prograde and retrograde moving
comets,
B) The origin of asteroids as "CME Fried Comets",
C) A possible methods for dating the age of the solar system that is based
upon orbital relaxation analysis.
The logic runs like this:
1) Comet tails consist largely of plasma and these tails extend radially
away from the Sun because they are driven by the solar wind.
2) CME's are large masses of solar coronal material that are ejected from
the solar surface via mechanisms that are poorly understood but involve the
sun's magnetic flux wraps.  CME's may attain masses exceeding that of Earth
and display self-gravitation phenomena.  Because CME's are thrown off the
rotating surface of the Sun their relative motions maintain the angular
momentum of the rotating Sun.
3) Draw a diagram on a piece of paper that shows two comets moving along
the same elliptical orbit around the Sun, but in opposite directions.  Now
sketch in mirror-symmetrical path-origins for two different CME's and note
that because of the angular momentum component for CME's there is a parity
breaking geometry between the prograde and retrograde moving comets.  The
prograde moving comet is much more likely to encounter a tail-first
interaction with the CME while the retrograde-moving comet has a greater
probability of having a head-on collision with the CME.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++
How might this explain observational statistics for long, intermediate, and
short period comets?  Consider the statistics (from Marsden catalogue):
Long period comets (periods > 200 years) are in the solar system from every
possible direction and are divided 50-50 between prograde and retrograde
(totally random distribution);
Intermediate period comets (20-199 year periods) average a 28-30 degree
inclination to the ecliptic and only 25% display retrograde orbits;
Short period comets (periods <20 years) move in orbits close to the
ecliptic plane and they all move in prograde orbits.
The "parity-breaking" geometry noted above implies that CME's will tend to
clear comets from the solar system that are moving in a retrograde motion
by virtue of "head-on" collisions that rapidly heat a comet's volatiles,
causing an explosive demise of the comet nucleus.  In contrast, CME's
(wrapped in loops of magnetic flux) will tend to magnetically connect with
prograde moving comet tails, leading to a more gradual cook-off of the
volatiles.  This leads to a consolidation of non-volatile constituents,
e.g. the formation of an asteroid.  
When one examines the plasma-mediated interactions in detail, one discovers
that there are mechanisms that can be seen to convert the parabolic orbits
of long period comets into the elliptical orbits of asteroids.  Note: the
parity-breaking interaction/geometry is maximal in the ecliptic plain
because of the differential rotational velocity of the Sun's surface as a
function of latitude.
Robert D. Brown, M.D.
Pelorus Research Laboratory