Subject: 7th grader has questions for geologists - school project.
From: hcscjo@fast.net (Joanne Grim Borath)
Date: Thu, 31 Oct 1996 01:14:58 GMT
My son, Billy, is a seventh grader at Lincoln Middle School in
Catasauqua, PA. His science class is studying "rocks and minerals"
this quarter, and one of his projects is to ask at least one geologist
12 - 15 questions about being a geologist. He is an "A" student, but
has had trouble getting this project done. We are hoping that at
least one person will take the time to answer his questions. You can
either answer them here, or email them to me (hcscjo@fast.net).
Anyone with a job as a geologist (or someone who's hobbie is geology)
is encouraged to help. Here are the questions:
1) What made you want to become a geologist?
2) How kind of education do you have? (school and degree you have)
3) What kind of job do you have? Is is in your field?
4) What do you like best and dislike most about your job?
5) What is the best geographical area to get a job in the field?
6) What geographic area do you work at?
7) Are there more people looking for jobs in the field, or more jobs
than there are people?
8) What advice can you give to a young person interested in geology
and/or persuing a career in geology?
9) Do you have a favorite kind of rock or mineral that you search
for? If so, what is is and why do you like it so much?
10) What are the qualifications for an entry level job in geology?
11) What different levels can you work up to in your field?
12) What stone have you found that are worth the most and where did
you find them?
13) What is the entry level salary for a geologist?
14) Did anyone inspire you to do what you do?
15) Do you spend more time inside working, or in the field?
Giving your name is optional, but your job title or description, as
well as were you work (geographically, not necessarily company) is
needed. If you can only answer some of the questions, that is fine.
Anything will be helpful!
We both thank you very much! - Joanne Borath
Subject: Research Suggests Most of Earth's Oxygen Supply Produced by Geologic Events
From: baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke)
Date: 31 Oct 1996 03:57 UT
Don Savage
Headquarters, Washington, DC October 29, 1996
(Phone: 202/358-1547)
Diane Farrar
Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA
(Phone: 415/604-9000)
RELEASE: 96-219
RESEARCH SUGGESTS MOST OF EARTH'S OXYGEN SUPPLY WAS PRODUCED BY
GEOLOGIC EVENTS
Refined calculations and new evidence support a
revolutionary suggestion that global-scale geologic events
produced the bulk of Earth's oxygen supply, a NASA scientist
reported today.
Scientists have long believed that oxygen collected in
Earth's early atmosphere as a by-product of plant life from a
process called photosynthesis, in which plants take carbon
dioxide and water to produce organic matter and oxygen. Dr.
David DesMarais, of NASA's Ames Research Center, Mountain
View, CA, first suggested in 1992 a relationship between
oxygen and the collision of continents, the resultant
colossal mountain ranges and increased erosion burying huge
amounts of organic matter in ocean beds.
"Although photosynthesis did provide an oxygen source
strong enough to sustain the amount of existing oxygen, the
creation and assembly of large modern-sized continents was
responsible for early dramatic increases in oxygen,"
DesMarais said.
DesMarais today reported new evidence supporting his
findings at the Geological Society of America meeting in Denver.
DesMarais' research correlates oxygen "surges" in the
atmosphere 2.2 to 2.0 billion years ago with changes in the
amount of carbon stored in Earth's crust at that time.
During that time, several of Earth's "micro" continents
crashed together forming new, stable modern-sized continents.
As the continental fragments collided, towering mountain
ranges formed. Their steep slopes produced rapid erosion and
sedimentation, key to DesMarais' theory.
Organic matter is normally consumed by bacteria and
animals, a process that utilizes oxygen (respiration),
producing energy and carbon dioxide and water as by-products.
According to DesMarais, when huge amounts of organic matter
were buried during cataclysmic collisions, oxygen was freed
to accumulate in Earth's early atmosphere.
"The cycle of photosynthesis (which produces oxygen)
and respiration (where oxygen is consumed) is an almost
break-even process," DesMarais said. Only when large amounts
of organic material are buried in ocean sediments during
tectonic upheavals can the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere
increase substantially, he added.
An independent recent study concludes that
approximately three large continental masses were assembled
between 2.5 and 1.9 billion years ago by the collision of
smaller land masses. Two of these were assembled between 2.2
and 1.9 billion years ago. These collisions formed
Himalayan-class mountains with high rates of sedimentation in
the ocean, burying organic matter.
According to DesMarais, the formation of stable, large
continents also protects and stores larger amounts of organic
carbon for hundreds of millions of years, further allowing
the atmosphere to accumulate large amounts of free oxygen.
Furthermore, new calculations by DesMarais reveal that
the increases in atmospheric oxygen and sulfate (oxidized
sulfur) in seawater, between 2.2 and 2.0 billion years ago
were too large to be explained only by the slow decline in
volcanic activity over Earth's history. The decline in
volcanism had been previously offered as an alternative to
DesMarais' continental evolution hypothesis.
DesMarais' research is supported by the space science
division at the Ames Research Center and the Exobiology
Program in NASA's Office of Space Science, Headquarters,
Washington, DC.
-end-
Subject: Researchers Seek Meteorites in Coal Mines
From: baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke)
Date: 31 Oct 1996 04:22 UT
Researchers Seek Meteorites In Coal Mines
10-28-96
Denver, Colo. -- Looking for a meteorite is like looking for a
needle in a haystack. Looking for fossil meteorites, which fell in
the distant past and are now embedded in sedimentary rock, is even
more difficult, but Penn State researchers think they have a way
to pare down the haystack.
"There are very few known fossil meteorites," says Andrew A.
Sicree, Penn State graduate student and curator of Penn State's
Earth and Mineral Sciences Museum. "In collections worldwide,
there are less than 20 meteorites that fell to Earth more than two
million years ago. Many meteorites are recovered from Antarctica,
but almost all fell in the last million years. If we could find a
reliable source of old meteorites, they would begin to tell us
something about our solar system in the distant past."
Sicree, Dr. David P. Gold, professor of geosciences, and Kevin
Hoover of EES Environmental Group suggest that working coal mines
might be the place to find fossil meteorites in good condition.
Tramp-iron magnets already in use at coal mines could already be
picking up iron meteorites, the researchers told attendees today
(Oct. 28) at the Geological Society of American conference in
Denver.
Coal mines use large magnets to remove iron from the coal stream
to protect equipment down the line. Most of the iron removed is
from hardened steel tools that break or otherwise fall in with the
coal.
"We thought, maybe the magnets are already doing the job and we
just don't know about it," said Sicree. "Hopefully, all we have to
do is look in the tramp metal bins next to the magnets."
After they began visiting coal mines and talking to miners in
Wyoming and Montana, they realized that often there were no bins
next to the magnets and the iron removed from the coal stream was
immediately thrown out or, if it was stored, was not sorted before
it was sent to a reclaimer.
"So far, no iron meteorites, or other types of meteorites have
been found in coal mines," says Sicree. "However, as we talk to
miners and mine owners, they seem willing to save whatever the
magnets collect."
Meteorites come in three general types -- stones, stony-irons and
irons. Only 5 percent of meteorite falls are strongly magnetic and
many of these begin to rust away once they hit the Earth's
surface. The researchers believe that iron meteorites that fell
during the Pennsylvanian age, 275 to 310 million years ago, and
were incorporated into coal seams might be better preserved
because they were sealed off from the atmosphere when they fell
into the swamps that eventually became the coal beds.
"Like other people, miners bring things they've found to the
museum, thinking they are meteorites," says Sicree. "We haven't
found meteorites yet, but we've only just begun to search."
The researchers hope that miners and mine owners will send them
any objects which are picked up by their tramp metal magnets, yet
are obviously not man-made. To this end, the researchers are
contacting mining professionals and distributing information,
including a poster, on this project which is funded by the NASA's
Pennsylvania Space Grant Consortium.
Looking at the coal removed from mines will allow screening of
large amounts of rock and provide a greater chance of finding a
meteorite. The researchers have also begun looking at other mining
operations, such as those for salt, limestone and trona -- a
sodium carbonate mineral.
**aem**
EDITORS: Mr. Sicree may be reached at (814) 865-6427 or
sicree@geosc.psu.edu Dr. Gold is at (814) 865-3934. Mr. Hoover is
at (307) 683-2831.
Contacts:
A'ndrea Elyse Messer (814) 865-9481 (office)
aem1@psuvm.psu.edu or 76520.3240@compuserve.com
Vicki Fong (814) 865-9481 (office) vyf1@psu.edu
Subject: Asteroid Hit at Deadly Oblique Angle 65 Million Years Ago
From: baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke)
Date: 31 Oct 1996 04:30 UT
A link is provided for downloading the color transparencies in this
release (see 2nd paragraph in heading). The URL is:
http://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/1996-97/96-041g.html
*****
The Brown University News Bureau
Distributed October 28, 1996
Contact: Scott Turner
--------------------------------------------------------
The deadly oblique angle
North America hit hard by asteroid strike in Yucatan 65
million years ago
The asteroid that wiped out the dinosaurs was
particularly deadly because it hit the Yucatan peninsula
at an oblique angle, spreading a killing zone of matter
downrange, according to a new study. Color
transparencies are available.
------------------------------------------------------------------
PROVIDENCE, R.I. -- All asteroid-based extinctions great and small
are not alike.
A new study says the asteroid that struck Earth 65 million years
ago and wiped out the dinosaurs was particularly deadly to North
America because it hit the Yucatan peninsula from the southeast at
a 20- to 30-degree angle, spreading the devastating impact of its
energy northwest.
The oblique angle of the asteroid's contact with Earth coupled its
impact energy with that of the atmosphere and planetary surface to
send waves of ground-hugging, vaporous fireballs onward, the study
says. This resulted in an extinction intensity most severe
downrange of the impact in North America.
The study suggests one rationale for the dire consequences of such
an impact: The severity of extinctions that result from an
object's impact on Earth may reflect the incoming object's angle.
"This finding may help us determine what other impacts did to
Earth in the past and what they may do in the future," said Peter
Schultz, professor of geological sciences at Brown University.
Schultz and Steven D'Hondt, professor of oceanography at the
University of Rhode Island, are co-authors of the study in the
November issue of the journal Geology.
The researchers suggest that the relatively low angle of the
Yucatan impact propelled a ballistic fireball downrange into North
America. The fireball carried a two-mile-deep layer of vaporized
rock and other material sheared off the Yucatan. The killing zone
of matter cascaded through the atmosphere at near orbital speed,
across North America and eventually around the globe.
"It was like a nuclear explosion taken north on a jet-powered
sleigh ride," Schultz said. "This was indeed the day the Earth
shook."
As evidence, the researchers show that the horseshoe-shaped
Yucatan crater matches the structure of craters on the moon and
Venus that were created when objects struck those heavenly bodies
at oblique angles.
Venus's thick atmosphere holds in place gases emitted from a
crater after an impact. The researchers studied images of these
corked-in Venusian vapors, which show that gaseous material is
propelled in waves downrange after an object strikes a planetary
surface at an oblique angle.
Schultz used a high-powered gun to recreate the dynamics of an
object striking Earth's surface at a 20- to 30-degree angle. The
experiment produced horseshoe-shaped craters, while high-speed
film captured gas and materials jettisoned downrange.
The researchers said that biological evidence appears to support
their oblique-impact hypothesis. North America, the first region
to experience the fireball, had the most severe extinctions of
plants.
After the devastation, ferns dominated the flora of central North
America. Ferns accounted for 70 to 100 percent of the spore- or
pollen-producing plants in the region after the impact, compared
with only 10 to 40 percent before it. At the base of the food
chain, plants are considered sensitive indicators of environmental
devastation. Because ferns reproduce through the use of hardy
spores, the plants are regarded as key flora in colonizing the
site of a natural disaster.
Plants in parts of the world not downrange from the impact took a
lesser hit from the corridor of incineration. For example, several
ancient evergreen trees found in North America before the impact,
but not after, still grow in parts of Australia and South America.
Modern relatives of these trees, often called "primitive
conifers," include the Norfolk Island pine, Chilean monkey puzzle
and Wollemi pine.
"The basic point of the study is that we can determine the impact
angle of this object and that the angle matters," D'Hondt said.
Most scientists study the aftermath of collisions that caused
Earth's craters as if objects struck the planet at 90-degree
angles, or from directly overhead. But such vertical impacts are
very rare.
An oblique angle of impact may have more deadly global
consequences than a vertical impact, because an oblique impact
should release a greater fraction of impact energy to the
atmosphere and surface target, said Schultz and D'Hondt.
"The study also underscores the point that regional repercussions
can be expected from an Earth-object impact, something scientists
have rarely considered in previous studies of this
65-million-year-old event," D'Hondt said.
######
Subject: Re: The Common Cause of Gravity and Magnetism
From: devens@uoguelph.ca (David L Evens)
Date: 31 Oct 1996 00:14:45 GMT
Why DOES this piece of garbage keep getting reposted?
--
---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------
Ring around the neutron, | "OK, so he's not terribly fearsome.
A pocket full of positrons,| But he certainly took us by surprise!"
A fission, a fusion, +--------------------------------------------------
We all fall down! | "Was anybody in the Maquis working for me?"
---------------------------+--------------------------------------------------
"I'd cut down ever Law in England to get at the Devil!"
"And what man could stand up in the wind that would blow once you'd cut
down all the laws?"
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This message may not be carried on any server which places restrictions
on content.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
e-mail will be posted as I see fit.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: Shallow-depth electrical prospecting and DC software
From: "Eugene V. Pervago"
Date: 31 Oct 1996 11:32:04 +0300
MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Geology, Dept. of Geophysics,
The laboratory of shallow-depth electrical prospecting
of geophysical department at MSU Geological faculty
The scientists of the laboratory are developing algorithms and
computer programs for decision of forward and inverse problems of
resistivity method. The program's products: IPI-1D, IPI-2D, IE2DL
are widely known in Russia and are applied in many countries abroad.
IPI-1D - is a set of programs for processing and
interpretation of VES data within the framework of
horizontally-layered models.
IPI-2D - is a set of programs for processing, visualization
and interpretation of VES data along profiles, received with the
Total Electrical Soundings technology (TES), developed in MSU.
The IPI-2D programs effectively work in 2D inhomogeneous media
and in horizontally-layered media, as their application allows to
suppress distorting influence of near-surface inhomogeneities (NSI
or geological noise) and as a result to increase considerably an
accuracy of interpretation.
IE2DL - the set of the programs for VES data modeling in 2D
inhomogeneous media. IE2DL programs are used for study of
influence of typical inhomogeneities, to choice of an optimum
technology of investigation, to develop interpretation technology
in inhomogeneous media and etc..
Except programs already listed above, our specialists
developed some programs for modeling, studying, visualization and
interpretation of resistivity data in anisotropic media
(anisotropic half-space, two- and multi-layered media with
anisotropic bedrock and for vertical contact of two anisotropic
media). There are also modeling programs for the case of 3D
inhomogeneous media, for inhomogeneous 3D objects in the
half-space and in layered medium.
There are programs of modeling and interpretation of the
electrical soundings data measured on aquatorias for the cases of
floating, bottom and vertical arrays for bottom layers' sounding.
We can model the distribution of electric current lines and
potential isolines in 2D inhomogeneous media. This modeling help
to imagine better an electrical field behavior in inhomogeneous
media and select the optimal technology for such media study.
The investigations of a topographic effect of the earth-air
boundary over inhomogeneous 2D media are also executed.
The main sphere of our practical interests - is the decision
of complex engineering-geological and geoecological problems. The
laboratory has experience of field researches of ecological,
permafrost, archaeological, engineering and ecological objects
(pollution by petroleum, waste deposits, study of low-amplitude
tectonics on the surface over coal deposits, study of a subsurface
at the side of profiles of investigation, including that under
buildings, research the surrounding of pipelines and so on).
We have an experience of researches on shallow-water and
deep-water rivers and ponds, so in walking variants and from
different vessels.
On territories with complicated conditions of electrodes
grounding it is possible to apply special technology of electrical
sounding or profiling without galvanic contacts. This technology
was developed by B.G.Sapognikov (St.Petersburg) and advanced in
MSU. Non-grounding electrical prospecting can be used both in
summer, and in winter seasons.
On any question, mentioned in the present message we can give
the additional information. It was published in three monographs
on resistivity method, in numerous scientific publications. There
are also advertizing information and the detailed instructions to
the sets of computer programs, both in Russian and English language.
Best regards,
Eugene Pervago
==================================================================
Dept. of Geophysics, Geological faculty,
Moscow State University
Moscow, 119899
Russia
t./fax - 7-095-9394963
E-mail: john@geophys.geol.msu.su
Subject: Re: Georef Database Access: any public servers?
From: russ@seismo.demon.co.uk (Russ Evans)
Date: Thu, 31 Oct 1996 09:15:42 +0100
Larry and Andrea Gagnon wrote:
> I would like to know if there are any public access servers which
> allow Georef database access by the general public. Many University
> libraries have these CD-ROM databases, but only for student access.
> Anyone know how to get such access via the Internet?
Basically, Georef is run as a cost-recovery service. The licenses
issued with those University CD-ROMs restrict use to bona-fide members
of the relevant institution, although licensing of the CDs is not
restricted to Universities. Before the days of the CDs, we used to have
an X.25 access account with them in order to do online searches, but the
costs were rather high. (I don't recall the address, but I would be
surprised if it still worked). The bottom line is that there is almost
certainly access via the Internet, but don't expect it to be for free.
You might try asking a search engine such as AltaVista to find sites
with Georef as a component of their name.
Russ
Subject: Re: Three Mars Missions to Launch in Late 1996
From: Frank_Hollis-1@sbphrd.com.see-sig (Triple Quadrophenic)
Date: 31 Oct 1996 09:49:07 GMT
In article <553qf1$c8o@news2.acs.oakland.edu>,
jbartlo@ouchem.chem.oakland.edu (Joseph Bartlo) says...
>
>Many physics texts and even some meteorology ones discuss the
>gravity issue. Ones regarding Geodesy also :) Even if you
>are a meteorologist, you should know what weather is occurring
>above. Please consider these simple definitions :
>
>Gravitational attraction : Attraction proportional to products
> of objects' masses and inversely proportional to square of
> distance between them
>
Yup,
>Gravity : Referring to a planet, net effect of gravitational
> attraction and centrifugal force described by earth rotation
>
Nope. I've never seen this definition, and I doubt that anybody uses it.
Apart, that is, from people who've erroneously stated that increased
planetary rotation decreases gravity and can't admit they made a boo-boo.
--
-- BEGIN NVGP SIGNATURE Version 0.000001
Frank J Hollis, Mass Spectroscopy, SmithKline Beecham, Welwyn, UK
Frank_Hollis-1@sbphrd.com or fjh4@tutor.open.ac.uk
These opinions have not been passed by seven committes, eleven
sub-committees, six STP working parties and a continuous improvement
team. So there's no way they could be the opinions of my employer.
Subject: ANNOUNCE: Geological Survey of the Netherlands (RGD)
From: Eric Maryniak
Date: 31 Oct 1996 11:07:33 GMT
The Geological Survey of the Netherlands (RGD) is pleased to announce
it's web site at:
From the official mission statement:
The RGD ("Rijks Geologische Dienst" in Dutch) is the centre for information
and research on the geology of the Netherlands.
Our subsoil is important in more than one aspect: as well for use of the
surface as for the possible mining of deeper mineral and energy resources.
Sound management of the subsoil of the Netherlands must be based upon
extended knowledge. The RGD is the primary organization that carries this
knowledge of the subsoil of the Netherlands and is therefore the advisor
for governmental bodies, companies and private persons about the dutch
subsoil and the dutch part of the North Sea bottom.
Keywords: Geology, Oil and gas, Mineral resources, Mapping, Hydrogeology,
Environment, Geochemistry, Geological database, Geotechnology,
Geological maps, Public information
Our site includes such features as fuzzy searchable geological maps of the
Netherlands and Europe, searchable library with >6000 book titles and other
publications of interest, various papers and fact sheets and, e.g., an EU
paper on Climate Change and Coastal Evolution in Europe
(URL: ).
Please feel free to visit us, you're very welcome!
Eric Maryniak
Geological Survey of the Netherlands (RGD)
e.maryniak@rgd.nl http://www.rgd.nl/people/e.maryniak/
webmaster@rgd.nl http://www.rgd.nl/english/webmaster/
Subject: Re: Water down a sink.. which way does it run?
From: "John Tauxe"
Date: 31 Oct 1996 13:33:03 GMT
Rick Haver wrote in article
...
> In article <01bbc3ad$535ec960$2f33f3ca@olivier>, "olivier fabre"
> wrote:
>
> Hello from a layman,
> At work the other day, we got into a discussion relating on the
phenomenon
> whereby water runs in clockwise in the north hemisphere and
anti-clockwise
> in the southern hemisphere. (The phenomenon has a name which escapes me
> right now).
>
> However we were stumped when we tried to figure out how water runs at the
> equator.
>
> Cheers
> Olivier
> offabre@gol.com
This is a fascinating question which we addressed as we crossed the equator
on one of the ODP cruises I was on. We filled a sink in the chem lab full
of water and pulled the plug just before crossing latitude 0, and the water
started spiralling down it it's usual fashion. However, as we crossed the
line (marked by a series of bouys in the water, like the ropes marking the
kiddie zone at the pool) the water actually stopped swirling, and reversed
direction! We were all amazed. Of course, we were also all completely
soused from the "wine" we had managed to make from grape juice stolen from
the galley. To this day, I cannot recall which way the swirling went. ;*)
This IS April 1st, right?
- JT
Subject: Trimble GPS For Sale
From: Global Technologies
Date: Thu, 31 Oct 1996 09:44:11 -0800
Hello all,
I have a Trimble Pathfinder Pro XL 12 Channel sub-meter unit for sale.
It comes with
TDC1 datalogger with 4 meg of memory, Asset Surveyor and Pfinder
software, and hard
shell case. All software and firmware is current. I will set the
purchaser up with a 1
year hardware, software, firmware warranty (a $1000.00 value free).
The unit is about 18 months old, and is in excellent condition. It has
hardly been used
since I have had it. The unit is about 18 months old, and I have had it
for six of
those months. I am selling the unit because I am getting out of the
business. I am
asking $6900.00 + Shipping for the unit. If interested please contact
gpsbryan@rbnet.com.
Thanks,
Bryan Hunley
President
Global Technologies
Subject: Re: Einstein Equations Fail
From: "Paul B.Andersen"
Date: Fri, 01 Nov 1996 11:16:14 +0200
Amnon Meyers wrote:
>
> Einstein's velocity sum equation is inconsistent with the KE
> and momentum equations, as shown by plugging in values.
So you have found inconsistency in SR?
A number of people have claimed that the past 91 years.
Yet SR is still considered to be consistent.
Wonder why?
I will however take your word for your ability to
"plug in values" and come up with wrong results. :-)
>
> See
> http://www.autodynamics.org/Professional/velocitysum.html
>
> Warning! You may see that the Autodynamics equations are
> self-consistent, on the same page.
>
> Please show this to your physics professor, teacher, boss, whatever.
> I'd appreciate a response to this. Not talk, but equations that show
> Einstein's theory does work on this example.
>
> Amnon Meyers
At the html page above I found:
>
> v3 = (v1 + v2)/(v1*v2/c^2)
>
> The supporters of the theory don't
> know that, in fact, the velocity sum
> equation doesn't conserve energy and
> momentum, when compared with the
> calculation using SR's KE and
> momentum equations.
>
> Example:
>
> m_v = 600 MeV
>
> KE1 = 50 MeV
>
> v1 = 0.399 652*c
>
> v2 = 0.75*c
>
> v3 = 0.916059*c
>
> Velocity SUM: vs = 0.884525*c
>
> The velocities are different. Energy
> and momentum are not conserved.
It is not very obvious what is meant by the above.
Where are the "plugged in numbers" that should
show that energy and momentum are not conserved?
Interpretation #1:
------------------
A body with speed v1 is added energy and momentum
so that its speed change by v2 to v3.
Initial energy = gamma1*m*c^2
final energy = gamma3*m*c^2
added energy = (gamma3 - gamma1)*m*c^2.
Initial momentum = gamma1*m*v1
final momentum = gamma3*m*v3
added momentum = m*(gamma3*v3 - gamma1*v2)
Energy and momentum are conserved.
However, energy do not increase quadratic with speed or
momentum linear with speed as in Newtons mechanics.
So what?
Interpretation #2:
------------------
If a body has a velocity v1 in an inertial system, it
will have a velocity v3 = (v1 + v2)/(v1*v2/c^2) in an
inertial system with velocity v2 relative to the first.
Kinetic energy and momentum are _not_ invariants.
So what?
At the page:
http://www.autodynamics.org/Professional/accelerator.html
I found:
for a particle in an accelerator:
> Because KE and mass simultaneously increase,
> energy is not conserved. [sic]
So when you add an amount of energy, the energy increases by
a different amount? Would you please show that in detail, Amnon?
The energy of the particle is gamma*m*c^2, where m is rest mass.
Gamma (and the speed) obviously increase when energy is added.
If you use the notion "increasing mass", this mass is gamma*m.
In that case the "increment in mass" is the mass equivalent of
the added energy.
So the "mass increment" and increment in KE is one and
the same thing. When they increase simultaneously, you do
not get the energy twice! (Did you really believe that,Amnon?)
I have not yet studied "autodynamics".
If this is representative, I do not think I will care.
Paul