Subject: Re: compression-after-impact-testing
From: jcolt@scsn.net (Rob&Jen;)
Date: 10 Nov 1996 22:35:28 GMT
In article <32860D7C.9E@winewall.demon.co.uk>, adrian@winewall.demon.co.uk
says...
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>reply to ds3eng@bolton.ac.uk
>Davinder Sandhu
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>I am currently in the middle of a project to build an impact test rig to
carry out
>compression-after-impact tests on composite materials. I would like to hear
from
>anyone who has carried out similar tests so that I may compare my results
with theirs.
>Similarly if anyone knows of any web sites that have information on this
area and in
>particular the related failure theorems, I’d like to hear from you. I’ve
found a few but
>none that allow you to view their results.
>
>--------------138F57E9594B--
>
This is an interested question with a number of variables. CAI will depend,
of course, on the type of composites you have and what you're trying to learn
from the testing. (Damage tolerance vs. damage resistance, maybe GIIc)
There's also a big difference between fabric composites and unidirectional
laminates. I did some CAI tests on RTM laminates I made for my master's
thesis. These were conducted on 65mm square specimens impacted with a
horizontal gas gun. My purpose was to see the effects of resin or sizing on
the fiber, using both carbon and glass fabrics. After impact, the damage is
measured by ultrasound (the accuracy of which is questionable) and a smaller
compression specimen is cut from the whole,I think 25.4mm by 40mm, I'll have
to check.
There are a few standards also out there for CAI. Among these is a Boeing
Standard and some dead weight drop tests.
Anyway, hope this'll help. You might try to reach someone at Virginia Tech
dept. of Engineering Science and Mechanics at http://www.vt.edu.
Hope thiss'll help.
Email if you want more info on the compression test. I should have something
lying around.
Rob Demaree
rdemaree@scsn.net
There
Subject: Re: Polyurethane Foam
From: Brent Viers
Date: Sun, 10 Nov 1996 17:13:34 -0500
Polyurethane foams are mode by taking an isocyanate and reacrting it in
the presence of water. The isocayanate group reacts with water to form
an amine and carbon dioxide-which causes the bubbles which cause the
foaming. Eventually, other isocyanate groups will react with the amine
groups, which then trap in the faom structure. There are several
technical articles about the process (look up "polyurethanes" in the
Encyclopeida of Polymer Science and Engineering Ed. By Mark, Menges,
Overberger, et. al.)
However, most of the foams are made by the Bayer chemical company
(which makes the isocyantaes-water , of course, is free.) Look up their
Web Page for a possible tutorial.
Cynthia Donahey wrote:
>
> How is polyurethane foam made?
> What materials are used?
> Is there any limit to size?
> Besides being an absorbent, what else can it be called? in order of
> importance.
>
> I have been cutting out out old cushions and using them as planters with
> some real interesting and practical results. One of the strangest things
> about these planters is the place where soil and the foam meet. The soil
> seems to slide away from the foam. So do plants, although they will climb
> over nicely. I still don't know if roots will grow through this material.
> Some basics would be appreciated.
--
Brent D. Viers
Department of Chemistry
Polymer Research Center
Mail Location 0172
University of Cincinnati
Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172
Telephones: 513-556-9291
513-556-9290
Fax: 513-556-9239
e-mail:viersbd@ucbeh.san.uc.edu
Subject: Re: Abrasion Resistance
From: Alec Ganopolsky
Date: Mon, 11 Nov 1996 08:08:36 -0800
Jerry P. Solomon wrote:
>
> Can anyone suggest a reference for abrasion resistance of various
> plastic materials. Initially, I am interested in UHMWPE, TFE, and
> other fluorocarbon compounds.
>
> My address is: JPSOLO@CCMAIL.MONSANTO.COM
>
> Thanks in advance for any advice.
>
> Jerry Solomon
> Monsanto Company
Please call Technicoat, Inc. at 201-568-3337.
Regards,
Alec Ganopolsky
Tecnnicoat, Inc. http://www.finishing.com/technicoat
Subject: Re: Thermochromatic Effect
From: dsmall@pcisys.net
Date: Mon, 11 Nov 1996 18:11:05 -0600
X-Article-Creation-Date: Tue Nov 12 00:09:59 1996 GMT
X-Originating-IP-Addr: 207.76.102.135 ()
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Lines: 24
Xref: magma.Mines.EDU sci.polymers:8568 sci.chem:72393
In article <3276FD4A.3C51@greenepa.net> ,
Wayne Goates wrote:
>
> I have a T-shirt that will change color from a more or less drab gray
> color to that of a blue and a yellow when exposed to the UV light of the
> sun. Does anyone know what company markets this Thermochromatic product
> and if so, what is their address? Thanks in advance.
> ----------
> Wayne Goates Email:goat5200@spacelink.msfc.nasa.gov
>
Wayne,
The T-shirt you're referring to is Photochromic (UV light sensitive)-- not
Thermochromic (Heat sensitive). My company, Chromatic Technologies, Inc.,
(www.lightlink.com/cti/) offers both these types of inks, as well as finished
products, like T-shirts and other promotional products.
If you would like further info., please call us at (719) 592-1557.
- Danny
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Subject: Re: Thermochromatic Effect
From: dsmall@pcisys.net
Date: Mon, 11 Nov 1996 18:11:05 -0600
X-Article-Creation-Date: Tue Nov 12 00:09:59 1996 GMT
X-Originating-IP-Addr: 207.76.102.135 ()
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Xref: magma.Mines.EDU sci.polymers:8568 sci.chem:72393
In article <3276FD4A.3C51@greenepa.net> ,
Wayne Goates wrote:
>
> I have a T-shirt that will change color from a more or less drab gray
> color to that of a blue and a yellow when exposed to the UV light of the
> sun. Does anyone know what company markets this Thermochromatic product
> and if so, what is their address? Thanks in advance.
> ----------
> Wayne Goates Email:goat5200@spacelink.msfc.nasa.gov
>
Wayne,
The T-shirt you're referring to is Photochromic (UV light sensitive)-- not
Thermochromic (Heat sensitive). My company, Chromatic Technologies, Inc.,
(www.lightlink.com/cti/) offers both these types of inks, as well as finished
products, like T-shirts and other promotional products.
If you would like further info., please call us at (719) 592-1557.
- Danny
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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Subject: Re: Looking for info on PE Ionomer
From: tony2@bellcore.com (Antoni S. Gozdz)
Date: 12 Nov 1996 03:32:35 GMT
In article <327D6E87.F73@cris.com> Ralph &/or Donna writes:
>Michael Thompson wrote:
>>
>> I am writing a term paper on ionomers in general and PE ionomer and its
>> properties/processing specifically. Unfortunately, there does not seem to
>> be much printed material about ionomers. Any direction is greatly
>> appreciated (e-mail contacts, web pages, databases etc)
>>
>> Thanks in advance.
>
>Primacor(r) resins are commercially available ethylene/acrylic acid
>resins from the Dow Chemical Company.
>
>czere@dow.com
>
or the well-known Surlyn(tm) from DuPont.
BTW, the original poster's claim about the dearth of printed material on
ionomers cannot be taken too seriously... A quick search of several
publicly accessible patent databases (e.g., http://www.qpat.com) will
show why. I don't even venture to guess how many thousands of entries would
be found in Chemical Abstracts (unfortunately, not a freebe).
Tony Gozdz
tony2@bellcore.com
Subject: Desperately needing information re: polymers
From: TODD WEIMER
Date: 12 Nov 1996 05:55:43 GMT
To whom it may concern:
I have some questions regarding polymers and I am uncertain how to source an answer. If my questions enter into your field of expertise, and you can be of some assistance, please respond to my e-mail (any assistance or referrals you can be provided would be incredibly beneficial).
The company I own manufactures golf course yardage markers out of recycled tires. It has been fairly successful but over this last summer some weaknesses with our products have surfaced and we are having problems addressing the problem.
The markers we make are 15" hectagons, approx. 2" thick. The major problem we have experienced is with golfers kicking them as a result of "golfing frustrations". The recycled tire component "crumbles" under consistent impact. We have been attempting to rectify the situation by covering the recycled tire component with a material of a similar flexibility but more resistant to abuse.
The application we have attempted is a two part polyurethane poured (transfer molded ?) into a mold the same size as our yardage marker. We then pull the polyurethane part out of the mould (or tool) and glue it onto the yardage marker. The moulded polyurethane is useful in that we can incorporate golf course logos onto our product whereas before it was difficult to do with our recycled tire component.
We are finding the polyurethane to be too expensive, but because we use it as our bonding agent for the recycled tires, we are somewhat familiar with it and were able to source it out.
Through my research (to date) I have found that a polymer such as PVC or EPDM may work well in our application but I am uncertain if another polymer can be applied in the moulded application I have described.
Briefly, here are questions I am looking to have answered:
1. Is there other polymers than can be poured into molds such as the ones I have described?
(transfer moulded)
2. Would a suitable polymer be UV stable and retain our common colours of red, white, yellow, blue and black over an extended period of time?
3. Would a suitable polymer be resistant enough to withstand golf-cleat traffic?
4. Would a suitable polymer be cheap enough to incorporate into our product? (cheaper than an aromatic polyurethane)
5. Would a suitable polymer be effected in anyway by golf course chemicals? (fertilizers, pesticides etc.)
6. Would a suitable polymer be flexible or have a hardness of 70A - 90A?
As you may have guessed, I am not a chemist nor do I have any knowledge of polymers. I am in desperate need of assistance and finding that up here in Canada there are very few people able to offer me any useful information.
As mentioned, if you can provide me with any information, it would be greatly appreciated.
Hoping to here from you soon,
Todd Weimer
P.S. Because my company deals with recycled products, we like to keep the recycled content as high as possible. A best case scenario for a polymer would be one that could use, I have been informed, "thermoset polymers" as inert fillers. Its "GreeK" to me but I understand it as adding a recycled polymer component to virgin polymer (am I correct in this and is it possible?).
Subject: Desperately needing information re: polymers
From: TODD WEIMER
Date: 12 Nov 1996 05:55:51 GMT
To whom it may concern:
I have some questions regarding polymers and I am uncertain how to source an answer. If my questions enter into your field of expertise, and you can be of some assistance, please respond to my e-mail (any assistance or referrals you can be provided would be incredibly beneficial).
The company I own manufactures golf course yardage markers out of recycled tires. It has been fairly successful but over this last summer some weaknesses with our products have surfaced and we are having problems addressing the problem.
The markers we make are 15" hectagons, approx. 2" thick. The major problem we have experienced is with golfers kicking them as a result of "golfing frustrations". The recycled tire component "crumbles" under consistent impact. We have been attempting to rectify the situation by covering the recycled tire component with a material of a similar flexibility but more resistant to abuse.
The application we have attempted is a two part polyurethane poured (transfer molded ?) into a mold the same size as our yardage marker. We then pull the polyurethane part out of the mould (or tool) and glue it onto the yardage marker. The moulded polyurethane is useful in that we can incorporate golf course logos onto our product whereas before it was difficult to do with our recycled tire component.
We are finding the polyurethane to be too expensive, but because we use it as our bonding agent for the recycled tires, we are somewhat familiar with it and were able to source it out.
Through my research (to date) I have found that a polymer such as PVC or EPDM may work well in our application but I am uncertain if another polymer can be applied in the moulded application I have described.
Briefly, here are questions I am looking to have answered:
1. Is there other polymers than can be poured into molds such as the ones I have described?
(transfer moulded)
2. Would a suitable polymer be UV stable and retain our common colours of red, white, yellow, blue and black over an extended period of time?
3. Would a suitable polymer be resistant enough to withstand golf-cleat traffic?
4. Would a suitable polymer be cheap enough to incorporate into our product? (cheaper than an aromatic polyurethane)
5. Would a suitable polymer be effected in anyway by golf course chemicals? (fertilizers, pesticides etc.)
6. Would a suitable polymer be flexible or have a hardness of 70A - 90A?
As you may have guessed, I am not a chemist nor do I have any knowledge of polymers. I am in desperate need of assistance and finding that up here in Canada there are very few people able to offer me any useful information.
As mentioned, if you can provide me with any information, it would be greatly appreciated.
Hoping to here from you soon,
Todd Weimer
P.S. Because my company deals with recycled products, we like to keep the recycled content as high as possible. A best case scenario for a polymer would be one that could use, I have been informed, "thermoset polymers" as inert fillers. Its "GreeK" to me but I understand it as adding a recycled polymer component to virgin polymer (am I correct in this and is it possible?).
Subject: Coilcoating?
From: Bas de Vries
Date: Tue, 12 Nov 1996 17:14:15 +0900
I am looking for information on what I call coilcoating, but in fact I
have no idea whether that is the proper word.
What I mean is the lamination of sheet metall with a film. This film is
as far as I know a laminate, PET/adh./s-PVC laminate. The laminate is
bonded to the metall using a solvent based PU adhesive.
Does anybody no more? More detail on the adhesive, how is the adhesive
applied, both adhesives applied at the same time, does anybody know
other laminate constructions for this application, is the bonding of
s-PVC without problems, what is the plasticiser in s-PVC, how is the
film caoted on the metall etc.etc. All info is very much appreciated.
Bas