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Subject: Re: Anomalous object near Hale-Bopp? -- From: "David W. Knisely"
Subject: Mars '96 Launch Failure -- From: baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke)
Subject: Re: Could intelligent extraterrestrial life exist in our galaxy? -- From: suk@pobox.com (Peter Kwangjun Suk)
Subject: Re: Comet Hale Bopp: Is there intelligent life on Earth? -- From: bgrems@daheim.ping.at (Bernhard Rems)
Subject: question regarding length of Earth day -- From: Shannon_Mitchell@mindlink.net (Shannon Mitchell)
Subject: Re: Anomalous object near Hale-Bopp? -- From: bgrems@daheim.ping.at (Bernhard Rems)
Subject: Re: "We are on the way to Mars !". Bravo !!!! -- From: david.harris@tcs.wap.org (David L. Harris)
Subject: Re: Crtieria for intelligence (was Could intelligent extraterrestrial life exist in our galaxy?) -- From: ajgunn@senet.com.au (A. J. Gunn)
Subject: Re: They're coming! -- From: Mike Broussard
Subject: Re: Stop that Comet H-B nonsense - here's the FACTS -- From: dkettler@ix.netcom.com(Bruce Daniel Kettler)
Subject: Re: Anomalous object near Hale-Bopp? -- From: lazio@spacenet.tn.cornell.edu (T. Joseph W. Lazio)
Subject: Re: Anomalous object near Hale-Bopp? -- From: davidc@southeast.net
Subject: Re: question regarding length of Earth day -- From: Rodney Small
Subject: Re: hale-bopp - nib1.jpg (1/1) -- From: lazio@spacenet.tn.cornell.edu (T. Joseph W. Lazio)
Subject: Re: Autodynamics -- From: philf@astro.lsa.umich.edu (Phil Fischer)
Subject: Re: Mars '96 Launch Failure -- From: bp887@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (Angel Garcia)
Subject: Re: "We are on the way to Mars !". Bravo !!!! -- From: bp887@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (Angel Garcia)
Subject: Re: Anomalous object near Hale-Bopp? - hale_m14.gif (0/1) -- From: davidc@southeast.net
Subject: Re: Anomalous object near Hale-Bopp? - hale_m14.gif (1/1) -- From: davidc@southeast.net
Subject: Re: WWW: Constructing artificial laser stars -- From: af597@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (John Talbot)
Subject: Re: New Hubble Findings on Quasars Presented on Nov 19 -- From: philf@astro.lsa.umich.edu (Phil Fischer)
Subject: Re: Moon Phases Inverted in S. Hemisphere??? -- From: dweeks@ccnet.com (David M. Weeks)
Subject: Re: Could intelligent extraterrestrial life exist in our galaxy? -- From: claw@ozemail.com.au (Chris Lawson)
Subject: Re: Mars '96 Launch Failure -- From: cjones@gladstone.uoregon.edu (Christopher Michael Jones)
Subject: Re: Mars '96 Launch Failure -- From: DarrenG@cris.com (Darren Garrison)
Subject: Re: WWW: Constructing artificial laser stars -- From: DarrenG@cris.com (Darren Garrison)
Subject: Re: Anomalous object near Hale-Bopp? -- From: ajackson@brokersys.com (aj)
Subject: Re: Could intelligent extraterrestrial life exist in our galaxy? -- From: jwas@ix.netcom.com(jw)
Subject: DOES ANYONE HAVE TLES FOR THE RUSSIAN MARS PROBE???? -- From: rivero@accessone.com (Michael Rivero)

Articles

Subject: Re: Anomalous object near Hale-Bopp?
From: "David W. Knisely"
Date: Sun, 17 Nov 1996 07:23:32 -0800
I found that I was using a very old set of orbital elements for 
Hale-Bopp.  Using DANCE OF THE PLANETS, the bright object in Mr. 
Shramek's image does indeed appear to be the 7.76 magnitude star SAO 
141889.  The mystery is over (now can we just figure out Art Bell? :-)).
-- 
David W. Knisely, KA0CZC   email: dk84538@navix.net     
Prairie Astronomy Club, Inc.  http://www.infoanalytic.com/pac/
Attend the 4th annual NEBRASKA STAR PARTY, AUGUST 2-9th, 1997
BABYLON 5: Our last best hope for QUALITY science fiction.
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Subject: Mars '96 Launch Failure
From: baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov (Ron Baalke)
Date: 17 Nov 1996 05:28 UT
It appears Russia's Mars' 96 launch was not successful.  The spacecraft was
launched into an Earth parking orbit today, but one of the upper stages
apparently did not burn leaving the spacecraft stuck in Earth orbit. 
It appears that the spacecraft will now reenter into Earth's atmosphere.
From the Mars '96 home page - http://www.iki.rssi.ru/mars96/news.htm
   WE HAVE NO REASON FOR CONGRATULATION
   November, 17 - Unsuccessful result of M96 mission
   Mars-96 remains on Earth satellite orbit and will fall on Earth surface
     ___    _____     ___   
    /_ /|  /____/ \  /_ /|      Ron Baalke     | baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov
    | | | |  __ \ /| | | |  Jet Propulsion Lab |
 ___| | | | |__) |/  | | |__   Pasadena, CA    | I am doing basic research, when
/___| | | |  ___/    | |/__ /|                 | I don't know what I'm doing.
|_____|/  |_|/       |_____|/                  | Wernher Von Braun
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Subject: Re: Could intelligent extraterrestrial life exist in our galaxy?
From: suk@pobox.com (Peter Kwangjun Suk)
Date: Sun, 17 Nov 1996 03:17:27 -0400
In article <56ld65$kuo@dfw-ixnews8.ix.netcom.com>, jwas@ix.netcom.com(jw) wrote:
> In <55t3d7$rhi@kocrsv08.delcoelect.com>
> aranders@kosepc01.delcoelect.com (Alan Anderson) writes: 
> >
> >Douglas Hofstadter's _Goedel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid_
> >a wonderful description an intelligent ant colony (named, I believe,
> >"Johant Sebastiant Fermant" -- after it was "killed" by a destructive
> >flood the ants regrouped and "Aunt Hillary" emerged).
>
> But the "ant colony" in this book is a fantasy, whose
> point is to illustrate the author's belief in the
> possibilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI): 
[deleted]
> 
> This fairy tale (like it or not)
> has nothing at all to do with real ant
> colonies, which are not in the least intelligent.
> 
> Personally I believe it is read best as
> a *reductio ad absurdum* argument against AI.
In that case, it works just as well as a reductio ad absurdum argument
against a "neurological" theory of human intelligence.  What alternative
do you have?  Vitalism?
I hope this is not confusion about my earlier post.  I was speculating
about extraterresterial eusocial intelligences.  
--PKS
-- 
There's neither heaven nor hell
  Save that we grant ourselves.
There's neither fairness nor justice
  Save what we grant each other.
Peter Kwangjun Suk 
Musician, Computer Science Graduate Student
[finger suk@pobox.com for PGP public key]
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Subject: Re: Comet Hale Bopp: Is there intelligent life on Earth?
From: bgrems@daheim.ping.at (Bernhard Rems)
Date: 17 Nov 1996 01:47:00 +0200
Hi there,
sendero@ix.netcom.com wrote:
> To all of the morons involved: LetÆs see what we have to work with:
> Some photos.  Some speculations: dirt, geostationary satellite, lens
> flare, star, secondary mirror, unexplained object under intelligent
> control.
And - since you don't seem to care about probability: do not forget it  
could be false teeth in orbit.
Regards,
Bernhard
Bernhard Rems
bgrems@daheim.ping.at
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Subject: question regarding length of Earth day
From: Shannon_Mitchell@mindlink.net (Shannon Mitchell)
Date: Sat, 16 Nov 1996 09:25:37 GMT
	I have a question regarding the length of Earth's day and modern timekeeping.  It is my
understanding that the day is not exactly 24 hours long, but rather 23hrs, 56 min, 4s.  However,
since we measure a day as exactly 24 hours, why is it we don't have to turn our watches back an hour
every two weeks?
Shannon Mitchell
           SSSSSSSSS
         SSS       SS 
         SSS
           SSSSSS
                SSSSSSSSSSS
                         SSSS
                           SSS
    S                      SSS
    SSS                  SSSS
      SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
"The two greatest fools in life are the one who 
believes in everything and the one who believes
in nothing."
Shannon_Mitchell@mindlink.bc.ca
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Subject: Re: Anomalous object near Hale-Bopp?
From: bgrems@daheim.ping.at (Bernhard Rems)
Date: 17 Nov 1996 11:46:00 +0200
Hi there,
garyb@efn.org wrote:
> Actually, the astronomer who posted the photos thought that it could be
> a star also.  He checked, and re-checked his start chart and found that
> there is no star at that location.
>
> Reportedly, other astronomers are now seeing the same thing.
Reportedly? Who reported that other than you?
Regards,
Bernhard
Bernhard Rems
bgrems@daheim.ping.at
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Subject: Re: "We are on the way to Mars !". Bravo !!!!
From: david.harris@tcs.wap.org (David L. Harris)
Date: Sun, 17 Nov 1996 06:19:33 -0500
In article <56ligl$fan@freenet-news.carleton.ca>,
bp887@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (Angel Garcia) wrote:
>   Just some 2 hours ago the rusian team has succesfully made the,
>via proton rocket, succesful launch of Mars-96 spacecraft.
>Congratulations from us an from all our planet Earth !.
>Everything went perfect and antennas are already deployed.
From the Mars 96 Web page (http://www.iki.rssi.ru/mars96/mars96hp.html):
WE HAVE NO REASON FOR CONGRATULATION
November, 17 - Unsuccessful result of M96 mission 
Mars-96 remains on Earth satellite orbit and will fall on Earth surface
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Subject: Re: Crtieria for intelligence (was Could intelligent extraterrestrial life exist in our galaxy?)
From: ajgunn@senet.com.au (A. J. Gunn)
Date: Sun, 17 Nov 1996 13:05:23 GMT
suk@pobox.com (Peter Kwangjun Suk) wrote:
> In article <3280FAF0.61C92125@alcyone.com>, Erik Max Francis
>  wrote:
> 
> > Peter Kwangjun Suk wrote:
> > 
> > > We don't yet have any "xenological examples" to establish what is
> > > "universal" to intelligence and what is not.  And until we know more about
> > > intelligence, we have to rely on such data.  But this is
> > > rec.arts.sf.science, so we can speculate.  What do you folks think of the
> > > items on this list (as regards to being or not being universal attributes
> > > of intelligence):
> > > 
> > >         1) Language with syntax
> > 
> > Not necessarily; communication can probably take many forms, and this would
> > be just one.
> 
> But what others are there?  Perhaps imagery.  
What does it matter what form of communication is used? Verbal,
written, sign, scent, contact or even telepathy, as far as I can see,
any form of communication that enables the transmission of information
is, by definition, language. I'd say language without syntax is a
contradiction in terms.
I'm sure there are a very large number of people who would not
consider a bee intelligent. Yet their 'language' is capable of
communicating fairly detailed instructions, direction and distance
about the location of a food source (at the least).
Even if language is not considered a definite sign of intelligence, it
certainly (IMHO) an indicator of the possibility of  intelligence.
Allan
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Subject: Re: They're coming!
From: Mike Broussard
Date: Sun, 17 Nov 1996 06:19:44 -0600
New Millennium wrote:
> 
> Richard A. Schumacher wrote:
> >
> > Uhh, no. The "mysterious object" is an ordinary star, overexposed
> > in a picture taken by an amateur:
> >
> Wrong. Your explanation doesn't wash. I have looked into several
> computer generated star charts from that night, time and location and
> there was not supposed to be a star in that location, much less of
> sufficient magnitude to account for the brightness. I assume you are one
> of the skepticult crowd trying to say that it was Star H5086.310? Yeah,
> right.
> 
> Try logging onto *his* site and you'll find the technical information on
> the telescope, exposure, charting program used, etc. and then respond to
> him *directly* instead of trying to "debunk" him in a forum where he is
> not here to respond.
>
Newmill, 
I had some hope after I saw this guy's page on the internet, but decided
to check for myself.  I found a Palomar Sky Survey photographic plate on
the exact right ascension and declination that Hale-Bopp was at that
date and time.   Sure enough, there was a star of the brightness and
size in the right place as seen in this guy's comet photo.
The Palomar Sky Survey charts are digitized and available at several web
sites on the internet.  You just type in coordinates and a field size
and it displays it on your screen.  Try this URL and choose the
Digitized Sky Survey through the basic interface and see for yourself:
http://skyview.gsfc.nasa.gov/
These are the coordinates:
R.A. 17h 49.5m
Dec. -2 16'
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Subject: Re: Stop that Comet H-B nonsense - here's the FACTS
From: dkettler@ix.netcom.com(Bruce Daniel Kettler)
Date: 17 Nov 1996 12:44:36 GMT
In <19961116.E045158.1409A@gwen.in-berlin.de> Mulder@aapsbsii.org (Fox)
writes: 
>Hi ppl !
>To let this very stupid comet hale-bopp nonsense-thread come to 
>an end... check out http://www.halebopp.com/hbobject.htm
>This is the webpage of the discoverers of the comet, and here you
>find the explanation. 
>This "object" is nothing but a star (SAO 41849), if you still
>think you know it better feel free to post your doubts.
>greets
>Fox
>A.A.P.S.B.S.I.I.
>[Agency Against Pseudo Science and Bullshit in the Internet]
Shouldn't the technical data found at the following site be 
refuted, rather than making vague allegations?  Wouldn't that
be more "scientific"?
                http://agora.rdrop.com/users/tifpc
                              select
                          INSTANT LINKS
                           then select
                        TECHNICAL DETAILS
See pictures, technical data, and CCD field of view map.
Have problems?  Write to the person responsible for the data, and 
post *THAT* *AND THE REPLY* and perhaps, then, we have an *ACTUAL
COMMUNICATION* about this issue.
There's an e-mail link at the site.
Vague generalities without facts are nothing
more than the *USUAL DECEIT* from the 
*CULT OF PEOPLE* I term,
                     SKEP-TI-CULT
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Subject: Re: Anomalous object near Hale-Bopp?
From: lazio@spacenet.tn.cornell.edu (T. Joseph W. Lazio)
Date: 17 Nov 1996 13:26:46 GMT
>>>>> "JR" == Jon Roland  writes:
[...]
JR> Some comets are interstellar. That is, their orbits are
JR> hyperbolic,
 This is not correct.  No comet has been discovered with a hyperbolic
orbit (unless I've missed a recent discovery).  My copy of _The
Planetary System_ by Morrison & Owen (1987) states explicitly that
there have been no comets detected with hyperbolic orbits.  When I was
teaching the intro. astronomy course (1991), the prof. made much the
same statement to the class.
JR>  so that they are unbound to our sun, and will, after passing
JR> nearby once, leave the neighborhood of the sun and never return.
 This might be possible, due to perturbations from Jupiter.
--
Cornell knows I exist?!? | e-mail: lazio@spacenet.tn.cornell.edu
Lt. Lazio, HTML police   | http://astrosun.tn.cornell.edu/students/lazio/
    STOP RAPE            | ICBM:   42:29:56 N  76:28:53 W  305 m alt.
sci.astro FAQ at http://astrosun.tn.cornell.edu/students/lazio/sci.astro.html
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Subject: Re: Anomalous object near Hale-Bopp?
From: davidc@southeast.net
Date: Sun, 17 Nov 1996 13:30:31 GMT
On Fri, 15 Nov 1996 11:15:31 GMT, west@sonic.net (Wes Thomas) wrote:
>Art Bell show reporting right now that an amateur astronomer has
>sighted a giant strange object visually near the Hale-Bopp comet. The
>object mysteriously appeared Wednesday night and resembles Saturn, but
>is "sefl-illuminating" with anomalously-even illumination, according
>to Chuck Shramek, an amateur astronomer in Houston. 
I've checked with Skymap, and of course everyone knows it is not
Saturn!!! Saturn was over 90 degrees away, (unless you have one heck
of a field of view :)
Dave
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Subject: Re: question regarding length of Earth day
From: Rodney Small
Date: Sun, 17 Nov 1996 08:31:45 -0800
Shannon Mitchell wrote:
> 
>         I have a question regarding the length of Earth's day and modern timekeeping.  It is my
> understanding that the day is not exactly 24 hours long, but rather 23hrs, 56 min, 4s.  However,
> since we measure a day as exactly 24 hours, why is it we don't have to turn our watches back an hour
> every two weeks?
The 23hrs, 56 min, 4s you refer to is the length of the rotation of the earth on its 
axis, known as a sidereal (relative to the stars) day.  However, the earth is also 
revolving around the sun in the same direction as its rotation; i.e., from west to 
east, and this adds an additional 3 minutes, 56 seconds on average.  That is to say, an 
average (or mean) solar day is 3 minutes, 56 seconds longer than a sidereal day, which 
explains why the stars rise on average 3 minutes, 56 seconds earlier each night.  
Because the earth is tilted on its axis and moves at varying speeds around the sun due 
to its elliptical orbit, the average 3 minutes, 56 seconds can vary by up to 30 seconds 
-- see the recent thread on this board titled "analemma".
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Subject: Re: hale-bopp - nib1.jpg (1/1)
From: lazio@spacenet.tn.cornell.edu (T. Joseph W. Lazio)
Date: 17 Nov 1996 13:41:11 GMT
>>>>> "RS" == Robert Ssmith  writes:
RS> In article 
RS> lazio@spacenet.tn.cornell.edu (T. Joseph W. Lazio) writes:
>> [JPEG of Hale-Bopp zapped]
>> Please, sci.astro is not the appropriate group for posting images.
>> Use alt.binaries.pictures.astro or make the image available on a
>> Web or ftp site, with a short note to sci.astro announcing the
>> images availability.
RS> Waddaya mean it's not an appropriate place?  Posting it here saves
RS> having to look elsewhere for it.
 Well, with this logic, we might as well just have one big newsgroup,
news.  That would save us from looking elsewhere for anything, right?
 There's a reason we have news *groups*.  It's so that discussions can
be grouped by people's interests.  sci.astro is a group for the
discussion of the science of astronomy.  While it's quite true that
images are used in astronomy, one can also do astronomy without using
images and one can take astronomical images without intending to use
them scientifically.  Thus, a separate group exists for the exchange
of astronomical images, alt.binaries.pictures.astro.  
-- Joseph "And, yes, it would be nice if more people understood this
simple concept of news *groups* and posted only to the appropriate
groups."
--
Cornell knows I exist?!? | e-mail: lazio@spacenet.tn.cornell.edu
Lt. Lazio, HTML police   | http://astrosun.tn.cornell.edu/students/lazio/
    STOP RAPE            | ICBM:   42:29:56 N  76:28:53 W  305 m alt.
sci.astro FAQ at http://astrosun.tn.cornell.edu/students/lazio/sci.astro.html
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Subject: Re: Autodynamics
From: philf@astro.lsa.umich.edu (Phil Fischer)
Date: 17 Nov 1996 13:38:17 GMT
In article <328B5389.2B17@magna.com.au>,
Mountain Man   wrote:
>Phil Fischer wrote:
>
>> What a bunch of moronic blather. The most stringent test of the perihelion
>> advance predicted by GR is the Taylor-Hulse pulsar. You might recall that
>> the discoverers of this pulsar (Taylor and Hulse) were recently awarded Nobel
>> prizes. This system has a much larger perihelion advance than
>> mercury. Observation and analysis of pulsar timing has yielded fantastic
>> agreement with GR. End of discussion.
>
>
>Hahahahahahaha .....  end of discussion.
>Hahahahahahaha .....  what an intellectual singularity.
>
>Of course - I forgot ... everyone who is awarded a Nobel prize is
>correct by default.   Certainly, if they were handing out such
>awards in the days of Ptolemy, then he would have received a few.
>
>Water joke ..... surf on .....
>
>Verily verily I say unto you ....
>
>   Those who are stuffed up proponents of the status quo have
>   already received the reward of their labor.
>
>I find sci.physics the most amusing newsgroup to read for this
>very reason ... "Know_it_Alls" - Please stand up and be recognised.
>
I notice in your response you fail to address the results of the analysis of
the Taylor-Hulse pulsar. I repeat, these observations are a far more stringent
test of GR than than the observations of mercury's perihelion advance. GR
passes these tests with flying colors. Perhaps your next response will actually
contain some scientific content? I doubt it.
Phil
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Subject: Re: Mars '96 Launch Failure
From: bp887@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (Angel Garcia)
Date: 17 Nov 1996 12:58:05 GMT
Ron Baalke (baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov) writes:
> It appears Russia's Mars' 96 launch was not successful.  The spacecraft was
> launched into an Earth parking orbit today, but one of the upper stages
> apparently did not burn leaving the spacecraft stuck in Earth orbit. 
> It appears that the spacecraft will now reenter into Earth's atmosphere.
> 
> From the Mars '96 home page - http://www.iki.rssi.ru/mars96/news.htm
> 
>    WE HAVE NO REASON FOR CONGRATULATION
>    November, 17 - Unsuccessful result of M96 mission
>    Mars-96 remains on Earth satellite orbit and will fall on Earth surface
      Well, there are 101 things which can go wrong. Igor posted very recently
that the spacecraft was going O.K.
      If what you are saying, Ron, is confirmed then... what can we do and
 say ?... We suffer with all you, dear members of the rusian-german team !.
We are confident that next efforts in new project to Mars will succeed. This
one represents a big strap to all of us terrestrials: let us hope that
MGS will not suffer any more and reach there in the name of planet Earth.
--
Angel, secretary (male) of Universitas Americae (UNIAM).
     http://www.ncf.carleton.ca/~bp887
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Subject: Re: "We are on the way to Mars !". Bravo !!!!
From: bp887@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (Angel Garcia)
Date: 17 Nov 1996 13:02:15 GMT
David L. Harris (david.harris@tcs.wap.org) writes:
> In article <56ligl$fan@freenet-news.carleton.ca>,
> bp887@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (Angel Garcia) wrote:
> 
>>   Just some 2 hours ago the rusian team has succesfully made the,
>>via proton rocket, succesful launch of Mars-96 spacecraft.
>>Congratulations from us an from all our planet Earth !.
>>Everything went perfect and antennas are already deployed.
> 
> From the Mars 96 Web page (http://www.iki.rssi.ru/mars96/mars96hp.html):
> 
> WE HAVE NO REASON FOR CONGRATULATION
> November, 17 - Unsuccessful result of M96 mission 
> Mars-96 remains on Earth satellite orbit and will fall on Earth surface
    Yes, Ron, has already said it. What a disaster !. WE, all terrerstrials,
are with you, dear dirvers of Mars-96, in this sad day.
--
Angel, secretary (male) of Universitas Americae (UNIAM).
     http://www.ncf.carleton.ca/~bp887
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Subject: Re: Anomalous object near Hale-Bopp? - hale_m14.gif (0/1)
From: davidc@southeast.net
Date: Sun, 17 Nov 1996 13:36:14 GMT
On Fri, 15 Nov 1996 11:15:31 GMT, west@sonic.net (Wes Thomas) wrote:
>Art Bell show reporting right now that an amateur astronomer has
>sighted a giant strange object visually near the Hale-Bopp comet. The
>object mysteriously appeared Wednesday night and resembles Saturn, but
>is "sefl-illuminating" with anomalously-even illumination, according
>to Chuck Shramek, an amateur astronomer in Houston. 
Here is a finder chart for 11-14-96 at 19:10 EST (which I believe
would make it 18:10 CST), showing the comet and the stars down to 12.0
mag.
Chart was made using Megastar.
Dave
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Subject: Re: Anomalous object near Hale-Bopp? - hale_m14.gif (1/1)
From: davidc@southeast.net
Date: Sun, 17 Nov 1996 13:36:15 GMT
begin 644 hale_m14.gif
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MXA+_<\(HDH:%=X$B%=N#O"R^ID>1B]\.N2C&TGG1;4D:(QHA%,/,Q:Z&"V)0
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MA+XH@$E2LI*6O"0F+4F`3'*RDY[\)"A#*@```.Y6N
`
end
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Subject: Re: WWW: Constructing artificial laser stars
From: af597@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (John Talbot)
Date: 17 Nov 1996 13:10:39 GMT
DarrenG@cris.com (Darren Garrison) wrote:
>jtalbot@achilles.net (John Talbot) wrote:
>>Constructing Artificial Laser Stars
>>
>>   http://www.achilles.net/~jtalbot/amateur/scifi.html
>>
>>What if you could control the direction of photons emitted by a star ?
>>Instead of spreading out in all directions they could be projected in
>>the form of a highly coherent and collimated laser beam.
>>An artificial laser star could be constructed in such a way as to
>>send an extremely well focussed and concentrated beam of light towards
>>a space station or planet to sustain a biosphere or propel an
>>interstellar light sail. From such a planet, the sun would appear
>>like a bright twinkling point rather than a small disk.
>>This approach to collecting solar energy is more efficient in terms
>>of materials and requires a lower level of technology than the
>>Dyson sphere or RingWorld approach.
>>This web site covers several schemes to construct artificial lasers
>>on stars with rapidly cooling stellar atmospheres.
>>
>>John Talbot  ( jtalbot@achilles.net )
>
>Create 'Life-Stars' not 'Death-Stars' !
>Twinkle, twinkle, laser star !
>1.) Read a definition of what a laser is.  (Hint-- a laser produces a
>SINGLE wavelength of light, not an entire spectrum.
L.A.S.E.R. = Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
The definition doesn't preclude gain at multiple discrete wavelengths.
Some lasers can lase at two, three or more wavelengths. For example,
the 'white light' laser can simultaneously produce red, green and blue.
While examining astrophysical spectra of natural laser stars we often
find more than one wavelength at which laser action can occur, sometimes
three or more strong emission lines are present. Given the sensitivity
of the population inversion to initial conditions such as density,
temperature and cooling rate, the gain of the lasing medium can in
principle be tailored to operate in the multi-wavelength regime.
Multi-wavelength lasing in stellar plasmas is discussed at :
http://www.achilles.net/~jtalbot/T1995/carbon.html
pay particular attention to the last diagram on that page:
http://www.achilles.net/~jtalbot/T1995/classification.gif
>2.) IF you could do that to a star, it wouldn't be a way to propel a
>light ship, it WOULD be a light ship.
>Whatever "ship" it would be pointing out would be vaporized in a
>nanosecond. There is no material that could stand up to the
>concentrated total output of a star.
Earth wouldn't last long either if the entire solar light production
was beamed onto it. Way too much power ! There's no need to go to
such extremes, the power of the laser can be tailored for the task.
>The star, on the other hand, would move off in the opposite direction of
>the light.  A similar method of moving stars was mentioned in Gregory
>Benford's last novel in the Galactic Center novels, Sailing Bright
>Eternity.
The conservation of momentum is at issue here,
I assume you have read the web site and are familiar with the three
schemes to construct artificial stellar lasers:
1. Mirror scheme:
The laser beam is emitted tangential to the surface of the star
(see the two diagrams on the web page), if anything the star would
acquire a net angular momentum. These effects are minimal, in any case
they are randomized and scattered by the strong turbulent stellar winds.
However, photon momentum does have a dramatic effect on the mirrors.
In the dual mirror scheme if the back mirror was completely reflective,
conservation of momentum would impart a momentum of 2p every time
a photon bounced off the mirror. For a multiple pass optical cavity
the photon travels back and forth many times stimulating emissions
at every pass. The force on the mirrors from this photon pressure
in combination from the photon pressure from the star's photosphere
acts like a solar sail and can be designed to exactly balance the
inward gravitational force pulling the mirror onto the star.
These three counterbalancing forces could be harnessed to maintain
the mirror stationary against the gravitational pull of the star.
('statites' or stationary satellites by R.L.Forward)
2. Laser amplifier scheme:
Also a tangential beam, same discussion as above.
3. Meteor scheme:
The beam from the meteor scheme has the flexibility to emerge from
any location on the surface of the star. However, maximum gain is
obtained when the gain channel is aligned perpendicular to the
Doppler gradient in the expanding stellar atmospheres.
Therefore the most efficient strategy is to produce a tangential
beam, and since amplified spontaneous emission occurs
in both the forward and backwards direction, the net momentum
transfer is exactly zero.
In the highly unlikely scenario where the effects of photon momentum
transfer played a significant role, extra beams travelling in opposite
directions could be generated to balance out the forces.
Thanks for your feedback !
I will add these points to the web page.
John Talbot
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Subject: Re: New Hubble Findings on Quasars Presented on Nov 19
From: philf@astro.lsa.umich.edu (Phil Fischer)
Date: 17 Nov 1996 13:46:33 GMT
In article <15NOV199600251991@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov>,
Ron Baalke  wrote:
>
>       Dramatic Hubble Space Telescope images, which show 
>that quasars live in a remarkable variety of galaxies, many 
>of which are violently colliding, will be presented at a 
Well this is certainly fascinating since I can recall an earlier NASA press
release stating that QSO's did not reside in host galaxies. 
Live and learn,
Phil
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Subject: Re: Moon Phases Inverted in S. Hemisphere???
From: dweeks@ccnet.com (David M. Weeks)
Date: 14 Nov 1996 17:02:52 -0800
In , Robert Casey wrote:
 º Now, in South america people there see the very same 1st
 º quarter moon facing to the lower left.
 º So, yes, the phases of the moon would look inverted there.  
Hey, I never thought of that.  I'm used to using the old rule of 
thumb _luna mendax_ to tell which phase the moon's in, but in the 
southern hemisphere, then, it'd be _luna verax_!  Especially 
handy in the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries in South 
America: if it looks like a C, it's _creciente_, and if it's a D, 
_decreciente_.  Neat!
--
David Weeks
Pleasant Hill, California
ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ
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Subject: Re: Could intelligent extraterrestrial life exist in our galaxy?
From: claw@ozemail.com.au (Chris Lawson)
Date: Sun, 17 Nov 1996 13:47:25 GMT
"Walter E. Shepherd"  wrote:
>GACK!!... I'm sorry if I impolitely make light of this, it is not
>personal, but I can't help myself... I just saw the parallel with our
>species latest tool... the Internet.  It is obvious now... and everyone
>should be warned... the Internet is an "open-ended, self-referential
>language process".  It is becoming a self referential, self-aware
>thinking process.  The INTERNET IS ALIVE and it is about to consume us
>in an entropic explosion.  Oh Lord, save us, our tools have turned
>against us.
See Alfred Bester's "Star Light, Star Bright" (shamelessly exploited
for The LAWNMOWER MAN).
_____________________
Chris Lawson
claw@ozemail.com.au
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Subject: Re: Mars '96 Launch Failure
From: cjones@gladstone.uoregon.edu (Christopher Michael Jones)
Date: 17 Nov 1996 13:54:51 GMT
Angel Garcia (bp887@FreeNet.Carleton.CA) wrote:
: Ron Baalke (baalke@kelvin.jpl.nasa.gov) writes:
: > It appears Russia's Mars' 96 launch was not successful.  The spacecraft was
: > launched into an Earth parking orbit today, but one of the upper stages
: > apparently did not burn leaving the spacecraft stuck in Earth orbit. 
: > It appears that the spacecraft will now reenter into Earth's atmosphere.
: > 
: > From the Mars '96 home page - http://www.iki.rssi.ru/mars96/news.htm
: > 
: >    WE HAVE NO REASON FOR CONGRATULATION
: >    November, 17 - Unsuccessful result of M96 mission
: >    Mars-96 remains on Earth satellite orbit and will fall on Earth surface
:       Well, there are 101 things which can go wrong. Igor posted very recently
: that the spacecraft was going O.K.
:       If what you are saying, Ron, is confirmed then... what can we do and
:  say ?... We suffer with all you, dear members of the rusian-german team !.
: We are confident that next efforts in new project to Mars will succeed. This
: one represents a big strap to all of us terrestrials: let us hope that
: MGS will not suffer any more and reach there in the name of planet Earth.
Hopefully (although the probablities are pretty low) the Russians
might still be able to salvage Mars '96.  I'm not too hopeful, but there is 
a chance and I don't want to write it off without giving it a chance.  
Anyway, it certainly appears as if there is some sort of curse on the
Red Planet of recent times.  Even MGS has not been able so completely
escape it.  Maybe Mars Pathfinder will break the curse once and for all.
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Subject: Re: Mars '96 Launch Failure
From: DarrenG@cris.com (Darren Garrison)
Date: Sun, 17 Nov 1996 14:37:16 GMT
cjones@gladstone.uoregon.edu (Christopher Michael Jones) wrote:
>Hopefully (although the probablities are pretty low) the Russians
>might still be able to salvage Mars '96.  I'm not too hopeful, but there is 
>a chance and I don't want to write it off without giving it a chance.  
>Anyway, it certainly appears as if there is some sort of curse on the
>Red Planet of recent times.  Even MGS has not been able so completely
>escape it.  Maybe Mars Pathfinder will break the curse once and for all.
>
Careful what you say... this failure might be enough to get the
Mars-aliens-massive-coverup-conspiricy people going again.
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Subject: Re: WWW: Constructing artificial laser stars
From: DarrenG@cris.com (Darren Garrison)
Date: Sun, 17 Nov 1996 14:54:37 GMT
af597@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (John Talbot) wrote:
>
>DarrenG@cris.com (Darren Garrison) wrote:
>
>>jtalbot@achilles.net (John Talbot) wrote:
>
>>>Constructing Artificial Laser Stars
>>>
>>>   http://www.achilles.net/~jtalbot/amateur/scifi.html
>>>
>>
>>Create 'Life-Stars' not 'Death-Stars' !
>>Twinkle, twinkle, laser star !
>
>>1.) Read a definition of what a laser is.  (Hint-- a laser produces a
>>SINGLE wavelength of light, not an entire spectrum.
>
>L.A.S.E.R. = Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
>The definition doesn't preclude gain at multiple discrete wavelengths.
>Some lasers can lase at two, three or more wavelengths. For example,
>the 'white light' laser can simultaneously produce red, green and blue.
>While examining astrophysical spectra of natural laser stars we often
>find more than one wavelength at which laser action can occur, sometimes
>three or more strong emission lines are present. Given the sensitivity
>of the population inversion to initial conditions such as density,
>temperature and cooling rate, the gain of the lasing medium can in
>principle be tailored to operate in the multi-wavelength regime.
Checking two of my sources at home;
laser n. Physics. any device that emits a very narrow and intense beam
of coherent light or other radiation OF A SINGLE WAVELENGTH  either continuously or in pulses; an optical maser.  A laser
uses light to stimulate the emission of more light by excited atoms,
molicules, or other physical systems....
The American Heritage Dictionary of Science, Robert K. Barnhart,
copyright 1986 Barnhart Books ISBN 0-395-48367-0
laser n. a device that produces a nearly parallel, NEARLY
MONOCHROMATIC,  and coherent beam of light by exciting
atoms and causing them to radiate their energh in phase....
Random House Webster's College Dictionary, McGraw-Hill Edition,
copyright 1991 Random House ISBN 0-07-051468-x
>
>Multi-wavelength lasing in stellar plasmas is discussed at :
>http://www.achilles.net/~jtalbot/T1995/carbon.html
>pay particular attention to the last diagram on that page:
>http://www.achilles.net/~jtalbot/T1995/classification.gif
>
>>2.) IF you could do that to a star, it wouldn't be a way to propel a
>>light ship, it WOULD be a light ship.
>>Whatever "ship" it would be pointing out would be vaporized in a
>>nanosecond. There is no material that could stand up to the
>>concentrated total output of a star.
>
>Earth wouldn't last long either if the entire solar light production
>was beamed onto it. Way too much power ! There's no need to go to
>such extremes, the power of the laser can be tailored for the task.
>
But the point that you made in the sci.astro post was that all of the
light emitted by a star could be concentrated into a single laser
beam, which could then be, among other things, be used to propell a
light ship.
>>The star, on the other hand, would move off in the opposite direction of
>>the light.  A similar method of moving stars was mentioned in Gregory
>>Benford's last novel in the Galactic Center novels, Sailing Bright
>>Eternity.
>
>The conservation of momentum is at issue here,
>I assume you have read the web site and are familiar with the three
>schemes to construct artificial stellar lasers:
>
>1. Mirror scheme:
>The laser beam is emitted tangential to the surface of the star
>(see the two diagrams on the web page), if anything the star would
>acquire a net angular momentum. These effects are minimal, in any case
>they are randomized and scattered by the strong turbulent stellar winds.
>However, photon momentum does have a dramatic effect on the mirrors.
>In the dual mirror scheme if the back mirror was completely reflective,
>conservation of momentum would impart a momentum of 2p every time
>a photon bounced off the mirror. For a multiple pass optical cavity
>the photon travels back and forth many times stimulating emissions
>at every pass. The force on the mirrors from this photon pressure
>in combination from the photon pressure from the star's photosphere
>acts like a solar sail and can be designed to exactly balance the
>inward gravitational force pulling the mirror onto the star.
>These three counterbalancing forces could be harnessed to maintain
>the mirror stationary against the gravitational pull of the star.
>('statites' or stationary satellites by R.L.Forward)
Which is the same as Benford did in Sailing Bright Eternity.  Mirrored
hemispheres were placed to block light from one half of a star.  The
light pressure hitting the mirror counterbalanced the gravitational
pull of the star, allowing the mirror to "float."
Imagine three situations; in the first, a mass of gas is released
(somehow) into the middle of a vaccuum.  Those gasses will expand
outward in all directions evenly, leaving the center of mass in the
same place.  Imagine a balloon.  The gases are trapped by the
balloon's skin, but the forces are still equil in all directions, so
the center of mass stays in the same place, and the balloon does not
move.  Open the stem of the balloon, however, and gas will escape
freely from that direction; while there is still resistance from the
other directions, with the net effect of pushing the balloon in the
opposite direction of the stem.  Extend that analogy to a star; an
uncovered star would radiate in all directions freely and not move; a
totaly covered star would radiate freely in no directions and not
move.  A covered star with one opening would radiate freely in one
direction and the entire system would slowly but surely accellerate in
the opposite direction.
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Subject: Re: Anomalous object near Hale-Bopp?
From: ajackson@brokersys.com (aj)
Date: Sun, 17 Nov 96 14:54:43 GMT
In article , lazio@spacenet.tn.cornell.edu wrote:
>>>>>> "JR" == Jon Roland  writes:
>[...]
>JR> Some comets are interstellar. That is, their orbits are
>JR> hyperbolic,
>
> This is not correct.  No comet has been discovered with a hyperbolic
>orbit (unless I've missed a recent discovery).  My copy of _The
>Planetary System_ by Morrison & Owen (1987) states explicitly that
>there have been no comets detected with hyperbolic orbits.  When I was
>teaching the intro. astronomy course (1991), the prof. made much the
>same statement to the class.
>
Yes that is correct no >inbound< hyperbolic comets have ever been seen,
was a paper about this in Astronomica Journal a few years back.
In fact its a bit strange but not unusual.
However comets initially bound to the solar system
have been ejected from the solar system by Jupiter
and this has been seen.
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Subject: Re: Could intelligent extraterrestrial life exist in our galaxy?
From: jwas@ix.netcom.com(jw)
Date: 17 Nov 1996 15:08:14 GMT
In  suk@pobox.com (Peter Kwangjun
Suk) writes: 
>
>In article <56ld65$kuo@dfw-ixnews8.ix.netcom.com>,
jwas@ix.netcom.com(jw) wrote:
>
>> In <55t3d7$rhi@kocrsv08.delcoelect.com>
>> aranders@kosepc01.delcoelect.com (Alan Anderson) writes: 
>> >
>> >Douglas Hofstadter's _Goedel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden
Braid_
>> >a wonderful description an intelligent ant colony (named, I
believe,
>> >"Johant Sebastiant Fermant" -- after it was "killed" by a
destructive
>> >flood the ants regrouped and "Aunt Hillary" emerged).
>>
>> But the "ant colony" in this book is a fantasy, whose
>> point is to illustrate the author's belief in the
>> possibilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI): 
>[deleted]
>> 
>> This fairy tale (like it or not)
>> has nothing at all to do with real ant
>> colonies, which are not in the least intelligent.
>> 
>> Personally I believe it is read best as
>> a *reductio ad absurdum* argument against AI.
>
>In that case, it works just as well as a reductio ad absurdum argument
>against a "neurological" theory of human intelligence.  What
alternative
>do you have?  Vitalism?
Agnosticism, so far. I explain my point of view below.
It is probably compatible with some neurological
theories but not others.
>I hope this is not confusion about my earlier post.  I was speculating
>about extraterresterial eusocial intelligences.  
No, I missed that (not deliberately: I read the net
off-and-on).
My main objection to AI (as it historically existed
in its heyday) has always been that it strived to create a
*programmable intelligence*, a *predictable intelligence* - 
a contradiction in terms, IMO. 
Stupidity is predictable, intelligence is not. 
From a practical point of view, this delusion
has bedeviled most AI attempts to compete
with nature: they wanted to *guarantee*
a certain result, to *prove* it - but nature merely had to
*achieve* it. E.g., they could not just let
a multitude of parallel processes run,
interfereing with each other, imperfectly
synchronized: proof becomes impossible.
Yet such messy parallelism is obviously a *forte*
of live brain.
Creating an intelligent being is not, per se,
an insoluble problem. We the people create them in our 
bedrooms at the rate of about 4 per second. Programming
them, predicting them is quite another matter.
The idea is a philosophical abomination.
One way of arriving at this conclusion is this:
One cannot predict oneself - that would lead
to contradiction, as one could then violate
the prediction. Therefore. one cannot predict an
equal; for, if one could, one could predict
the equal predicting oneself, and therefore one
could predict oneself. Therefore, one
cannot program intelligence, at least
deterministically. This takes care of Hofstadter's
book, among others. 
It also leads (with some further
reasoning) to the rejection of all social
planning, of any "utopia in power".
One cannot predict equals - therefore 
one cannot plan for equals; *a fortiori*,
for *superiors*; so, any future equal or superior
to the present is unpredictable. 
To make the future predictable and manageable, social
engineers have to reduce it to a level
inferior to their own. And this is
what they strive to do in fact: make things
worse, not better. 
Likewise, book utopias, beginning with Plato's,
have generally been undesirable 
places to live in - but very convenient to manage.
The author was their first manager, and
had to take care of that angle; he wanted
to make sure nothing went wrong; so
the inhabitants must become puppets,
controllable and predictable and devoid of 
intelligence.
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Subject: DOES ANYONE HAVE TLES FOR THE RUSSIAN MARS PROBE????
From: rivero@accessone.com (Michael Rivero)
Date: 17 Nov 1996 07:12:30 -0800
  Apparently, the Russian Mars probe failed to ignite the fourth stage 
rockets and is in a decaying Earth orbit, due to re-enter the atmosphere 
in about 30 days. 
  Because this spacecraft carries four fuel cells which will survive re-entry,
the orbital track and possible re-entry locations are of more than passing
interest, doubly so as the fuel cells are powered by plutonium, enough to
give Saddam Hussein a hard-on if they should land in Iraq.
  Anyone at Norad have the goods on this probe?
-- 
RANCHO RUNNAMUKKA | Special Effects / Documentary Films
Mike & Claire - The Rancho Runnamukka http://www.accessone.com/~rivero/ 
A preliminary TWA 800 page is now at my site.
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