Subject: Re: ...............
From: rtotman@oanet.com (r)
Date: 10 Nov 1996 18:23:42 GMT
In article <328496CE.549F@pianeta.it>, scienza@pianeta.it says:
>
>INTERNET
>
>Some people prefear to go on thinking that the Einstein’s relativity
>theory is right , thinking that matter cannot reach and substains light
>velocity, because in this case matter would have an infinitive mass ,
>and it would be necessary to transfer to it an infinitive quantity of
>energy.
>At the same time the physics substain that at elemental material level
>the time does not exist and that in normal conditions it is not possible
>to travel in the time.
>
>As opposite to what mentioned before, the writer, after 20 years of
>research out of the pubblic ufficial circuit of the physical research,
>can prove that things are different.
>Some examples of his theories follows:
>
>-The comception of time and space given by Einstein Relativity is
>completly inconsistent applied to the case of light velocity of the
>matter , out of light along with the physical and heavy consistance of
>the material invisible particles that translate the time , (towards the
>future or the past).
>In many cases the theories substained by the physics are uncomplete or
>inadeguated to describe the reality, but because of their lack to give
>an explanation to the real phaenomenouses, they go on thinking their
>concept as the only truth.
>
>-Some information about: To travel in the time , to travel at light
>velocity , to know the explanation of the forces unification, to know
>the natural formation of the sub-elemental particles of the electricity
>of the magnetism and of the gravity.
>The writers brings explanations and cases which confutates the
>Einstein’s relativity theory , substaing that the matter can travel at
>light velocity
>The contrary is possible and it is the right explanation of the world.
>
>End of December 1996 it will be ready a book , entitled "THE
>QUADRIDIMENTIONAL UNIVERSE", where in about 420 pages with colour
>photos and pictures , the writer explains these theories and many other
>concepts not already reached by the officials science.
>Shipment: per Airmail.
>Possible markets :All countries except for Italy , switzerland ,
>Japan, Cina , URSS Countries
>DEPOSITED AND PROTECTED CONTENTS
>
>PLEASE REPLY FOR MORE INFOS :
>
>scienza@pianeta.it
>
This is an inappropriate newsgroup for such a topic. This should appear in
alt.sci.fiction or some similar group.
Subject: stochastic generation of daily precip
From: shea@ra.cgd.ucar.edu (Dennis Shea)
Date: 11 Nov 1996 22:35:40 GMT
Hello,
I am trying to model daily precipitation and am
having a problem [Perhaps, several problems ;>)].
It is certainly not my area of expertise so I
would be grateful for pointing me in the right direction.
The following outlines the situation:
Given the observed mean precipitation amount on "wet days"
and the variance about this mean, I would like
to stochastically generate a large number of daily
series. Each series represents a season (eg, winter).
that have (approximately) this mean and variance.
[I also have some other information: the mean unconditional
probability of precip on a given day within a season,
prob of dry-to-wet; prob wet-to-wet but I want to ignore
that for this question.]
My first look was at Richardson's (1981) "weather generator"
[Water Resourc. Res 17:182-190 and a tech note entitled
"WGEN: A Model for Generating Daily Weather Variables"
Dept of Agriculture: August 84, ARS-8]. The latter
has some fortran code (p72) which I copied [code at end
of message]. Richardson used the method outlined in Haan (1977).
The resulting code seems (generally) to generate reasonable
mean prc amounts but the variances are MUCH larger then I expected.
Next, I thought "I'll use use a two-parameter gamma
distribution": something like
prc = scon*gamma2 (alpha, beta)
where
beta = scale factor to stretch or squeeze the
gamma density function
alpha = shape
scon = scaling constant [perhaps?, scon=beta]
note: ave = alpha*beta; variance = alpha*bets**2
In my case alpha is always 0 < alpha < 1 with
typical values of 0.25 to 0.6. My test case
is alpha=0.3; scale=270 ==> ave=9 mm var=900 mm**2
[Because I do not have the actual daily values I used
the method of moments to determine alpha and beta.
I know that max likelihood estimates are best but
I can not calculate them given the data at hand.]
The function "gamma2" would randomly sample from
gamma distribution with shape alpha and produce
a random amount.
I "grabbed" the (fortran) code from ranlib which
is in the netlib public domain archive. It is called
gengam(x,alpha) where "x" is a location parameter.
[I am not sure what the location parameter actually
is so I took a wild (er, I mean, educated) guess!!]
Anyway, the way I am using it does not seem to do the job.
THX for any info!!
===================
Code from WGEN (in f77):
c -------------------------------------------------------
real function prc_gam (shape, scale)
c stochasticaaly generate a precip amount from a gamma distribution
c Reference:
c . WGEN: A Model for Generating Daily Weather Variables
c . Agricultural Research Service [ARS-8] August 1984
c . inparticular see pg 72
c . Possibly, the book by Haan (1977) Iowa St. Univ Press
c . actually describes where tr1 and tr2 come from ....
aa = 1./shape ! shape = alpha
ab = 1./(1.-shape)
tr1 = exp(-18.42/aa) ! ?? 18.42 ??
tr2 = exp(-18.42/ab) ! possibly delineate regions
ntry = 0
10 ntry = ntry + 1 ! number of iterations
rn1 = ranf()
rn2 = ranf()
if ((rn1-tr1).le.0.) then
s1 = 0.0
else
s1 = rn1**aa
endif
if ((rn2-tr2).le.0.) then
s2 = 0.0
else
s2 = rn2**ab
endif
if ((s1+s2).gt.1.) go to 10 ! try again
z = s1/(s1+s2)
prc_gam = -z*alog(ranf())*scale
return
end
+++++++++++++++ next code from ranlib +++++++++++
REAL FUNCTION gengam(a,r)
C**********************************************************************
C
C REAL FUNCTION GENGAM( A, R )
C GENerates random deviates from GAMma distribution
C
C
C Function
C
C
C Generates random deviates from the gamma distribution whose
C density is
C (A**R)/Gamma(R) * X**(R-1) * Exp(-A*X)
C
C
C Arguments
C
C
C A --> Location parameter of Gamma distribution
C REAL A
C
C R --> Shape parameter of Gamma distribution
C REAL R
.
.
Subject: ERS-1/2 data and Interferogram of subglacial volcanic eruption in Iceland and threatening glacial flood.
From: Christoph Boehm Doktorand FE
Date: Sun, 10 Nov 1996 11:55:32 +0100
VOLCANIC ERUPTION ON ICELAND: ERS-SAR-IMAGES
November 8, 1996
New ERS-1/2 SAR images and interferogram of the recent subglacial
eruption of Loki ridge, a subglacial volcano on Iceland, are now
available on the DFD homepage:=20
http://www.dfd.dlr.de/HOT-TOPICS/volcano/
These images show the newest eruption on Vatnaj=F6kull, Europe's
largest glacier, which started on October 1. and the subglacial
reservoir which is now filled with some km3 of meltwater. This huge
amount of water will cause a catastrophic flood.=20
This page is available both, in English and German language, and
will be updated as soon as new SAR data are processed and analyzed.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
This is a service of the German Remote Sensing Data Center (DFD).
For further information, please contact:
boehm@dfd.dlr.de
mueschen@dfd.dlr.de
roth@dfd.dlr.de
------------------------------------------------------------------
Christoph Boehm
DFD (German Remote Sensing Data Center)